Bacterial translocation in multiple organ failure: Cause or epiphenomenon still unproven

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1992 • 12,726 citations

American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference

1992 • 4,689 citations

Detection of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor after Endotoxin Administration

1988 • 1,711 citations

Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacteremia and Septic Shock with HA-1A Human Monoclonal Antibody against Endotoxin

1991 • 1,611 citations

Multiple Organ Failure Pathophysiology and Potential Future Therapy

1992 • 1,398 citations

Multiple-Organ Failure

1985 • 1,314 citations

Prognosis in Acute Organ-System Failure

1985 • 1,248 citations

Recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome. Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phase III rhIL-1ra Sepsis Syndrome Study Group

1994 • 920 citations

Translocation of Certain Indigenous Bacteria from the Gastrointestinal Tract to the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and Other Organs in a Gnotobiotic Mouse Model

1979 • 837 citations

Experimental endotoxemia in humans: analysis of cytokine release and coagulation, fibrinolytic, and complement pathways

1990 • 796 citations

Multiple System Organ Failure

1980 • 751 citations

A Controlled Clinical Trial of E5 Murine Monoclonal IgM Antibody to Endotoxin in the Treatment of Gram-Negative Sepsis

1991 • 741 citations

Immunologic Dissonance: A Continuing Evolution in Our Understanding of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

1996 • 724 citations

Recombinant Human Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist in the Treatment of Patients With Sepsis Syndrome

1994 • 714 citations

Cytokine Patterns in Patients After Major Vascular Surgery, Hemorrhagic Shock, and Severe Blunt Trauma Relation with Subsequent Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Multiple Organ Failure

1993 • 628 citations

Toward a theory regarding the pathogenesis of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome

1996 • 619 citations

Experimental endotoxemia in humans: analysis of cytokine release and coagulation, fibrinolytic, and complement pathways

1990 • 611 citations

Immunobiology and immunopathology of human gut mucosa: Humoral immunity and intraepithelial lymphocytes

1989 • 552 citations

Multiple Organ Failure Syndrome in the 1990s

1994 • 532 citations

Evolving Concepts in the Pathogenesis of Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure

1995 • 525 citations

Gut Bacterial Translocation via the Portal Vein

1991 • 494 citations

Multiple Organ Failure in Polytrauma Patients

1983 • 492 citations

Controlled Clinical Trial of Selective Decontamination for the Treatment of Severe Acute Pancreatitis

1995 • 459 citations

Mechanism of endotoxin desensitization: involvement of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor beta.

1995 • 459 citations

The Process of Microbial Translocation

1990 • 442 citations

Influence of an anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody on cytokine levels in patients with sepsis

1993 • 427 citations

Proposed Mechanisms for the Translocation of Intestinal Bacteria

1988 • 412 citations

Anticytokine Strategies in the Treatment of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

1993 • 397 citations

Endotoxemia and Bacteremia During Hemorrhagic Shock The Link Between Trauma and Sepsis?

1988 • 391 citations

Hemorrhagic Shock Induces Bacterial Translocation from the Gut

1988 • 390 citations

Predominant role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human monocyte IL-10 synthesis.

1993 • 386 citations

Endotoxin, reticuloendothelial function, and liver injury

1981 • 375 citations

Role of nitric oxide in maintaining vascular integrity in endotoxin‐induced acute intestinal damage in the rat

1990 • 369 citations

The prevalence of gut translocation in humans

1994 • 366 citations

Tumor necrosis factor and endotoxin induce similar metabolic responses in human beings

1989 • 365 citations

FUNGÆMIA AND FUNGURIA AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF CANDIDA ALBICANS

1969 • 355 citations

A second large controlled clinical study of E5, a monoclonal antibody to endotoxin

1995 • 348 citations

Monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression characterizes clinical outcome in the trauma patient

1990 • 347 citations

Plasma concentrations of cytokines, their soluble receptors, and antioxidant vitamins can predict the development of multiple organ failure in patients at risk

1996 • 342 citations

Clinical significance of translocation.

1994 • 333 citations

TRIPLE REGIMEN OF SELECTIVE DECONTAMINATION OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT, SYSTEMIC CEFOTAXIME, AND MICROBIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE FOR PREVENTION OF ACQUIRED INFECTION IN INTENSIVE CARE

1988 • 319 citations

Increased Intestinal Permeability Associated With Infection in Burn Patients

1988 • 315 citations

Natural Cytokine Antagonists and Endogenous Antiendotoxin Core Antibodies in Sepsis Syndrome

1995 • 290 citations

Intestinal permeability is increased in burn patients shortly after injury.

1990 • 287 citations

Bacterial Translocation and Gram-Negative Bacteremia in Patients with Hematological Malignancies

1985 • 286 citations

Simple Intestinal Obstruction Causes Bacterial Translocation in Man

1989 • 282 citations

Effects of accidental trauma on cytokine and endotoxin production

1993 • 270 citations

An overview of mortality risk prediction in sepsis

1995 • 251 citations

Soluble complement receptor type 1 ameliorates the local and remote organ injury after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in the rat.

1992 • 247 citations

Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of selective decontamination of the digestive tract. Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract Trialists' Collaborative Group.

1993 • 244 citations

Comparison of Translocation Rates of Various Indigenous Bacteria from the Gastrointestinal Tract to the Mesenteric Lymph Node

1988 • 240 citations

Anti-Endotoxin Monoclonal Antibodies

1992 • 235 citations

ON THE ABSORPTION OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN FROM THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT OF THE NORMAL AND SHOCKED ANIMAL

1960 • 229 citations

Effect of hemorrhagic shock on bacterial translocation, intestinal morphology, and intestinal permeability in conventional and antibiotic-decontaminated rats

1990 • 222 citations

Inflammatory mediators in relation to the development of multiple organ failure in patients after severe blunt trauma

1995 • 217 citations

Hemorrhagic shock-induced bacterial translocation is reduced by xanthine oxidase inhibition or inactivation.

1988 • 207 citations

Incidence of pathogenic bacteria from mesenteric lymph nodes and ileal serosa during Crohn's disease surgery

1984 • 200 citations

Intestinal endotoxemia

1988 • 198 citations

Inflammatory Mediators, Infection, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Failure After Severe Trauma

1992 • 198 citations

Evidence for the Translocation of Enterococcus faecalis across the Mouse Intestinal Tract

1990 • 194 citations

Gastroduodenal dysfunction and bacterial colonisation of the ventilated lung

1993 • 189 citations

Transmural Migration of Intestinal Bacteria

1950 • 187 citations

Splanchnic ischaemia and its role in multiple organ failure

1994 • 166 citations

Endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation and mucosal permeability

1991 • 163 citations

Intestinal Permeability After Severe Trauma and Hemorrhagic Shock Is Increased Without Relation to Septic Complications

1993 • 159 citations

Alterations in Intestinal Permeability After Thermal Injury

1992 • 158 citations

Interferon Gamma-1b in the Treatment of Compensatory Anti-inflammatory Response Syndrome

1997 • 155 citations

Role of anaerobic flora in the translocation of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic intestinal bacteria

1987 • 155 citations

Cardiopulmonary bypass impairs small intestinal transport and increases cut permeability

1993 • 150 citations

Immunology of the intestinal tract

1993 • 142 citations

Gut ischemia/reperfusion produces lung injury independent of endotoxin

1994 • 142 citations

Selective Gut Decontamination Reduces Nosocomial Infections and Length of Stay but Not Mortality or Organ Failure in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients

1992 • 140 citations

Selective decontamination of the digestive tract: a stratified, randomized, prospective study in a mixed intensive care unit.

1991 • 138 citations

Assessment of ability of murine and human anti-lipid A monoclonal antibodies to bind and neutralize lipopolysaccharide.

1993 • 136 citations

Effects on leukocytes after injection of tumor necrosis factor into healthy humans

1992 • 135 citations

Bacterial Translocation in Trauma Patients

1991 • 135 citations

Reactive oxygen metabolites and reperfusion injury: aberrant triggering of reticuloendothelial function

1994 • 133 citations

Bacterial Translocation in Trauma Patients

1991 • 133 citations

Multiple Organ Failure

1977 • 131 citations

Increased gut permeability after multiple trauma

1994 • 131 citations

Circulating xanthine oxidase mediates lung neutrophil sequestration after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion

1992 • 130 citations

ENDOTOXÆMIA IN MAN

1972 • 129 citations

Total parenteral nutrition, bacterial translocation, and host immune function

1994 • 129 citations

Can selective digestive decontamination avoid the endotoxemia and cytokine activation promoted by cardiopulmonary bypass?

1993 • 128 citations

Selective decontamination to reduce gram-negative colonisation and infections after oesophageal resection

1990 • 128 citations

Elemental Diet and IV-TPN-Induced Bacterial Translocation Is Associated with Loss of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function Against Bacteria

1995 • 127 citations

Inhibition of Endotoxin-Induced Cytokine Release and Neutrophil Activation in Humans by Use of Recombinant Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein

1995 • 125 citations

Total parenteral nutrition-induced changes in gut mucosal function: atrophy alone is not the issue.

1992 • 125 citations

Postburn gastrointestinal vasoconstriction increases bacterial and endotoxin translocation

1993 • 124 citations

The cell in shock: the origin of multiple organ failure

1991 • 120 citations

Intestinal obstruction promotes gut translocation of bacteria

1995 • 119 citations

Endotoxin-induced ileal mucosal hyperpermeability in pigs: role of tissue acidosis

1994 • 119 citations

Bacterial Translocation and Multiple System Organ Failure in Bowel Ischemia and Reperfusion

1992 • 115 citations

T lymphocytes in host defense against bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract

1994 • 115 citations

Selective decontamination of the digestive tract reduces Gram-negative pulmonary colonization but not systemic endotoxemia in patients undergoing elective liver transplantation

1994 • 111 citations

BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION OCCURS IN HUMANS AFTER TRAUMATIC INJURY

1993 • 110 citations

Effectiveness of a Human Monoclonal Anti-Endotoxin Antibody (HA-1A) in Gram-Negative Sepsis: Relationship to Endotoxin and Cytokine Levels

1992 • 109 citations

Comparative study of cytokine release by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with Streptococcus pyogenes superantigenic erythrogenic toxins, heat-killed streptococci, and lipopolysaccharide

1994 • 107 citations

Interleukin-1 Blockade Attenuates Mediator Release and Dysregulation of the Hemostatic Mechanism During Human Sepsis

1995 • 107 citations

Increased intestinal permeability following blunt and penetrating trauma

1995 • 103 citations

Risk factors for multiple organ system failure and death in critically injured patients.

1993 • 102 citations

MECHANISMS OF ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED INTESTINAL INJURY IN A HYPERDYNAMIC MODEL OF SEPSIS

1993 • 98 citations

A Bacteriologic Study of Portal-Vein Blood in Man

1955 • 97 citations

A Mac-1 antibody reduces liver and lung injury but not neutrophil sequestration after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.

1992 • 96 citations

Alterations in Function and Phenotype of Monocytes from Patients with Septic Disease: Predictive Value and New Therapeutic Strategies

1993 • 95 citations

Evidence for the phagocytic transport of intestinal particles in dogs and rats

1988 • 87 citations

Pathogenesis of Hemorrhage-Induced Bacteria/Endotoxin Translocation in Rats Effects of Recombinant Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein

1995 • 86 citations

Bacterial overgrowth and intestinal atrophy in the etiology of gut barrier failure in the rat

1991 • 83 citations

Endotoxin: Routes of transport in experimental peritonitis

1986 • 77 citations

Effect of T Cell Modulation on the Translocation of Bacteria from the Gut and Mesenteric Lymph Node

1988 • 73 citations

Plasma endotoxin and cytokine concentrations in patients with hemorrhagic shock

1994 • 73 citations

Alterations in rat intestinal transit by morphine promote bacterial translocation

1993 • 72 citations

Endotoxemia after major vascular operations

1993 • 71 citations

Risk Factors for Multiorgan Failure

1991 • 71 citations

Cutaneous thermal injury alters macromolecular permeability of rat small intestine.

1990 • 71 citations

Macrophage Elimination Increases Bacterial Translocation and Gut-Origin Septicemia but Attenuates Symptoms and Mortality Rate in a Model of Systemic Inflammation

1993 • 70 citations

Translocation of Bacteria and Endotoxin in Organ Donors

1994 • 70 citations

Bacterial translocation in burned mice after administration of various diets including fiber- and glutamine-enriched enteral formulas

1994 • 65 citations

Inflammatory and immunologic effects of obstructive jaundice: pathogenesis and treatment.

1995 • 65 citations

Bacterial translocation following abdominal trauma in humans.

1994 • 63 citations

The Degree of Bacterial Translocation is a Determinant Factor for Mortality After Burn Injury and is Improved by Prostaglandin Analogs

1992 • 63 citations

Secretory Immunoglobulin A, Intestinal Mucin, and Mucosal Permeability in Nutritionally Induced Bacterial Translocation in Rats

1994 • 61 citations

Impairment of Pulmonary Macrphage Function with Total Parenteral Nutrition

1994 • 57 citations

Increased Gut Permeability Following Burn Trauma

1991 • 57 citations

Simulation and analysis of silicon electro-optic modulators utilizing the carrier-dispersion effect and impact-ionization mechanism

1993 • 54 citations

A CD18 antibody prevents lung injury but not hypotension after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion

1993 • 53 citations

[Bacterial translocation in Crohn disease].

1992 • 53 citations

The Effect of Endotoxin on Intestinal Mucosal Permeability to Bacteria In Vitro

1995 • 52 citations

The Role of the Mucus Gel Layer in Intestinal Bacterial Translocation

1994 • 45 citations

Elemental Diet-Induced Bacterial Translocation Can Be Hormonally Modulated

1993 • 45 citations

Effect of Total Parenteral Nutrition Plus Morphine on Bacterial Translocation in Rats

1993 • 40 citations

Observations using antiendotoxin antibody (E5) as adjuvant therapy in humans with suspected, serious, Gram-negative sepsis

1992 • 40 citations

Translocation of Bacteriophage Across the Intestinal Wall of the Rat.

1962 • 40 citations

Human pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine patterns induced by Streptococcus pyogenes erythrogenic (pyrogenic) exotoxin A and C superantigens

1996 • 40 citations

Transmural Migration of Intestinal Bacteria During Peritoneal Irrigation in Uremic Dogs.

1949 • 38 citations

Endotoxin-transport routes and kinetics in intestinal ischemia.

1985 • 37 citations

The role of endothelial cells in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple system organ failure.

1995 • 35 citations

Ueber das Vorkommen von stärkekörnern im blut und im urin.

1906 • 35 citations

Isolated pulmonary infection acts as a source of systemic tumor necrosis factor

1994 • 33 citations

Additive Effects of Thermal Injury and Infection on Gut Permeability

1994 • 32 citations

Mass-selected ion angular impact energy distributions at the powered electrode in CF4 reactive-ion etching

1993 • 30 citations

Comparison of Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Kinetics After Live Escherichia coli, Endotoxin, or Interleukin-1 α Administration Studies Using a Novel Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist

1993 • 30 citations

Effects of Anesthesia, Surgery, Fluid Resuscitation, and Endotoxin Administration on Postburn Bacterial Translocation

1991 • 26 citations

Experimental Bacteroides fragilis Bacteremia in a Primate Model

1985 • 23 citations

DIFFERENTIAL CHANGES IN INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY FOLLOWING BURN INJURY

1994 • 22 citations

Prevention of pneumonia by selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD)

1992 • 22 citations

Bacterial translocation and endotoxin transmigration in intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion

1994 • 11 citations

Evaluation of the effects of lymph drainage by a thoracic duct fistula in experimental peritonitis.

1988 • 8 citations

Effect of Chemical Irritation of the Peritoneum on Transmural Migration of Intestinal Organisms

1949 • 8 citations

Reperfusion Injury after Intestinal Ischemia

1996 • 7 citations

Ueber peritoneale Infection

1891 • 6 citations