Multiple Organ Failure Pathophysiology and Potential Future Therapy

Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals in Postischemic Tissue Injury

1985 • 5,488 citations

ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN ADULTS

1967 • 4,096 citations

Elevated Circulating Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Severe Chronic Heart Failure

1990 • 2,566 citations

Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia

1987 • 2,492 citations

Regulatory Functions of the Vascular Endothelium

1990 • 1,899 citations

Prospective Trial of Supranormal Values of Survivors as Therapeutic Goals in High-Risk Surgical Patients

1988 • 1,808 citations

Detection of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor after Endotoxin Administration

1988 • 1,711 citations

Intestinal Mucosal Lesion in Low-Flow States

1970 • 1,684 citations

Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacteremia and Septic Shock with HA-1A Human Monoclonal Antibody against Endotoxin

1991 • 1,611 citations

A Controlled Clinical Trial of High-Dose Methylprednisolone in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

1987 • 1,434 citations

Multiple-Organ Failure

1985 • 1,314 citations

CYTOKINES: COORDINATORS OF IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES

1990 • 1,304 citations

Cytokines and endothelial cell biology

1990 • 1,275 citations

Prognosis in Acute Organ-System Failure

1985 • 1,248 citations

The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock. Association between interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and fatal outcome.

1989 • 1,183 citations

ENDOTOXINS AND DISEASE MECHANISMS

1987 • 1,119 citations

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR IN SERUM AND FATAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE

1987 • 1,108 citations

Immune Interferon in the Circulation of Patients with Autoimmune Disease

1979 • 907 citations

Colonization resistance of the digestive tract in conventional and antibiotic-treated mice

1971 • 883 citations

Leukocyte adhesion to endothelium in inflammation

1990 • 882 citations

Translocation of Certain Indigenous Bacteria from the Gastrointestinal Tract to the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and Other Organs in a Gnotobiotic Mouse Model

1979 • 837 citations

TEN versus TPN following Major Abdominal Trauma—Reduced Septic Morbidity

1989 • 829 citations

Multiple Organ Failure

1999 • 820 citations

Increased plasma levels of interleukin-6 in sepsis [see comments]

1989 • 813 citations

THE ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN INFLAMMATION

1990 • 808 citations

Causes of Mortality in Patients With the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

1986 • 798 citations

Early versus delayed stabilization of femoral fractures. A prospective randomized study.

1989 • 787 citations

The cytokine network

1989 • 785 citations

Nosocomial Pneumonia in Intubated Patients Given Sucralfate as Compared with Antacids or Histamine Type 2 Blockers

1987 • 765 citations

Circulating Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Septic Shock and Experimental Endotoxin Fever

1990 • 765 citations

Multiple System Organ Failure

1980 • 751 citations

A Controlled Clinical Trial of E5 Murine Monoclonal IgM Antibody to Endotoxin in the Treatment of Gram-Negative Sepsis

1991 • 741 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleuktn-1 in the Serum of Children with Severe Infectious Purpura

1988 • 735 citations

Sepsis syndrome: a valid clinical entity. Methylprednisolone Severe Sepsis Study Group.

1989 • 709 citations

Role of neutrophils in ischemia-reperfusion-induced microvascular injury

1987 • 704 citations

The effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on colonisation and infection rate in multiple trauma patients

1984 • 694 citations

Antibodies to cachectin/tumor necrosis factor reduce interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 6 appearance during lethal bacteremia.

1989 • 651 citations

Priming of neutrophils for enhanced release of oxygen metabolites by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Evidence for increased activity of the superoxide-producing enzyme.

1984 • 612 citations

Warner-Lambert/Parke-Davis award lecture. Cytokine-mediated activation of vascular endothelium. Physiology and pathology.

1988 • 597 citations

The gut: a central organ after surgical stress.

1988 • 595 citations

Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. A new member of the interleukin 1 family.

1991 • 589 citations

The Effects of Vasodilation with Prostacyclin on Oxygen Delivery and Uptake in Critically Ill Patients

1987 • 559 citations

Cytokine appearance in human endotoxemia and primate bacteremia.

1988 • 528 citations

Glutamine Metabolism by the Intestinal Tract

1985 • 512 citations

Gut Bacterial Translocation via the Portal Vein

1991 • 494 citations

Multiple Organ Failure in Polytrauma Patients

1983 • 492 citations

Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 serum levels during severe sepsis in humans

1989 • 485 citations

The Role of Intestinal Barrier Failure and Bacterial Translocation in the Development of Systemic Infection and Multiple Organ Failure

1990 • 484 citations

Multiple, Progressive, or Sequential Systems Failure

1975 • 478 citations

Incidence of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with Multiple Musculoskeletal Injuries

1985 • 468 citations

The Process of Microbial Translocation

1990 • 442 citations

A monoclonal antibody to the adherence-promoting leukocyte glycoprotein, CD18, reduces organ injury and improves survival from hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rabbits.

1988 • 434 citations

Beneficial Effects of Aggressive Protein Feeding in Severely Burned Children

1980 • 419 citations

Mechanism of Prevention of Postburn Hypermetabolism and Catabolism by Early Enteral Feeding

1984 • 409 citations

Membrane Proteins Involved in Phagocyte Adherence to Endothelium

1990 • 407 citations

Role of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) in neutrophil-mediated lung injury in rats.

1991 • 398 citations

Pharmacologic approach to tissue injury mediated by free radicals and other reactive oxygen metabolites

1991 • 394 citations

Endotoxemia and Bacteremia During Hemorrhagic Shock The Link Between Trauma and Sepsis?

1988 • 391 citations

Oxygen-derived radicals: a link between reperfusion injury and inflammation.

1987 • 389 citations

Tumor necrosis factor and endotoxin induce similar metabolic responses in human beings

1989 • 365 citations

Hypermetabolism, organ failure, and metabolic support.

1987 • 362 citations

The Gut Origin Septic States in Blunt Multiple Trauma (ISS = 40) in the ICU

1987 • 352 citations

Catabolic Illness

1991 • 334 citations

Plasma tumor necrosis factor and mortality in critically ill septic patients

1989 • 324 citations

Increased Intestinal Permeability Associated With Infection in Burn Patients

1988 • 315 citations

A Single Dose of Endotoxin Increases Intestinal Permeability in Healthy Humans

1988 • 302 citations

Tumor necrosis factor and the acute metabolic response to tissue injury in man.

1988 • 300 citations

Bowel necrosis induced by tumor necrosis factor in rats is mediated by platelet-activating factor.

1988 • 300 citations

A recombinant human receptor antagonist to interleukin 1 improves survival after lethal endotoxemia in mice.

1991 • 298 citations

Early Osteosynthesis and Prophylactic Mechanical Ventilation in the Multitrauma Patient

1982 • 296 citations

Sequential System Failure after Rupture of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

1973 • 292 citations

Blunt Multiple Trauma (ISS 36), Femur Traction, and the Pulmonary Failure-Septic State

1985 • 289 citations

Intestinal permeability is increased in burn patients shortly after injury.

1990 • 287 citations

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum and urine of renal transplant recipients.

1988 • 265 citations

Letʼs agree on terminology

1991 • 262 citations

Effect of Oral Antibiotics and Bacterial Overgrowth on the Translocation of the GI Tract Microflora in Burned Rats

1985 • 258 citations

The serum interleukin 6 response to elective surgery.

1989 • 256 citations

The biologic characteristics of cytokines and their implication in surgical injury.

1990 • 252 citations

Alteration of Monocyte Function Following Major Injury

1988 • 250 citations

Multiple forms of IFN-beta 2/IL-6 in serum and body fluids during acute bacterial infection.

1989 • 244 citations

Survival of primates in LD100 septic shock following therapy with antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha).

1990 • 236 citations

Kinetics of Endotoxin Release During Antibiotic Therapy For Experimental Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

1984 • 235 citations

Serum cachectin/tumor necrosis factor in critically ill patients with burns correlates with infection and mortality.

1990 • 217 citations

Bacterial Translocation of the Gut Flora

1990 • 216 citations

Remote organ failure: a valid sign of occult intra-abdominal infection.

1977 • 208 citations

Hemorrhagic shock-induced bacterial translocation is reduced by xanthine oxidase inhibition or inactivation.

1988 • 207 citations

Oxygen delivery and consumption in patients with hyperdynamic septic shock

1987 • 207 citations

Raised serum levels of cachectin/tumor necrosis factor alpha in renal allograft rejection.

1987 • 206 citations

Monoclonal antibody to TN F in severe septic shock

1990 • 203 citations

The effect of anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on phorbol-ester-induced rabbit lung inflammation.

1989 • 201 citations

Whole-Body Inflammation in Trauma Patients

1988 • 193 citations

Enteral and Parenteral Feeding Influences Mortality after Hemoglobin-E. coli Peritonitis in Normal Rats

1983 • 182 citations

Effect of ibuprofen in patients with severe sepsis

1991 • 180 citations

Serial Quantitation of Endotoxemia and Bacteremia During Therapy for Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

1988 • 178 citations

Granulocytes and no-reflow phenomenon in irreversible hemorrhagic shock.

1988 • 177 citations

Inhibition of Cyclo-oxygenase Attenuates the Metabolic Response to Endotoxin in Humans

1988 • 171 citations

Enterococcal Bacteremia Clinical Implications and Determinants of Death

1982 • 171 citations

Alterations in Cellular Membrane Function During Hemorrhagic Shock in Primates

1972 • 169 citations

Food without fiber promotes bacterial translocation from the gut.

1990 • 163 citations

Inhibition of CD18-dependent neutrophil adherence reduces organ injury after hemorrhagic shock in primates.

1990 • 158 citations

Intestinal permeability is increased in burn patients shortly after injury

1990 • 156 citations

Studies of the Route, Magnitude, and Time Course of Bacterial Translocation in a Model of Systemic Inflammation

1991 • 154 citations

Immediate Enteral Feeding in Burn Patients Is Safe and Effective

1991 • 151 citations

Enteral nutrition does not prevent multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS) after sepsis.

1988 • 149 citations

Re-operation for Intra-abdominal Sepsis

1984 • 147 citations

Both Inflammatory and Endocrine Mediators Stimulate Host Responses to Sepsis

1986 • 146 citations

Inhibition of endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation in mice.

1989 • 140 citations

Effects of intraluminal infusion of short-chain fatty acids on the healing of colonic anastomosis in the rat.

1986 • 135 citations

Posttraumatic Multisystem Organ Failure

1988 • 131 citations

Dependence of oxygen consumption on cardiac output in sepsis

1987 • 124 citations

Increased levels of circulating interleukin 6 in burn patients

1990 • 121 citations

Interleukin-6 and its relation to the humoral immune response and clinical parameters in burned patients.

1991 • 121 citations

Does drainage of intraabdominal pus reverse multiple organ failure?

1985 • 119 citations

Combined effects of glutamine and epidermal growth factor on the rat intestine.

1988 • 117 citations

Intestinal Bacteria Translocate Into Experimental Intra-abdominal Abscesses

1986 • 115 citations

Experimental models of pathologic oxygen supply dependency

1991 • 113 citations

Incidence of necrotizing pancreatitis and factors related to mortality

1987 • 113 citations

Plasma tumor necrosis factor levels in patients with presumed sepsis. Results in those treated with antilipid A antibody vs placebo

1989 • 104 citations

Evaluation of APACHE II for Cost Containment and Quality Assurance

1990 • 103 citations

The Efficacy of Central Venous and Pulmonary Artery Catheters and Therapy Based Upon Them in Reducing Mortality and Morbidity

1990 • 97 citations

Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) in the biology of septic shock syndrome.

1991 • 94 citations

The Natural History of Major Burns with Multiple Subsystem Failure

1983 • 90 citations

Stimulating effect of bombesin on the growth of gastrointestinal tract and pancreas in suckling rats

1986 • 89 citations

Prevention and treatment of endotoxin and sepsis lethality with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor.

1989 • 85 citations

NALOXONE VERSUS PLACEBO IN TREATMENT OF SEPTIC SHOCK

1985 • 82 citations

Pathophysiology of the Respiratory Distress Syndrome

1974 • 80 citations

Effective organ blood flow and bioenergy status in murine peritonitis.

1986 • 74 citations

Risk Factors for Multiorgan Failure

1991 • 71 citations

Differential effects of gut hormones on pancreatic and intestinal growth during administration of an elemental diet.

1990 • 70 citations

The Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Their Selective Inhibition By Ibuprofen

1989 • 69 citations

Clinical analysis of multiple organ failure in burned patients

1987 • 67 citations

The influence of sepsis and multisystem and organ failure on mortality in the surgical intensive care unit.

1984 • 67 citations

Platelet activating factor receptor antagonist improves survival and attenuates eicosanoid release in severe endotoxemia.

1990 • 66 citations

Clinical trials of selective decontamination of the digestive tract

1990 • 63 citations

Immunomodulatory Therapy With Thymopentin and Indomethacin

1991 • 60 citations

Clinical experience with prophylactic antibiotic bowel suppression in burn patients.

1978 • 51 citations

A single dose of endotoxin activates neutrophils without activating complement.

1987 • 51 citations

Killed Escherichia coli stimulates macrophage-mediated alterations in hepatocellular function during in vitro coculture: a mechanism of altered liver function in sepsis

1985 • 51 citations

Increased expression of the interleukin 1 receptor on blood neutrophils of humans with the sepsis syndrome.

1991 • 49 citations

Nutrient modulation of inflammatory and immune function

1991 • 46 citations

Interferon-γ restores immune competence after hemorrhagic shock

1988 • 45 citations

Use of Scoring Systems to Assess Patients with Surgical Sepsis

1988 • 44 citations

Verapamil improves cardiac function and increases survival in canine E. coli endotoxin shock.

1985 • 41 citations

Human recombinant interleukin-1α protection against the lethality of endotoxin and experimental sepsis in mice

1991 • 41 citations

Effects of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Burn Patients

1991 • 40 citations

Genetic Susceptibility to Mucosal Damage Leads to Bacterial Translocation in a Murine Burn Model

1989 • 40 citations

Endotoxaemia in septic shock: Clinical and post mortem correlations

1983 • 39 citations

Non-directed relaparotomy for intra-abdominal sepsis. A futile procedure.

1986 • 37 citations

The role of intestinal flora on the interactions between nonparenchymal cells and hepatocytes in coculture

1988 • 27 citations

The Influence of Fibronectin Administration on the Incidence of Sepsis and Septic Mortality in Severely Injured Patients

1989 • 26 citations

Analysis of multiple organ system failure in trauma and nontrauma patients.

1988 • 22 citations

Bacterial Translocation Induces Procoagulant Activity in Tissue Macrophages

1991 • 20 citations

Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) in the biology of septic shock syndrome.

1991 • 17 citations

Irreversibility in hemorrhagic shock is caused by sepsis.

1989 • 10 citations