An overview of mortality risk prediction in sepsis

APACHE II-A Severity of Disease Classification System

1986 • 12,607 citations

APACHE II

1985 • 12,347 citations

A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study

1993 • 6,337 citations

A New Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) Based on a European/North American Multicenter Study

1993 • 5,263 citations

APACHE—acute physiology and chronic health evaluation: a physiologically based classification system

1981 • 2,152 citations

A simplified acute physiology score for ICU patients

1984 • 1,244 citations

Therapeutic intervention scoring system

1974 • 1,203 citations

The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock. Association between interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and fatal outcome.

1989 • 1,183 citations

Plasma Cytokine and Endotoxin Levels Correlate with Survival in Patients with the Sepsis Syndrome

1993 • 1,068 citations

The Role of Interleukin-1 in Disease

1993 • 967 citations

Recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome. Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phase III rhIL-1ra Sepsis Syndrome Study Group

1994 • 920 citations

Increased plasma levels of interleukin-6 in sepsis [see comments]

1989 • 813 citations

Circulating Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Septic Shock and Experimental Endotoxin Fever

1990 • 765 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleuktn-1 in the Serum of Children with Severe Infectious Purpura

1988 • 735 citations

Recombinant Human Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist in the Treatment of Patients With Sepsis Syndrome

1994 • 714 citations

Sepsis syndrome: a valid clinical entity. Methylprednisolone Severe Sepsis Study Group.

1989 • 709 citations

Endotoxemia in Human Septic Shock

1991 • 656 citations

Prognostic Values of Tumor Necrosis Factor/Cachectin, Interleukin-l, Interferon- , and Interferon- in the Serum of Patients with Septic Shock

1990 • 555 citations

B cell stimulating factor 2/interleukin 6 is a costimulant for human thymocytes and T lymphocytes.

1988 • 537 citations

Antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: Outcome correlations in a prospective study of 200 patients

1989 • 536 citations

Sepsis syndrome

1989 • 523 citations

Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 serum levels during severe sepsis in humans

1989 • 485 citations

High circulating levels of interleukin-6 in patients with septic shock: Evolution during sepsis, prognostic value, and interplay with other cytokines

1991 • 446 citations

The grading of sepsis

1983 • 381 citations

Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor in Patients with Septic Shock: Mortality Rate, Incidence of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Effects of Methylprednisolone Administration

1990 • 335 citations

Plasma tumor necrosis factor and mortality in critically ill septic patients

1989 • 324 citations

A method for predicting survival and mortality of ICU patients using objectively derived weights

1985 • 324 citations

Characterization of intensive care unit patients using a model based on the presence or absence of organ dysfunctions and/or infection: The ODIN model

1993 • 311 citations

Prospective Study of 114 Consecutive Episodes of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

1987 • 300 citations

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum and urine of renal transplant recipients.

1988 • 265 citations

The serum interleukin 6 response to elective surgery.

1989 • 256 citations

Synthesis and secretion of multiple forms of beta 2-interferon/B-cell differentiation factor 2/hepatocyte-stimulating factor by human fibroblasts and monocytes.

1988 • 254 citations

Multiple forms of IFN-beta 2/IL-6 in serum and body fluids during acute bacterial infection.

1989 • 244 citations

Short-Rerm Mortality Predictions for Critically Ill Hospitalized Adults: Science and Ethics

1991 • 242 citations

A Simple Multiple System Organ Failure Scoring System Predicts Mortality of Patients Who Have Sepsis Syndrome

1993 • 203 citations

Surgical Infection Stratification System for Intra-abdominal Infection

1985 • 202 citations

The Clinical Evaluation of New Drugs for Sepsis

1993 • 202 citations

Scheduled Reoperations (Etappenlavage) for Diffuse Peritonitis

1986 • 189 citations

Daily prognostic estimates for critically ill adults in intensive care units

1994 • 182 citations

Dissociation between plasma and monocyte‐associated cytokines during sepsis

1991 • 158 citations

Gauging the Severity of Surgical Sepsis

1983 • 154 citations

Does prediction of outcome alter patient management?

1993 • 142 citations

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia: Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Factors Influencing the Prognosis in 133 Episodes

1988 • 141 citations

Nosocomial Bacteremia in a Large Spanish Teaching Hospital: Analysis of Factors Influencing Prognosis

1988 • 141 citations

Proposed definitions for diagnosis, severity scoring, stratification, and outcome for trials on intraabdominal infection

1990 • 133 citations

Increased levels of circulating interleukin 6 in burn patients

1990 • 121 citations

Biological variation in the development of sepsis after surgery or trauma

1993 • 119 citations

Bacteremia Due to Staphylococcus epldermidis: Microbiologic, Epidemiologic, Clinical, and Prognostic Features

1990 • 115 citations

Enterococcal bacteremia in two large community teaching hospitals

1986 • 114 citations

Nosocomial Bacteremia Due to Enterococcus faecalis without Endocarditis

1992 • 112 citations

Effectiveness of a Human Monoclonal Anti-Endotoxin Antibody (HA-1A) in Gram-Negative Sepsis: Relationship to Endotoxin and Cytokine Levels

1992 • 109 citations

Plasma tumor necrosis factor levels in patients with presumed sepsis. Results in those treated with antilipid A antibody vs placebo

1989 • 104 citations

Cost-effectiveness of Monoclonal Antibodies to Gram-negative Endotoxin in the Treatment of Gram-negative Sepsis in ICU Patients

1993 • 100 citations

Enterococcal Bacteremia: To Treat or Not to Treat, a Reappraisal

1991 • 97 citations

A comparison of methods to predict mortality of intensive care unit patients

1987 • 97 citations

Cost-effectiveness of HA-1A Monoclonal Antibody for Gram-Negative Sepsis

1991 • 96 citations

Klebsiella Bacteremia: An Analysis of 100 Episodes

1985 • 95 citations

Use of daily Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores to predict individual patient survival rate

1994 • 89 citations

Predicting Outcome after ICU Admission

1992 • 88 citations

Factors Influencing Prognosis in Bacteremia Due to Gram-Negative Organisms: Evaluation of 448 Episodes in a Turkish University Hospital

1992 • 83 citations

Endotoxin concentration in neutropenic patients with suspected gram-negative sepsis: correlation with clinical outcome and determination of anti-endotoxin core antibodies during therapy with polyclonal immunoglobulin M-enriched immunoglobulins

1992 • 81 citations

Improving intensive care unit discharge decisions

1994 • 75 citations

Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor Levels in Patients With Presumed Sepsis

1989 • 74 citations

Polymicrobial Bacteremia in the Late 1980s: Predictors of Outcome and Review of the Literature

1990 • 71 citations

Pseudomonas Bacteremia in a Community Teaching Hospital, 1980-1984

1989 • 70 citations

Sepsis Score and Acute-Phase Protein Response as Predictors of Outcome in Septic Surgical Patients

1987 • 68 citations

Polymicrobial Bacteremia in the Late 1980s: Predictors of Outcome and Review of the Literature

1990 • 66 citations

Hemodynamic responses to Gram-positive versus Gram-negative sepsis in critically ill patients with and without circulatory shock

1991 • 60 citations

An outcome predictive score for sepsis and death following injury

1988 • 59 citations

Severity of Illness in Intra-abdominal Infection

1985 • 55 citations

Enterobacter bacteremia. An analysis of 50 episodes

1985 • 44 citations

Use of Scoring Systems to Assess Patients with Surgical Sepsis

1988 • 44 citations

Objective, quantitative measurement of severity of illness in critically ill patients

1984 • 42 citations

Appearance of hybridoma growth factor/interleukin-6 in the serum of mice bearing a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma

1988 • 40 citations

Risk Factors for Mortality Due to Bacteremia and Fungemia in Childhood

1992 • 39 citations

A novel score for predicting the mortality of septic shock patients

1992 • 39 citations

Assigning priority to patients requiring coronary revascularization: consensus principles from a panel of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons.

1991 • 37 citations

Comparison of disease severity scoring systems in septic shock

1991 • 34 citations

Sepsis Score and Complement Factor B for Monitoring Severely Septic Surgical Patients and for Predicting Their Survival

1985 • 32 citations

Pediatric critical care cost containment

1991 • 31 citations

The Baltimore Sepsis Scale: measurement of sepsis in patients with burns using a new scoring system.

1991 • 30 citations

The Baltimore Sepsis Scale

1991 • 27 citations

Enterobacter Bacteremia

1985 • 24 citations

The relationship of scoring systems and mortality in the surgical intensive care unit.

1987 • 7 citations