The GDNF/RET signaling pathway and human diseases

Germ-line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A

1993 • 1,941 citations

Defects in the kidney and enteric nervous system of mice lacking the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret

1994 • 1,589 citations

Regulation of Cell Fate Decision of Undifferentiated Spermatogonia by GDNF

2000 • 1,333 citations

Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with MEN 2A and FMTC

1993 • 1,273 citations

Renal and neuronal abnormalities in mice lacking GDNF

1996 • 1,260 citations

Renal agenesis and the absence of enteric neurons in mice lacking GDNF

1996 • 1,208 citations

GDNF–Induced Activation of the Ret Protein Tyrosine Kinase Is Mediated by GDNFR-α, a Novel Receptor for GDNF

1996 • 1,170 citations

Defects in enteric innervation and kidney development in mice lacking GDNF

1996 • 1,169 citations

A mutation in the RET proto-oncogene associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma

1994 • 1,140 citations

Characterization of a multicomponent receptor for GDNF

1996 • 1,086 citations

PTC is a novel rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene and is frequently detected in vivo in human thyroid papillary carcinomas

1990 • 949 citations

Catalytic specificity of protein-tyrosine kinases is critical for selective signalling

1995 • 929 citations

Expression of the c-ret proto-oncogene during mouse embryogenesis

1993 • 831 citations

Activation of RET as a Dominant Transforming Gene by Germline Mutations of MEN2A and MEN2B

1995 • 826 citations

GDNF signalling through the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase

1996 • 809 citations

Activation of a novel human transforming gene, ret, by DNA rearrangement

1985 • 796 citations

Functional receptor for GDNF encoded by the c-ret proto-oncogene

1996 • 795 citations

Mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease

1994 • 751 citations

Neurturin, a relative of glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor

1996 • 711 citations

Point mutations affecting the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease

1994 • 702 citations

Distinct pattern of ret oncogene rearrangements in morphological variants of radiation-induced and sporadic thyroid papillary carcinomas in children.

1997 • 638 citations

A Distinct Subgroup of Small DRG Cells Express GDNF Receptor Components and GDNF Is Protective for These Neurons after Nerve Injury

1998 • 617 citations

Single missense mutation in the tyrosine kinasecatalytic domain of the RET protooncogene is associated with multiple endocrineneoplasia type 2B.

1994 • 591 citations

Artemin, a Novel Member of the GDNF Ligand Family, Supports Peripheral and Central Neurons and Signals through the GFRα3–RET Receptor Complex

1998 • 578 citations

GFRα1 Is an Essential Receptor Component for GDNF in the Developing Nervous System and Kidney

1998 • 550 citations

Persephin, a Novel Neurotrophic Factor Related to GDNF and Neurturin

1998 • 499 citations

Complementary and Overlapping Expression of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF), c-ret Proto-Oncogene, and GDNF Receptor-α Indicates Multiple Mechanisms of Trophic Actions in the Adult Rat CNS

1997 • 494 citations

GFRα1-Deficient Mice Have Deficits in the Enteric Nervous System and Kidneys

1998 • 463 citations

Cloning and expression of the ret proto-oncogene encoding a tyrosine kinase with two potential transmembrane domains.

1988 • 434 citations

Common origin and developmental dependence on c-ret of subsets of enteric and sympathetic neuroblasts

1996 • 409 citations

A GPI-linked protein that interacts with Ret to form a candidate neurturin receptor

1997 • 397 citations

Ret oncogene activation in human thyroid neoplasms is restricted to the papillary cancer subtype.

1992 • 391 citations

TrnR2, a Novel Receptor That Mediates Neurturin and GDNF Signaling through Ret

1997 • 357 citations

ret transforming gene encodes a fusion protein homologous to tyrosine kinases.

1987 • 346 citations

High prevalence of activating ret proto-oncogene rearrangements, in thyroid tumors from patients who had received external radiation

1997 • 342 citations

Mechanism of Activation of the ret Proto-oncogene by Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2A Mutations

1995 • 336 citations

RET Proto-Oncogene in the Development of Human Cancer

1999 • 333 citations

Gene Targeting Reveals a Critical Role for Neurturin in the Development and Maintenance of Enteric, Sensory, and Parasympathetic Neurons

1999 • 326 citations

Ret-dependent and -independent Mechanisms of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in Neuronal Cells

1999 • 322 citations

Diversity of RET proto-oncogene mutations in familial and sporadic Hirschsprung disease

1995 • 311 citations

High prevalence of RET rearrangement in thyroid tumors of children from Belarus after the Chernobyl reactor accident.

1995 • 311 citations

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent RET activation can be mediated by two different cell-surface accessory proteins

1997 • 302 citations

Neurturin responsiveness requires a GPI-linked receptor and the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase

1997 • 300 citations

The RET proto-oncogene in human cancers

2000 • 295 citations

Released GFRα1 Potentiates Downstream Signaling, Neuronal Survival, and Differentiation via a Novel Mechanism of Recruitment of c-Ret to Lipid Rafts

2001 • 289 citations

Retarded Growth and Deficits in the Enteric and Parasympathetic Nervous System in Mice Lacking GFRα2, a Functional Neurturin Receptor

1999 • 283 citations

Oncogenic rearrangements of the RET proto-oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinomas from children exposed to the Chernobyl nuclear accident.

1995 • 276 citations

Signaling Complexes and Protein-Protein Interactions Involved in the Activation of the Ras and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathways by the c-Ret Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

2000 • 252 citations

High Prevalence of RET/PTC Rearrangements in Ukrainian and Belarussian Post-Chernobyl Thyroid Papillary Carcinomas: A Strong Correlation between RET/PTC3 and the Solid-Follicular Variant1

1999 • 250 citations

Diverse phenotypes associated with exon 10 mutations of the RET proto-oncogene

1994 • 246 citations

Developmentally regulated expression of a human "finger"-containing gene encoded by the 5' half of the ret transforming gene.

1988 • 246 citations

Mutation analysis of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase in Hirschsprung disease

1995 • 243 citations

A New Hot Spot for Mutations in theretProtooncogene Causing Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A¹

1998 • 234 citations

The ret proto-oncogene is consistently expressed in human pheochromocytomas and thyroid medullary carcinomas.

1990 • 233 citations

The RET proto-oncogene induces apoptosis: a novel mechanism for Hirschsprung disease

2000 • 233 citations

GFRα-2 and GFRα-3 Are Two New Receptors for Ligands of the GDNF Family

1997 • 229 citations

Neurturin shares receptors and signal transduction pathways with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in sympathetic neurons

1997 • 226 citations

Spatial and temporal expression of the ret proto-oncogene product in embryonic, infant and adult rat tissues.

1995 • 226 citations

Characterization of intracellular signals via tyrosine 1062 in RET activated by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

2000 • 222 citations

Transforming Ability of MEN2A-RET Requires Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT Signaling Pathway

2000 • 219 citations

Loss of function effect of RET mutations causing Hirschsprung disease

1995 • 218 citations

The Full Oncogenic Activity of Ret/ptc2 Depends on Tyrosine 539, a Docking Site for Phospholipase Cγ

1996 • 199 citations

Human ret proto-oncogene mapped to chromosome 10q11.2.

1989 • 189 citations

Multiple GPI-Anchored Receptors Control GDNF-Dependent and Independent Activation of the c-Ret Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

1998 • 188 citations

A Mutation at Tyrosine 1062 in MEN2A-Ret and MEN2B-Ret Impairs Their Transforming Activity and Association with Shc Adaptor Proteins

1996 • 188 citations

Characterization of ret proto-oncogene mRNAs encoding two isoforms of the protein product in a human neuroblastoma cell line.

1990 • 181 citations

Endothelin receptor-mediated signaling in hirschsprung disease.

1996 • 177 citations

GDNF triggers a novel Ret‐independent Src kinase family‐coupled signaling via a GPI‐linked GDNF receptor α1

1999 • 175 citations

Receptors of the Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family of Neurotrophic Factors Signal Cell Survival through the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway in Spinal Cord Motoneurons

1999 • 173 citations

Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Signals through the RET Receptor and Activates Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase

1996 • 168 citations

In vitro irradiation is able to cause RET oncogene rearrangement.

1993 • 161 citations

GFRα-4 and the tyrosine kinase Ret form a functional receptor complex for persephin

1998 • 156 citations

Characterization of RET proto-oncogene 3' splicing variants and polyadenylation sites: a novel C-terminus for RET.

1995 • 156 citations

cDNA cloning of mouse ret proto-oncogene and its sequence similarity to the cadherin superfamily.

1993 • 155 citations

Expression and regulation of GFRα3, a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor

1998 • 150 citations

A New Hot Spot for Mutations in the ret Protooncogene Causing Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A

1998 • 145 citations

C-cell hyperplasia, pheochromocytoma and sympathoadrenal malformation in a mouse model of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B

2000 • 143 citations

Two Germline Missense Mutations at Codons 804 and 806 of the RET Proto‐oncogene in the Same Allele in a Patient with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B without Codon 918 Mutation

1999 • 141 citations

The Ret Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase Associates with the SH2-containing Adapter Protein Grb10

1995 • 140 citations

Distinct frequency ofret rearrangements in papillary thyroid carcinomas of children and adults from Belarus

1999 • 140 citations

Biological properties of Ret with cysteine mutations correlate with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and Hirschsprung's disease phenotype.

1997 • 138 citations

Detection of the PTC/retTPC oncogene in human thyroid cancers.

1992 • 134 citations

Development of medullary thyroid carcinoma in transgenic mice expressing the RET protooncogene altered by a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A mutation

1997 • 134 citations

GFRα3 is an orphan member of the GDNF/neurturin/persephin receptor family

1998 • 132 citations

Molecular heterogeneity of RET loss of function in Hirschsprung's disease.

1996 • 132 citations

Signalling of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase through the c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinases (JNKs): evidence for a divergence of the ERKs and JNKs pathways induced by Ret

1998 • 130 citations

Isolation of ret proto-oncogene cDNA with an amino-terminal signal sequence.

1989 • 130 citations

Gene rearrangement and Chernobyl related thyroid cancers

2000 • 130 citations

RET activation by germline MEN2A and MEN2B mutations.

1995 • 130 citations

GFRα3, a Component of the Artemin Receptor, Is Required for Migration and Survival of the Superior Cervical Ganglion

1999 • 129 citations

Detection of retTPC/PTC transcripts in thyroid adenomas and adenomatous goiter by an RT-PCR method.

1991 • 127 citations

RET alternate splicing influences the interaction of activated RET with the SH2 and PTB domains of Shc, and the SH2 domain of Grb2

1997 • 123 citations

Developmental expression of the RET protooncogene.

1994 • 119 citations

Biological and biochemical properties of Ret with kinase domain mutations identified in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma

1999 • 118 citations

Identification of Shc docking site on Ret tyrosine kinase

1997 • 117 citations

Identification of tyrosine residues that are essential for transforming activity of the ret proto-oncogene with MEN2A or MEN2B mutation.

1996 • 112 citations

Low rate of ret proto-oncogene activation (PTC/retTPC) in papillary thyroid carcinomas from saudi arabia

1994 • 111 citations

Low Frequency of Rearrangements of the ret and trk Proto‐oncogenes in Japanese Thyroid Papillary Carcinomas

1992 • 109 citations

Preferential induction of RET/PTC1 rearrangement by X-ray irradiation

2000 • 109 citations

Dual effect on the RET receptor of MEN 2 mutations affecting specific extracytoplasmic cysteines

1998 • 108 citations

Identification of SNT/FRS2 docking site on RET receptor tyrosine kinase and its role for signal transduction

2001 • 107 citations

Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Induces Ret-mediated Lamellipodia Formation

1997 • 106 citations

Human Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptor α4 Is the Receptor for Persephin and Is Predominantly Expressed in Normal and Malignant Thyroid Medullary Cells

2001 • 105 citations

Identification and Characterization of GFRα-3, a Novel Co-receptor Belonging to the Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Receptor Family

1998 • 105 citations

Various mechanisms cause RET-mediated signaling defects in Hirschsprung's disease.

1998 • 104 citations

Hirschsprung Disease in MEN 2A: Increased Spectrum of RET Exon 10 Genotypes and Strong Genotype--Phenotype Correlation

1998 • 104 citations

Grb2 binding to the different isoforms of Ret tyrosine kinase

1998 • 100 citations

Identification of the ret proto-oncogene products in neuroblastoma and leukemia cells.

1991 • 99 citations

Mechanism of ret dysfunction by Hirschsprung mutations affecting its extracellular domain

1996 • 99 citations

Oncogenic activation of RET by two distinct FMTC mutations affecting the tyrosine kinase domain

1997 • 97 citations

Enhanced Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activity and High Phosphorylation State of Its Downstream Signalling Molecules Mediated by Ret with the MEN 2B Mutation

1999 • 96 citations

Shc and Enigma Are Both Required for Mitogenic Signaling by Ret/ptc2

1998 • 96 citations

Tyrosine 1062 of RET-MEN2A mediates activation of Akt (protein kinase B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways leading to PC12 cell survival.

2000 • 95 citations

Cloning, mRNA distribution and chromosomal localisation of the gene for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor beta, a homologue to GDNFR-alpha

1997 • 94 citations

GFRα-4, a New GDNF Family Receptor

1998 • 94 citations

Specific expression of the ret proto-oncogene in human neuroblastoma cell lines.

1990 • 93 citations

Distinct biological properties of two RET isoforms activated by MEN 2A and MEN 2B mutations

1997 • 90 citations

The different RET-activating capability of mutations of cysteine 620 or cysteine 634 correlates with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 disease phenotype.

1997 • 90 citations

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B mutation in human RET oncogene induces medullary thyroid carcinoma in transgenic mice

2000 • 82 citations

A Novel 9-Base Pair Duplication in RET Exon 8 in Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma1

1999 • 80 citations

Rho-dependent and -independent tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, paxillin and p130Cas mediated by Ret kinase

1999 • 78 citations

Translocation t(10;14)(q11.2:q22.1) fusing the kinetin to the RET gene creates a novel rearranged form (PTC8) of the RET proto-oncogene in radiation-induced childhood papillary thyroid carcinoma.

2000 • 77 citations

The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B point mutation switches the specificity of the Ret tyrosine kinase towards cellular substrates that are susceptible to interact with Crk and Nck

1997 • 73 citations

Functional Analysis of RET With Hirschsprung Mutations Affecting Its Kinase Domain

2001 • 71 citations

Calcium-dependent Ret activation by GDNF and neurturin

1998 • 70 citations

Molecular cloning, expression and tissue distribution of glial‐cell‐line‐derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α‐3 (GFRα‐3)

1998 • 68 citations

The Men II Syndromes and the Role of the ret Proto-oncogene

1996 • 68 citations

Signal Transduction by the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ret

1998 • 67 citations

Characterization of Ret-Shc-Grb2 Complex Induced by GDNF, MEN 2A, and MEN 2B Mutations

1997 • 67 citations

A Two-Hit Model for Development of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B by RET Mutations

2000 • 67 citations

Signaling through Ras Is Essential for retOncogene-induced Cell Differentiation in PC12 Cells

2000 • 66 citations

Detection of the PTC/retTPC oncogene in human thyroid cancers.

1992 • 65 citations

Tissue-specific carcinogenesis in transgenic mice expressing the RET proto-oncogene with a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A mutation.

2000 • 64 citations

A novel type of RET rearrangement (PTC8) in childhood papillary thyroid carcinomas and characterization of the involved gene (RFG8).

2000 • 63 citations

Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by RET Oncoproteins in PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells

1998 • 62 citations

Mammalian GFRα-4, a Divergent Member of the GFRα Family of Coreceptors for Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Ligands, Is a Receptor for the Neurotrophic Factor Persephin

2000 • 61 citations

Mutations in the Extracellular Domain Cause RET Loss of Function by a Dominant Negative Mechanism

1998 • 60 citations

A duplication of 12 bp in the critical cysteine rich domain of the RET proto-oncogene results in a distinct phenotype of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A

1997 • 60 citations

Two distinct mutations of the RET receptor causing Hirschsprung's disease impair the binding of signalling effectors to a multifunctional docking site

1999 • 57 citations

Ret receptor tyrosine kinase activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 in SK-N-MC cells.

1995 • 54 citations

Co-segregation of MEN2 and Hirschsprung's disease: The same mutation ofRET with both gain and loss-of-function?

1999 • 52 citations

Activation of BMK1 via Tyrosine 1062 in RET by GDNF and MEN2A Mutation

2001 • 50 citations

Ret-mediated mitogenesis requires Src kinase activity.

1999 • 49 citations

Duplication of 9 base pairs in the critical cysteine-rich domain of the RET proto-oncogene causes multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A

1998 • 46 citations

Ganglioneuromas and renal anomalies are induced by activated RETMEN2B in transgenic mice

1999 • 45 citations

The Role of Amino Acids Surrounding Tyrosine 1062 in Ret in Specific Binding of the Shc Phosphotyrosine-Binding Domain1

1999 • 45 citations

A Novel 9-Base Pair Duplication in RET Exon 8 in Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

1999 • 43 citations

Differential Effects of Leukocyte Common Antigen-related Protein on Biochemical and Biological Activities of RET-MEN2A and RET-MEN2B Mutant Proteins

2001 • 40 citations

Differential signaling of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cultured ventral mesencephalic neurons

1999 • 37 citations

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis ofGFRα-3,a Novel cDNA Related toGDNFRαandNTNRα

1998 • 35 citations

Sympathoadrenal Hyperplasia Causes Renal Malformations in RetMEN2B-Transgenic Mice

1999 • 23 citations

A mutation in the RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease affects the tyrosine kinase activity associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and 2B

1996 • 13 citations