Agouti-Related Peptide and MC3/4 Receptor Agonists Both Inhibit Excitatory Hypothalamic Ventromedial Nucleus Neurons

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1997 • 2,992 citations

Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus

2001 • 2,288 citations

Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome

1997 • 1,891 citations

Antagonism of Central Melanocortin Receptors in Vitro and in Vivo by Agouti-Related Protein

1997 • 1,835 citations

Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system

2005 • 1,511 citations

The Expression of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters Defines Two Classes of Excitatory Synapse

2001 • 1,218 citations

From Lesions to Leptin

1999 • 1,165 citations

Coexpression of Agrp and NPY in fasting-activated hypothalamic neurons

1998 • 1,136 citations

NPY/AgRP Neurons Are Essential for Feeding in Adult Mice but Can Be Ablated in Neonates

2005 • 1,057 citations

Obesity in the mouse model of pro-opiomelanocortin deficiency responds to peripheral melanocortin

1999 • 1,000 citations

Leptin Differentially Regulates NPY and POMC Neurons Projecting to the Lateral Hypothalamic Area

1999 • 909 citations

Melanocortin-4 receptor mutations are a frequent and heterogeneous cause of morbid obesity

2000 • 896 citations

Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass

2000 • 878 citations

The neuropeptide Y/agouti gene-related protein (AGRP) brain circuitry in normal, anorectic, and monosodium glutamate-treated mice

1998 • 802 citations

Dominant and recessive inheritance of morbid obesity associated with melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency

2000 • 795 citations

Leptin Directly Activates SF1 Neurons in the VMH, and This Action by Leptin Is Required for Normal Body-Weight Homeostasis

2006 • 747 citations

Agouti-related peptide–expressing neurons are mandatory for feeding

2005 • 738 citations

Identification of a receptor for gamma melanotropin and other proopiomelanocortin peptides in the hypothalamus and limbic system.

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A Unique Metalolic Sysdrone Causes Obesity in the Melanocortin-3 Receptor-Deficient Mouse

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The physiology of motivation.

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Orexigenic Action of Peripheral Ghrelin Is Mediated by Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-Related Protein

2004 • 662 citations

Integration of NPY, AGRP, and Melanocortin Signals in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus

1999 • 603 citations

A C-Terminal Fragment of Agouti-Related Protein Increases Feeding and Antagonizes the Effect of Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormonein Vivo

1998 • 555 citations

Expression of melanocortin 4 receptor mRNA in the central nervous system of the rat

2003 • 553 citations

Glutamate, the Dominant Excitatory Transmitter in Neuroendocrine Regulation

1990 • 540 citations

Proopiomelanocortin Processing in the Pituitary, Central Nervous System, and Peripheral Tissues

1988 • 535 citations

The melanocortin receptors: agonists, antagonists, and the hormonal control of pigmentation.

1996 • 513 citations

The rise, fall, and resurrection of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight

2006 • 479 citations

MECHANISM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY IN ANIMALS WITH HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS

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Vesicular Glutamate Transporters 1 and 2 Target to Functionally Distinct Synaptic Release Sites

2004 • 468 citations

The Catabolic Action of Insulin in the Brain Is Mediated by Melanocortins

2002 • 406 citations

AgRP(83–132) Acts as an Inverse Agonist on the Human-Melanocortin-4 Receptor

2001 • 375 citations

Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter

2003 • 362 citations

The Central Melanocortin System and Energy Homeostasis

1999 • 349 citations

Cyclic lactam .alpha.-melanotropin analogs of Ac-Nle4-cyclo[Asp5,D-Phe7,Lys10]-.alpha.-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-(4-10)-NH2 with bulky aromatic amino acids at position 7 show high antagonist potency and selectivity at specific melanocortin receptors

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Physiological and Molecular Characteristics of Rat Hypothalamic Ventromedial Nucleus Glucosensing Neurons

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Identification of proopiomelanocortin neurones in rat hypothalamus by in situ cDNA-mRNA hybridization

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Multiple Ca2+ channel types coexist to regulate synaptosomal neurotransmitter release.

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Alternative sulfonylurea receptor expression defines metabolic sensitivity of K-ATP channels in dopaminergic midbrain neurons

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Agouti-related protein functions as an inverse agonist at a constitutively active brain melanocortin-4 receptor

2001 • 248 citations

Distribution of vesicular glutamate transporter mRNA in rat hypothalamus

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ACTH-(1–24) and α-MSH antagonize feeding behavior stimulated by kappa opiate agonists

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Role of the melanocortin-4 receptor in metabolic rate and food intake in mice.

2000 • 240 citations

Postembryonic ablation of AgRP neurons in mice leads to a lean, hypophagic phenotype

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Characterization of the Neuroanatomical Distribution of Agouti-Related Protein Immunoreactivity in the Rhesus Monkey and the Rat*

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ART (Protein Product of Agouti-Related Transcript) as an Antagonist of MC-3 and MC-4 Receptors

1997 • 217 citations

The melanocortin receptors: Lessons from knockout models

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AgRP(83-132) Acts as an Inverse Agonist on the Human-Melanocortin-4 Receptor

2001 • 197 citations

Behavioral effects of α-MSH and MCH after central administration in the female rat

1996 • 194 citations

Histochemical Localization of Nitric Oxide Neurons in the Hypothalamus: Association with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons and Co-Localization with N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors

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The organization of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus.

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Neuropeptide Y Inhibits Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons by Multiple Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Mechanisms: Tonic Depression of the Hypothalamic Arousal System

2004 • 175 citations

A C-Terminal Fragment of Agouti-Related Protein Increases Feeding and Antagonizes the Effect of Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone in Vivo

1998 • 163 citations

Interaction of dual intracellular signaling pathways activated by the melanocortin-3 receptor.

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The organization of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

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A Unique Metalolic Sysdrone Causes Obesity in the Melanocortin-3 Receptor-Deficient Mouse

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Suramin analogues as subtype-selective G protein inhibitors.

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Altered energy balance causes selective changes in melanocortin-4(MC4-R), but not melanocortin-3 (MC3-R), receptors in specific hypothalamic regions: further evidence that activation of MC4-R is a physiological inhibitor of feeding.

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Prefrontal Cortex–Projecting Glutamatergic Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus-Excited by Hypocretin: A Feedforward Circuit That May Enhance Cognitive Arousal

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The Regulation of Body Weight

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Plasma membrane and vesicular glutamate transporter mRNAs/proteins in hypothalamic neurons that regulate body weight

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Inhibition of receptor/G protein coupling by suramin analogues.

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Altered responses to orexigenic (AGRP, MCH) and anorexigenic (α‐MSH, CART) neuropeptides of paraventricular hypothalamic neurons in early postnatally overfed rats

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Mechanisms of Neuropeptide Y, Peptide YY, and Pancreatic Polypeptide Inhibition of Identified Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing GABA Neurons in the Hypothalamic Neuroendocrine Arcuate Nucleus

2005 • 119 citations

Effects of neuropeptide Y deficiency on hypothalamic agouti-related protein expression and responsiveness to melanocortin analogues

1999 • 118 citations

<scp>d</scp>-Amino Acid Scan of γ-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone: Importance of Trp⁸ on Human MC3 Receptor Selectivity

2000 • 117 citations

Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor mRNA in rodent brain: Distribution and colocalization with melanocortin-4 receptor

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Involvement of melanocortin-4 receptor in anxiety and depression

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Certain ventromedial hypothalamic afferents

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Melanocortin‐3 Receptor mRNA Expression in Pro‐Opiomelanocortin Neurones of the Rat Arcuate Nucleus

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Central injection in rats of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analog: effects on food intake and brain Fos

1998 • 88 citations

Characterization of the Neuroanatomical Distribution of Agouti-Related Protein Immunoreactivity in the Rhesus Monkey and the Rat

1999 • 85 citations

Electrophysiological properties and glucose responsiveness of guinea‐pig ventromedial hypothalamic neurones in vitro.

1986 • 83 citations

Inverse agonist activity of agouti and agouti-related protein

2003 • 81 citations

α₂‐Adrenoreceptor activation inhibits LTP and LTD in the basolateral amygdala: involvement of G_i/o‐protein‐mediated modulation of Ca²⁺‐channels and inwardly rectifying K⁺‐channels in LTD

2003 • 80 citations

Effects of cholecystokinin and related peptides on neuronal activity in the ventromedial nucleus of the rat hypothalamus

1988 • 76 citations

Melanocortin-4 receptors, β-MSH and leptin: Key elements in the satiety pathway

2005 • 60 citations

Potent and Selective Peptide Agonists of α-Melanotropin Action at Human Melanocortin Receptor 4: Their Synthesis and Biological Evaluation in Vitro

2001 • 58 citations

Ethanol Triggers Neural Crest Apoptosis through the Selective Activation of a Pertussis Toxin–Sensitive G Protein and a Phospholipase Cβ–Dependent Ca²⁺ Transient

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An excitatory amino acid projection from ventromedial hypothalamus to periaqueductal gray in the rat: Autoradiographic and electrophysiological evidence

1988 • 54 citations

Melanocortins and agouti‐related protein modulate the excitability of two arcuate nucleus neuron populations by alteration of resting potassium conductances

2006 • 53 citations

Distribution of prodynorphin mRNA and its interaction with the NPY system in the mouse brain

2006 • 52 citations

Food conversion is transiently affected during 4-week chronic administration of melanocortin agonist and antagonist in rats

2002 • 46 citations

Differential regulation of cAMP‐mediated gene transcription and ligand selectivity by MC3R and MC4R melanocortin receptors

2001 • 45 citations

MCL0042: A nonpeptidic MC4 receptor antagonist and serotonin reuptake inhibitor with anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activity

2005 • 42 citations

The Role of the Melanocortin‐3 Receptor in Cachexia

2003 • 37 citations

a-MSH enhances activity-based anorexia

2005 • 36 citations

In the ventromedial nucleus of the rat hypothalamus, GABA-immunolabeled neurons are abundant and are innervated by both enkephalin- and GABA-immunolabeled axon terminals

1999 • 31 citations

Agouti-related protein: More than a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist?

2005 • 31 citations

NMDA receptors mediate feeding elicited by neuropeptide Y in the lateral and perifornical hypothalamus

2005 • 29 citations

Expression of Multidrug Resistance Proteins (Mrps) in Astrocytes of the Mouse Brain: A Single Cell RT-PCR Study

2005 • 29 citations

Neurotrophin‐3 potentiates excitatory GABAergic synaptic transmission in cultured developing hypothalamic neurones of the rat

1999 • 26 citations

Electrophysiological effects of melanocortin receptor ligands on neuronal activities of monoaminergic neurons in rats

2003 • 26 citations

Differential response to NPY of PVH and dopamine-responsive VMH neurons in overweight rats

2002 • 26 citations

Engineering the Melanocortin‐4 Receptor to Control G_s Signaling in Vivo

2003 • 25 citations

Melanocortin receptor agonists and antagonists modulate nociceptive sensitivity in the mouse formalin test

2003 • 25 citations

Dual roles in feeding for AMPA/kainate receptors: receptor activation or inactivation within distinct hypothalamic regions elicits feeding behavior

2003 • 21 citations

The role of insulin receptor substrate 2 in hypothalamic and β cell function

2005 • 21 citations

Expression of proopiomelanocortin and proenkephalin mRNA in sexually dimorphic brain regions are altered in adult male and female rats treated prenatally with morphine

2004 • 21 citations

The effect of baclofen and somatostatin on neuronal activity in the rat ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus in vitro

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Food deprivation decreases responsiveness of ventromedial hypothalamic neurons to melanocortins

2004 • 17 citations

Early Activation and Induction of Apoptosis in T Cells Is Independent of c‐Fos

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Hypokalemia and Alkalosis in Adipsic Hypernatremia Are Not Associated with Hyperaldosteronism

2004 • 10 citations