Agouti-related protein: More than a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist?

A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding

2001 • 3,415 citations

Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects

2003 • 3,114 citations

Targeted Disruption of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Results in Obesity in Mice

1997 • 2,992 citations

Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus

2001 • 2,288 citations

Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake

2002 • 2,263 citations

Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome

1997 • 1,891 citations

Antagonism of Central Melanocortin Receptors in Vitro and in Vivo by Agouti-Related Protein

1997 • 1,835 citations

Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans

1998 • 1,666 citations

The Distribution and Mechanism of Action of Ghrelin in the CNS Demonstrates a Novel Hypothalamic Circuit Regulating Energy Homeostasis

2003 • 1,617 citations

Coexpression of Agrp and NPY in fasting-activated hypothalamic neurons

1998 • 1,136 citations

Obesity and impaired prohormone processing associated with mutations in the human prohormone convertase 1 gene

1997 • 1,125 citations

Localization of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) in neuroendocrine and autonomic control circuits in the brain.

1994 • 1,059 citations

Sensitivity to leptin and susceptibility to seizures of mice lacking neuropeptide Y

1996 • 1,020 citations

Obesity in the mouse model of pro-opiomelanocortin deficiency responds to peripheral melanocortin

1999 • 1,000 citations

Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass

2000 • 878 citations

Leptin Increases Hypothalamic Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA Expression in the Rostral Arcuate Nucleus

1997 • 837 citations

The neuropeptide Y/agouti gene-related protein (AGRP) brain circuitry in normal, anorectic, and monosodium glutamate-treated mice

1998 • 802 citations

CALCIUM CHANNEL DIVERSITY AND NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE: The ω-Conotoxins and ω-Agatoxins

1994 • 734 citations

Identification of a receptor for gamma melanotropin and other proopiomelanocortin peptides in the hypothalamus and limbic system.

1993 • 719 citations

Localization of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) in neuroendocrine and autonomic control circuits in the brain

1994 • 703 citations

A Unique Metalolic Sysdrone Causes Obesity in the Melanocortin-3 Receptor-Deficient Mouse

2000 • 677 citations

Syndecans: multifunctional cell-surface co-receptors

1997 • 676 citations

Hypothalamic expression of ART, a novel gene related to agouti, is up-regulated in obese and diabetic mutant mice.

1997 • 670 citations

Altered Expression of Hypothalamic Neuropeptide mRNAs in Food-Restricted and Food-Deprived Rats

1990 • 648 citations

Integration of NPY, AGRP, and Melanocortin Signals in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus

1999 • 603 citations

The arcuate nucleus as a conduit for diverse signals relevant to energy homeostasis

2001 • 564 citations

A C-Terminal Fragment of Agouti-Related Protein Increases Feeding and Antagonizes the Effect of Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormonein Vivo

1998 • 555 citations

Unraveling the central nervous system pathways underlying responses to leptin

1998 • 520 citations

Hypothalamic Pro-Opiomelanocortin mRNA Is Reduced By Fasting in ob/ob and db/db Mice, but Is Stimulated by Leptin

1998 • 518 citations

Synthesis of β-Tubulin, Actin, and Other Proteins in Axons of Sympathetic Neurons in Compartmented Cultures

1999 • 509 citations

Regulation of Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin mRNA by Leptin in ob/ob Mice

1997 • 425 citations

Neither Agouti-Related Protein nor Neuropeptide Y Is Critically Required for the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis in Mice

2002 • 421 citations

Anatomy of an Endogenous Antagonist: Relationship between Agouti-Related Protein and Proopiomelanocortin in Brain

1999 • 411 citations

AgRP(83–132) Acts as an Inverse Agonist on the Human-Melanocortin-4 Receptor

2001 • 375 citations

Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Is Inhibited by Leptin and Stimulated by Fasting*

1999 • 374 citations

Mice lacking pro-opiomelanocortin are sensitive to high-fat feeding but respond normally to the acute anorectic effects of peptide-YY _3-36

2004 • 363 citations

The Central Melanocortin System and Energy Homeostasis

1999 • 349 citations

Disruption of PC1/3 expression in mice causes dwarfism and multiple neuroendocrine peptide processing defects

2002 • 338 citations

Long-term orexigenic effects of AgRP-(83—132) involve mechanisms other than melanocortin receptor blockade

2000 • 318 citations

Obesity, diabetes, and neoplasia in yellow A ^vy /‐ mice: ectopic expression of the agouti gene

1994 • 306 citations

Pro-opiomelanocortin processing in the hypothalamus: impact on melanocortin signalling and obesity

2002 • 302 citations

Inverse agonism: pharmacological curiosity or potential therapeutic strategy?

1995 • 285 citations

A missense mutation disrupting a dibasic prohormone processing site in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) increases susceptibility to early-onset obesity through a novel molecular mechanism

2002 • 284 citations

Brainstem Application of Melanocortin Receptor Ligands Produces Long-Lasting Effects on Feeding and Body Weight

1998 • 279 citations

The central melanocortin system affects the hypothalamo-pituitary thyroid axis and may mediate the effect of leptin

2000 • 257 citations

Stimulation of feeding by galanin: Anatomical localization and behavioral specificity of this peptide's effects in the brain

1990 • 253 citations

Agouti-related protein functions as an inverse agonist at a constitutively active brain melanocortin-4 receptor

2001 • 248 citations

The NPY/AgRP neuron and energy homeostasis

2001 • 248 citations

Role of the melanocortin-4 receptor in metabolic rate and food intake in mice.

2000 • 240 citations

ACTH-(1–24) and α-MSH antagonize feeding behavior stimulated by kappa opiate agonists

1986 • 240 citations

Characterization of the Neuroanatomical Distribution of Agouti-Related Protein Immunoreactivity in the Rhesus Monkey and the Rat*

1999 • 226 citations

Melanin-concentrating hormone: a functional melanocortin antagonist in the hypothalamus

1998 • 217 citations

Transgenic Expression of Syndecan-1 Uncovers a Physiological Control of Feeding Behavior by Syndecan-3

2001 • 210 citations

Hypothalamic localization of the feeding effect of agouti-related peptide and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

2000 • 209 citations

Curbing activation: proprotein convertases in homeostasis and pathology

2003 • 209 citations

Leptin increases hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expression in the rostral arcuate nucleus

1997 • 206 citations

The mouse mahogany locus encodes a transmembrane form of human attractin

1999 • 205 citations

Nutritional and endocrine modulation of intracellular calcium: Implications in obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension

1998 • 201 citations

AgRP(83-132) Acts as an Inverse Agonist on the Human-Melanocortin-4 Receptor

2001 • 197 citations

Feeding effects of hypothalamic injection of melanocortin 4 receptor ligands

1998 • 186 citations

The mahogany protein is a receptor involved in suppression of obesity

1999 • 185 citations

Characterization of Agouti-Related Protein Binding to Melanocortin Receptors

1999 • 177 citations

Involvement of agouti-related protein, an endogenous antagonist of hypothalamic melanocortin receptor, in leptin action.

1999 • 176 citations

A C-Terminal Fragment of Agouti-Related Protein Increases Feeding and Antagonizes the Effect of Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone in Vivo

1998 • 163 citations

Syndecan-3-Deficient Mice Exhibit Enhanced LTP and Impaired Hippocampus-Dependent Memory

2002 • 158 citations

A Role for the Endogenous Opioid β-Endorphin in Energy Homeostasis

2003 • 155 citations

Effects of Chronic Central Nervous System Administration of Agouti-Related Protein in Pair-Fed Animals

2001 • 152 citations

Untitled

1998 • 150 citations

A Unique Metalolic Sysdrone Causes Obesity in the Melanocortin-3 Receptor-Deficient Mouse

2000 • 147 citations

Reducing hypothalamic AGRP by RNA interference increases metabolic rate and decreases body weight without influencing food intake.

2002 • 146 citations

A biochemical function for attractin in agouti-induced pigmentation and obesity

2001 • 139 citations

Regulation of Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin mRNA by Leptin in ob/ob Mice

1997 • 134 citations

Agouti and Agouti-related Protein: Analogies and Contrasts

2000 • 133 citations

Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA is reduced by fasting and [corrected] in ob/ob and db/db mice, but is stimulated by leptin

1998 • 133 citations

Regulation of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Signaling: Agonist-Mediated Desensitization and Internalization

2003 • 131 citations

Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Is Inhibited by Leptin and Stimulated by Fasting

1999 • 128 citations

Investigation of the melanocyte stimulating hormones on food intake

2000 • 124 citations

Proopiomelanocortin expression in the skin during induced hair growth in mice

1992 • 118 citations

Effects of neuropeptide Y deficiency on hypothalamic agouti-related protein expression and responsiveness to melanocortin analogues

1999 • 118 citations

Knockout Studies Defining Different Roles for Melanocortin Receptors in Energy Homeostasis

2003 • 106 citations

Agouti structure and function: characterization of a potent .alpha.-melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor antagonist

1995 • 104 citations

Syndecan 3 Intramembrane Proteolysis Is Presenilin/γ-Secretase-dependent and Modulates Cytosolic Signaling

2003 • 100 citations

Melanocortin‐3 Receptor mRNA Expression in Pro‐Opiomelanocortin Neurones of the Rat Arcuate Nucleus

2000 • 97 citations

Immediate and Prolonged Patterns of Agouti-Related Peptide-(83–132)-Induced c-Fos Activation in Hypothalamic and Extrahypothalamic Sites*

2001 • 86 citations

Diurnal Rhythm of Agouti-Related Protein and Its Relation to Corticosterone and Food Intake

2002 • 85 citations

Interactions of α-Melanotropin and Agouti on B16 Melanoma Cells: Evidence for Inverse Agonism of Agouti

1997 • 85 citations

Characterization of the Neuroanatomical Distribution of Agouti-Related Protein Immunoreactivity in the Rhesus Monkey and the Rat

1999 • 85 citations

Deletion of the Nhlh2 Transcription Factor Decreases the Levels of the Anorexigenic Peptides α Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Implicates Prohormone Convertases I and II in Obesity

2004 • 83 citations

Inverse agonist activity of agouti and agouti-related protein

2003 • 81 citations

Changes in Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP), but not α-MSH or Pro-Opiomelanocortin Concentrations in Dietary-Obese and Food-Restricted Rats

1999 • 80 citations

Short-Term Starvation Decreases POMC mRNA but Does Not Alter GnRH mRNA in the Brain of Adult Male Rats

1992 • 77 citations

A synthetic human Agouti‐related protein‐(83–132)‐NH₂ fragment is a potent inhibitor of melanocortin receptor function

1998 • 75 citations

ARC POMC mRNA and PVN α-MSH are lower in obese relative to lean Zucker rats

2000 • 74 citations

Neurochemical phenotype of hypothalamic neurons showing Fos expression 23 h after intracranial AgRP

2002 • 72 citations

Agouti-Related Protein-Like Immunoreactivity: Characterization of Release from Hypothalamic Tissue and Presence in Serum¹

2000 • 69 citations

Design, Pharmacology, and NMR Structure of a Minimized Cystine Knot with Agouti-Related Protein Activity

2002 • 66 citations

Hypocretin I in the lateral hypothalamus activates key feeding-regulatory brain sites

2000 • 66 citations

Proopiomelanocortin-Derived Peptides in Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid and Hypothalamic Extracts: Evidence that Secretion Is Regulated with Respect to Energy Balance

2003 • 66 citations

Impaired Prohormone Convertases in Cpe fat/Cpe fat Mice

2001 • 64 citations

Syndecan‐3 Modulates Food Intake by Interacting with the Melanocortin/AgRP Pathway

2003 • 58 citations

Biochemical, Biophysical, and Pharmacological Characterization of Bacterially Expressed Human Agouti-Related Protein

1998 • 57 citations

Characterization of Agouti-Related Protein Binding to Melanocortin Receptors

1999 • 55 citations

Precursor-protein convertase 1 gene expression in the mouse hypothalamus: differential regulation by ob gene mutation, energy deficit and administration of leptin, and coexpression with prepro-orexin

2003 • 52 citations

Agouti-related protein(83-132) aggregates and crosses the blood-brain barrier slowly

2000 • 51 citations

Down-regulation of Melanocortin Receptor Signaling Mediated by the Amino Terminus of Agouti Protein in XenopusMelanophores

1999 • 43 citations

Acute intracerebroventricular administration of either carboxyl-terminal or amino-terminal fragments of agouti-related peptide produces a long-term decrease in energy expenditure in rats

2003 • 39 citations

Agouti-related protein (83-132) is a competitive antagonist at the human melanocortin-4 receptor: no evidence for differential interactions with pro-opiomelanocortin-derived ligands

2004 • 39 citations

Characterization of a novel binding partner of the melanocortin-4 receptor: attractin-like protein

2003 • 38 citations

Coupled Site-Directed Mutagenesis/Transgenesis Identifies Important Functional Domains of the Mouse Agouti Protein

1996 • 37 citations

Agouti-Related Protein-Like Immunoreactivity: Characterization of Release from Hypothalamic Tissue and Presence in Serum

2000 • 33 citations

Molecular Determination of Agouti-Related Protein Binding to Human Melanocortin-4 Receptor

2003 • 31 citations

Immediate and Prolonged Patterns of Agouti-Related Peptide-(83-132)-Induced c-Fos Activation in Hypothalamic and Extrahypothalamic Sites

2001 • 31 citations

Dibasic cleavage site is required for sorting to the regulated secretory pathway for both pro‐ and neuropeptide Y

2002 • 28 citations

The physiological function of the agouti-related peptide gene: the control of weight and metabolic rate

2003 • 25 citations

Neuropeptide Y-Related Compounds and Feeding

1998 • 23 citations

An agouti mutation lacking the basic domain induces yellow pigmentation but not obesity in transgenic mice

1999 • 20 citations

Hyperproinsulinemia in a three-generation Caucasian family due to mutant proinsulin (Arg65-His) not associated with imparied glucose tolerance: the contribution of mutant proinsulin to insulin bioactivity.

1996 • 17 citations

Hyperproinsulinemia in a three-generation Caucasian family due to mutant proinsulin (Arg65-His) not associated with imparied glucose tolerance: the contribution of mutant proinsulin to insulin bioactivity

1996 • 8 citations

Proopiomelanocortin Products and Human Early-Onset Obesity

1999 • 7 citations