Neuropathogenesis of central nervous system HIV-1 infection

HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5

1996 • 3,189 citations

Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures.

1991 • 2,173 citations

Presence of an inducible HIV-1 latent reservoir during highly active antiretroviral therapy

1997 • 1,911 citations

Detection of AIDS Virus in Macrophages in Brain Tissue from AIDS Patients with Encephalopathy

1986 • 1,694 citations

Cellular localization of human immunodeficiency virus infection within the brains of acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients.

1986 • 1,242 citations

Pathways to neuronal injury and apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia

2001 • 1,190 citations

Isolation of HTLV-III from Cerebrospinal Fluid and Neural Tissues of Patients with Neurologic Syndromes Related to the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

1985 • 1,103 citations

Early establishment of a pool of latently infected, resting CD4 ⁺ T cells during primary HIV-1 infection

1998 • 811 citations

Nomenclature and research case definitions for neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus‐type 1 (HIV‐1) infection

1991 • 755 citations

Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: Correlations with dementia

1995 • 663 citations

Akt/Protein Kinase B Inhibits Cell Death by Preventing the Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria

1999 • 642 citations

In vivo evolution of HIV-1 co-receptor usage and sensitivity to chemokine-mediated suppression

1997 • 642 citations

Secretion of Neurotoxins by Mononuclear Phagocytes Infected with HIV-1

1990 • 628 citations

Neuronal cell killing by the envelope protein of HIV and its prevention by vasoactive intestinal peptide

1988 • 616 citations

Chemokines and activated macrophages in HIV gp120-induced neuronal apoptosis

1999 • 513 citations

Dementia Associated with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

1995 • 465 citations

Effect of Continuous Intravenous Infusion of Zidovudine (AZT) in Children with Symptomatic HIV Infection

1988 • 452 citations

Upregulation of bax protein levels in neurons following cerebral ischemia

1995 • 440 citations

Changes to AIDS dementia complex in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

1999 • 422 citations

Immunologic NO Synthase: Elevation in Severe AIDS Dementia and Induction by HIV-1 gp41

1996 • 422 citations

Neuronal apoptosis induced by HIV-1 gp120 and the chemokine SDF-1α is mediated by the chemokine receptor CXCR4

1998 • 419 citations

Synergistic effects of HIV coat protein and NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity

1991 • 397 citations

Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus—associated dementia and viral load in cerebrospinal fluid and brain

1997 • 397 citations

Expression of CX₃CR1 chemokine receptors on neurons and their role in neuronal survival

2000 • 375 citations

Perivascular Macrophages Are the Primary Cell Type Productively Infected by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in the Brains of Macaques

2001 • 365 citations

Induction of HIV-1 Replication in Latently Infected CD4+ T Cells Using a Combination of Cytokines

1998 • 356 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coat protein neurotoxicity mediated by nitric oxide in primary cortical cultures.

1993 • 348 citations

Latent reservoirs of HIV: Obstacles to the eradication of virus

1999 • 337 citations

Genetic differences between blood- and brain-derived viral sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: evidence of conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain-derived sequences

1994 • 329 citations

Clinical‐neuropathologic correlation in HIV‐associated dementia

1993 • 325 citations

Plasma viral load and CD4 lymphocytes predict HIV-associated dementia and sensory neuropathy

1999 • 306 citations

Intracellular CXCR4 signaling, neuronal apoptosis and neuropathogenic mechanisms of HIV-1-associated dementia

1999 • 302 citations

Evidence of apoptotic cell death in HIV encephalitis.

1995 • 297 citations

The neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection

1994 • 277 citations

Zidovudine treatment of the AIDS dementia complex: Results of a placebo‐controlled trial

1993 • 275 citations

Microglia in human disease, with an emphasis on acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

1991 • 273 citations

Macrophage Tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates from Brain and Lymphoid Tissues Predicts Neurotropism Independent of Coreceptor Specificity

2001 • 263 citations

Demented and nondemented patients with AIDS differ in brain-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope sequences

1994 • 259 citations

Synergistic neurotoxicity by human immunodeficiency virus proteins Tat and gp120: Protection by memantine

2000 • 259 citations

Models of neuronal injury in AIDS: another role for the NMDA receptor?

1992 • 247 citations

Pathology of HIV-1 Infection of the Central Nervous System. A review

1992 • 244 citations

Neuronal apoptosis in HIV infection in adults

1995 • 244 citations

Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlate with AIDS Dementia Stage

1997 • 241 citations

Isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from the brain may constitute a special group of the AIDS virus.

1989 • 233 citations

Highly active antiretroviral therapy reverses brain metabolite abnormalities in mild HIV dementia

1999 • 231 citations

Apoptosis induced by HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system.

1996 • 230 citations

Neuronal apoptosis does not correlate with dementia in HIV infection but is related to microglial activation and axonal damage

1999 • 230 citations

Apoptotic neurons in brains from paediatric patients with HIV‐I encephalitis and progressive encephalopathy

1995 • 220 citations

Increased CCR5 Affinity and Reduced CCR5/CD4 Dependence of a Neurovirulent Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate

2002 • 217 citations

HIV-1 V3 domain variation in brain and spleen of children with AIDS: Tissue-specific evolution within host-determined quasispecies

1991 • 209 citations

Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates in Human Neuropathology: An Overview

1994 • 209 citations

gp120-Induced Neurotoxicity in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neuron Cultures: Protective Action of TGF-β1

1996 • 204 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA originates from both local CNS and systemic sources

2000 • 196 citations

Antiretroviral drugs and the central nervous system

1998 • 193 citations

The Neurology of Aids

1997 • 193 citations

CXCR-4 Is Expressed by Primary Macrophages and Supports CCR5-Independent Infection by Dual-Tropic but Not T-Tropic Isolates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

1998 • 185 citations

Combination antiretroviral therapy improves psychomotor speed performance in HIV-seropositive homosexual men

1999 • 179 citations

Neuronal Death Induced by Brain-Derived Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Genes Differs between Demented and Nondemented AIDS Patients

1998 • 177 citations

Neurotoxic Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Primary Human Neuronal Cultures are Mediated by Activation of the Glutamate AMPA Receptor Subtype: Implications for AIDS Neuropathogenesis

1993 • 175 citations

NEURONAL INJURY ASSOCIATED WITH HIV-1: Approaches to Treatment

1998 • 168 citations

Apoptosis Induced by Infection of Primary Brain Cultures with Diverse Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates: Evidence for a Role of the Envelope

1999 • 167 citations

Study of Receptor-Mediated Neurotoxins Released by HIV-1-Infected Mononuclear Phagocytes Found in Human Brain

1996 • 165 citations

Suppression of Inflammatory Neurotoxins by Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Associated Dementia

1998 • 162 citations

Memantine prevents HIV coat protein‐induced neuronal injury in vitro

1992 • 153 citations

Involvement of Activated Caspase‐3‐Like Proteases in N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate‐Induced Apoptosis in Cerebrocortical Neurons

2000 • 148 citations

Correlation between neurological progression and astrocyte apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia

2001 • 146 citations

In vitro evidence for a dual role of tumor necrosis factor‐α in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encephalopathy

1995 • 138 citations

Lymphotropic Virions Affect Chemokine Receptor-Mediated Neural Signaling and Apoptosis: Implications for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Dementia

1999 • 134 citations

The Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Central Nervous System

1998 • 134 citations

Restoration of the immune system with anti-retroviral therapy

1999 • 130 citations

HIV‐1 Envelope Proteins gp120 and gp160 Potentiate NMDA‐induced [Ca²⁺]_i Increase, Alter [Ca²⁺]_i Homeostasis and Induce Neurotoxicity in Human Embryonic Neurons

1995 • 120 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and its coat protein gp 120 induce apoptosis and activate JNK and ERK mitogen‐activated protein kinases in human neurons

1997 • 113 citations

Transdermal selegiline in HIV-associated cognitive impairment: Pilot, placebo-controlled study

2000 • 112 citations

A phase I/II trial of nimodipine for HIV-related neurologic complications

1998 • 111 citations

HIV-1 RNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma correlate with AIDS dementia.

1998 • 101 citations

Increased frequency of the tumor necrosis factor‐α‐308 a allele in adults with human immunodeficiency virus dementia

2001 • 87 citations

Short Communication: Unique HIV Type 1 V3 Region Sequences Derived from Six Different Regions of Brain: Region-Specific Evolution within Host-Determined Quasispecies

1998 • 84 citations

Varied Tropism of HIV-1 Isolates Derived from Different Regions of Adult Brain Cortex Discriminate between Patients with and without AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC): Evidence for Neurotropic HIV Variants

2001 • 75 citations

Effects of zidovudine in 30 patients with mild to end-stage AIDS dementia complex

1993 • 74 citations

Sequence Analysis of the V3 Loop in Brain and Spleen of Patients with HIV Encephalitis

1996 • 73 citations

Mechanisms and Structural Determinants of HIV-1 Coat Protein, gp41-Induced Neurotoxicity

1999 • 72 citations

Programmed cell death in brains of HIV-1-positive AIDS and pre-AIDS patients

1996 • 70 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Dementia

2000 • 63 citations

Neurological disorders during HIV-1 infection correlate with viral load in cerebrospinal fluid but not with virus phenotype

1998 • 61 citations

Distinct Populations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid

1992 • 60 citations

HIV Type 1 V3 Sequences and the Development of Dementia during AIDS

1996 • 57 citations

Differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 V3 sequences from patients with and without AIDS dementia complex

1995 • 57 citations

Expression of caspase‐3 in brains from paediatric patients with HIV‐1 encephalitis

1999 • 52 citations

Expression of pro‐ and anti‐apoptosis gene products in brains from paediatric patients with HIV‐1 encephalitis

1997 • 46 citations

The Level of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 RNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid As a Marker of HIV Encephalitis

1998 • 45 citations

Upregulated expression of Fas and Fas ligand in brain through the spectrum of HIV-1 infection

1999 • 22 citations