Nitric oxide synthases in mammals

Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology.

1991 • 15,563 citations

Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids

1982 • 11,668 citations

Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor

1987 • 10,774 citations

Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide.

1990 • 7,068 citations

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide.

1987 • 5,027 citations

Vascular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine

1988 • 4,800 citations

Isolation of nitric oxide synthetase, a calmodulin-requiring enzyme.

1990 • 3,304 citations

Localization of nitric oxide synthase indicating a neural role for nitric oxide

1990 • 2,996 citations

Nitric oxide synthases in mammals

1994 • 2,762 citations

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor release on activation of NMDA receptors suggests role as intercellular messenger in the brain

1988 • 2,572 citations

Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in chronic renal failure

1992 • 2,138 citations

Neuronal NADPH diaphorase is a nitric oxide synthase.

1991 • 1,917 citations

Cloning and Characterization of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase from Mouse Macrophages

1992 • 1,914 citations

Nitric oxide synthase and neuronal NADPH diaphorase are identical in brain and peripheral tissues.

1991 • 1,872 citations

Characterization of three inhibitors of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vitro and in vivo

1990 • 1,869 citations

Histochemical mapping of nitric oxide synthase in the rat brain

1992 • 1,858 citations

Macrophage oxidation of L-arginine to nitrite and nitrate: nitric oxide is an intermediate

1988 • 1,622 citations

Macrophage Cytotoxicity: Role for L-Arginine Deiminase and Imino Nitrogen Oxidation to Nitrite

1987 • 1,533 citations

Formation of nitric oxide from L-arginine in the central nervous system: a transduction mechanism for stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase.

1989 • 1,443 citations

L-arginine is the physiological precursor for the formation of nitric oxide in endothelium-dependent relaxation

1988 • 1,379 citations

Glucocorticoids inhibit the expression of an inducible, but not the constitutive, nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelial cells.

1990 • 1,117 citations

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: molecular cloning and characterization of a distinct constitutive enzyme isoform.

1992 • 1,004 citations

Purification and characterization of particulate endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthase from cultured and native bovine aortic endothelial cells.

1991 • 982 citations

L-arginine is required for expression of the activated macrophage effector mechanism causing selective metabolic inhibition in target cells.

1987 • 958 citations

Correlation between nitric oxide formation during degradation of organic nitrates and activation of guanylate cyclase

1987 • 896 citations

Molecular cloning and functional expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase from a murine macrophage cell line.

1992 • 877 citations

Molecular cloning and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase from human hepatocytes.

1993 • 845 citations

Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase Characterization and purification from different cell types

1991 • 827 citations

Purification and characterization of the cytokine-induced macrophage nitric oxide synthase: an FAD- and FMN-containing flavoprotein.

1991 • 812 citations

Generation of superoxide by purified brain nitric oxide synthase.

1992 • 765 citations

Molecular cloning and characterization of the constitutive bovine aortic endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase.

1992 • 748 citations

Biological Roles of Nitric Oxide

1992 • 731 citations

Macrophage Oxidation of L-Arginine to Nitric Oxide, Nitrite, and Nitrate

1989 • 681 citations

Widespread tissue distribution, species distribution and changes in activity of Ca²⁺‐dependent and Ca²⁺‐independent nitric oxide synthases

1991 • 645 citations

Calmodulin is a subunit of nitric oxide synthase from macrophages.

1992 • 640 citations

Mapping of neural nitric oxide synthase in the rat suggests frequent co-localization with NADPH diaphorase but not with soluble guanylyl cyclase, and novel paraneural functions for nitrinergic signal transduction.

1992 • 622 citations

Nitric oxide synthase is a cytochrome P-450 type hemoprotein

1992 • 617 citations

Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding human endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide synthase.

1992 • 616 citations

Cloned and expressed macrophage nitric oxide synthase contrasts with the brain enzyme.

1992 • 616 citations

A novel citrulline-forming enzyme implicated in the formation of nitric oxide by vascular endothelial cells

1989 • 612 citations

Calmodulin-dependent endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide synthase activity is present in the particulate and cytosolic fractions of bovine aortic endothelial cells.

1991 • 599 citations

Dexamethasone prevents the induction by endotoxin of a nitric oxide synthase and the associated effects on vascular tone: An insight into endotoxin shock

1990 • 596 citations

N omega-hydroxy-L-arginine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine.

1991 • 572 citations

Reduced Biopterin as a Cofactor in the Generation of Nitrogen Oxides by Murine Macrophages

1989 • 571 citations

Cloned human brain nitric oxide synthase is highly expressed in skeletal muscle

1993 • 552 citations

The effect of the inhibitor diphenylene iodonium on the superoxide-generating system of neutrophils. Specific labelling of a component polypeptide of the oxidase

1986 • 551 citations

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent formation of hydrogen peroxide by brain nitric oxide synthase

1992 • 534 citations

NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester and other alkyl esters of arginine are muscarinic receptor antagonists.

1993 • 521 citations

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by methylene blue

1993 • 519 citations

Mammalian Nitric Oxide Synthases

1992 • 514 citations

Molecular cloning and characterization of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase

1992 • 494 citations

Molecular cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase.

1992 • 477 citations

Inhibition of macrophage and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase by diphenyleneiodonium and its analogs ¹

1991 • 461 citations

Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase in macrophages

1990 • 455 citations

Tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. An absolute requirement for cytokine-induced nitric oxide generation by vascular smooth muscle.

1992 • 444 citations

Purification of a Ca²⁺/calmodulin‐dependent nitric oxide synthase from porcine cerebellum

1990 • 433 citations

Brain nitric oxide synthase is a biopterin‐ and flavin‐containing multi‐functional oxido‐reductase

1991 • 422 citations

Differential induction of brain, lung and liver nitric oxide synthase by endotoxin in the rat

1990 • 399 citations

Feedback inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity by nitric oxide

1993 • 396 citations

Arginine is a physiological precursor of endothelium-derived nitric oxide

1988 • 392 citations

Cytokine-activated endothelial cells express an isotype of nitric oxide synthase which is tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent, calmodulin-independent and inhibited by arginine analogs with a rank-order of potency characteristic of activated macrophages

1991 • 391 citations

Anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids inhibit the induction by endotoxin of nitric oxide synthase in the lung, liver and aorta of the rat

1990 • 389 citations

Purification of a soluble isoform of guanylyl cyclase-activating-factor synthase.

1991 • 386 citations

Purification and properties of a new enzyme, N, N-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase, from rat kidney

1989 • 368 citations

Nitric oxide synthase: Irreversible inhibition by L-N -Nitroarginine in brain and

1991 • 368 citations

Spectral characterization of brain and macrophage nitric oxide synthases. Cytochrome P-450-like hemeproteins that contain a flavin semiquinone radical.

1992 • 344 citations

Cloning of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

1993 • 319 citations

Cloning, characterization, and expression of a cDNA encoding an inducible nitric oxide synthase from the human chondrocyte.

1993 • 302 citations

Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases incorporate molecular oxygen into both nitric oxide and citrulline.

1991 • 291 citations

Tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent formation of nitrite and nitrate in murine fibroblasts.

1990 • 288 citations

The transport of cationic amino acids across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells

1985 • 287 citations

Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Chondrocytes

1993 • 286 citations

Macrophage and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthesis: Cell-type selective inhibition by NG-aminoarginine, NG-nitroarginine and NG-methylarginine

1990 • 277 citations

Phosphorylation by calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinase C modulates the activity of nitric oxide synthase

1991 • 275 citations

Selective inhibition of constitutive nitric oxide synthase by L-NG-nitroarginine

1993 • 274 citations

Biosynthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor: A cytosolic enzyme in porcine aortic endothelial cells Ca2+-dependently converts L-arginine into an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase

1989 • 271 citations

Identification of N‐iminoethyl‐<scp>l</scp>‐ornithine as an irreversible inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase in phagocytic cells

1991 • 258 citations

Constitutive nitric oxide synthase from cerebellum is reversibly inhibited by nitric oxide formed from L-arginine

1992 • 254 citations

Purification of nitric oxide synthase from rat macrophages

1991 • 244 citations

L-citrulline production from L-arginine by macrophage nitric oxide synthase. The ureido oxygen derives from dioxygen.

1990 • 240 citations

Nitric oxide from L-arginine stimulates the soluble guanylate cyclase in adrenal glands

1989 • 238 citations

Kinetic characteristics of nitric oxide synthase from rat brain

1990 • 210 citations

Cationic amino acid transport into cultured animal cells. I. Influx into cultured human fibroblasts.

1982 • 185 citations

Endothelial cells metabolize NG -monomethyl-L-arginine to L-citrulline and subsequently to L-arginine

1990 • 185 citations

Immunological detection of nitric oxide synthase(s) in human tissues using heterologous antibodies suggesting different isoforms

1992 • 181 citations

Nitric oxide synthase from cerebellum catalyzes the formation of equimolar quantities of nitric oxide and citrulline from L-arginine

1992 • 181 citations

Inducible cytosolic enzyme activity for the production of nitrogen oxides from L-arginine in hepatocytes

1990 • 179 citations

Identification of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase that do not interact with the endothelial cell <scp>l</scp>‐arginine transporter

1992 • 172 citations

The 1989 Ulf von Euler Lecture Studies on endothelium‐dependent vasodilation and the endothelium‐derived relaxing factor

1990 • 164 citations

Tetrahydrobiopterin, a cofactor for rat cerebellar nitric oxide synthase, does not function as a reactant in the oxygenation of arginine.

1991 • 164 citations

Mutation of N-myristoylation site converts endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase from a membrane to a cytosolic protein.

1993 • 162 citations

Tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent formation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide) in aortic endothelial cells

1992 • 162 citations

Induction of nitric oxide synthase in rat peritoneal neutrophils and its inhibition by dexamethasone

1991 • 161 citations

Brain nitric oxide synthase is a haemoprotein

1992 • 151 citations

Nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cytosol: Evidence for a calcium-dependent and a calcium-independent mechanism

1989 • 148 citations

Synthesis of nitrogen oxides from L-arginine by macrophage cytosol: Requirement for inducible and constitutive components

1989 • 148 citations

Metabolism of NG,NG- and NG,NG-dimethylarginine in rats

1987 • 141 citations

Irreversible inactivation of macrophage and brain nitric oxide synthase by L-NG-methylarginine requires NADPH-dependent hydroxylation

1993 • 130 citations

Cytochrome P450 catalyzes the oxidation of Nω-hydroxy-L-arginine by NADPH and O2 to nitric oxide and citrulline

1992 • 117 citations

Specific labelling of a constituent polypeptide of bovine heart mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-ubiquinone reductase by the inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium

1977 • 116 citations

Purification and characterization of a human NO synthase

1991 • 115 citations

Phosphorylation of nitric oxide synthase by protein kinase A

1991 • 114 citations

Biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin by de novo and salvage pathways in adrenal medulla extracts, mammalian cell cultures, and rat brain in vivo.

1983 • 114 citations

Hepatocytes and Macrophages Express an Identical Cytokine-Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene

1993 • 113 citations

Inactivation of macrophage nitric oxide synthase activity by NG-Methyl-L-arginine

1991 • 111 citations

Tetrahydrobiopterin is required for cytokine-induced nitric oxide production in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264).

1993 • 95 citations

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is myristylated

1992 • 93 citations

Purification of nitric oxide synthase from bovine brain: Immunological characterization and tissue distribution

1992 • 86 citations

Dimethylarginine:pyruvate aminotransferase in rats. Purification, properties, and identity with alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 2.

1990 • 86 citations

Biopterin

1978 • 85 citations

Purification of a distinctive form of endotoxin-induced nitric oxide synthase from rat liver.

1992 • 84 citations

Glucocorticoids do not affect the induction of a novel calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthase in rabbit chondrocytes

1992 • 80 citations

Characterization and localization of nitric oxide synthase in non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic nerves from bovine retractor penis muscles

1992 • 77 citations

Localization of brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to human chromosome 12

1992 • 77 citations

On the substrate specificity of nitric oxide synthase

1991 • 75 citations

NG-Amino-L-arginine: A new potent antagonist of L-arginine-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation

1990 • 71 citations

Regional localization of the gene coding for human brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) to 12q24.2→24.31 by fluorescent in situ hybridization

1993 • 62 citations

Release of nitric oxide evoked by nerve stimulation in guinea-pig intestine

1993 • 60 citations

Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase and the related cell damage in adenocarcinoma cells

1991 • 58 citations

Identification of inducible calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase in the liver of rats.

1992 • 53 citations

Systemic administration of lithium chloride and tacrine increases nitric oxide synthase activity in the hippocampus of rats

1993 • 36 citations

Cytosolic and Membrane-Bound Nitric Oxide Synthase.

1991 • 27 citations

Kinetic studies on nitrite and nitrate in rats by ion-pair chromatography

1988 • 21 citations