The role of transforming growth factor-beta in primary brain tumors

The Hallmarks of Cancer

2000 • 27,569 citations

Transforming Growth Factor β in Tissue Fibrosis

1994 • 3,055 citations

Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-β1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease

1992 • 2,969 citations

Transforming growth factor type beta: rapid induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis in vivo and stimulation of collagen formation in vitro.

1986 • 2,878 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates the expression of fibronectin and collagen and their incorporation into the extracellular matrix.

1986 • 2,499 citations

p27Kip1, a cyclin-Cdk inhibitor, links transforming growth factor-beta and contact inhibition to cell cycle arrest.

1994 • 1,970 citations

The TGF-beta superfamily: new members, new receptors, and new genetic tests of function in different organisms.

1994 • 1,950 citations

Transforming growth factor beta 1 null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death.

1993 • 1,941 citations

Production of transforming growth factor beta by human T lymphocytes and its potential role in the regulation of T cell growth.

1986 • 1,617 citations

SB-431542 Is a Potent and Specific Inhibitor of Transforming Growth Factor-β Superfamily Type I Activin Receptor-Like Kinase (ALK) Receptors ALK4, ALK5, and ALK7

2002 • 1,572 citations

TGFβ signals through a heteromeric protein kinase receptor complex

1992 • 1,519 citations

Smad7 Binds to Smurf2 to Form an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase that Targets the TGFβ Receptor for Degradation

2000 • 1,299 citations

Transforming growth factor beta modulates the expression of collagenase and metalloproteinase inhibitor.

1987 • 1,243 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β: Biological Function and Chemical Structure

1986 • 1,198 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta in disease: the dark side of tissue repair.

1992 • 1,126 citations

Expression cloning of the TGF-β type II receptor, a functional transmembrane serine/threonine kinase

1992 • 1,071 citations

TGF-beta receptor-mediated signalling through Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4

1997 • 1,023 citations

A mechanism of repression of TGFbeta / Smad signaling by oncogenic Ras

1999 • 1,004 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Mediates Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation through a RhoA-dependent Mechanism

2001 • 993 citations

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Function Is Required for Transforming Growth Factor β-mediated Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Cell Migration

2000 • 956 citations

Targeted disruption of SMAD3 results in impaired mucosal immunity and diminished T cell responsiveness to TGF-beta

1999 • 890 citations

Betaglycan presents ligand to the TGFβ signaling receptor

1993 • 887 citations

TEP1, encoded by a candidate tumor suppressor locus, is a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase regulated by transforming growth factor beta.

1997 • 883 citations

Molecular Predictors of Survival after Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer

2001 • 878 citations

Receptor-associated Mad homologues synergize as effectors of the TGF-β response

1996 • 874 citations

MADR2 Maps to 18q21 and Encodes a TGFβ–Regulated MAD–Related Protein That Is Functionally Mutated in Colorectal Carcinoma

1996 • 855 citations

Endoglin is a component of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor system in human endothelial cells.

1992 • 837 citations

A SMAD ubiquitin ligase targets the BMP pathway and affects embryonic pattern formation

1999 • 833 citations

TGF-β signaling: positive and negative effects on tumorigenesis

2002 • 830 citations

Smurf1 Interacts with Transforming Growth Factor-β Type I Receptor through Smad7 and Induces Receptor Degradation

2001 • 828 citations

Transforming growth factor-β in T-cell biology

2002 • 787 citations

Cloning of a TGF$beta; type I receptor that forms a heteromeric complex with the TGF$beta; type II receptor

1993 • 779 citations

Transforming growth factor beta is an important immunomodulatory protein for human B lymphocytes.

1986 • 777 citations

An activated form of transforming growth factor beta is produced by cocultures of endothelial cells and pericytes.

1989 • 767 citations

GS domain mutations that constitutively activate T beta R-I, the downstream signaling component in the TGF-beta receptor complex.

1995 • 682 citations

Genetic characterization and cloning of mothers against dpp, a gene required for decapentaplegic function in Drosophila melanogaster.

1995 • 672 citations

Structure and expression of the membrane proteoglycan betaglycan, a component of the TGF-β receptor system

1991 • 661 citations

Identification of human activin and TGFβ type I receptors that form heteromeric kinase complexes with type II receptors

1993 • 656 citations

Neural induction, the default model and embryonic stem cells

2002 • 619 citations

Type beta transforming growth factor is the primary differentiation-inducing serum factor for normal human bronchial epithelial cells.

1986 • 570 citations

Identification and Functional Characterization of a Smad Binding Element (SBE) in the JunB Promoter That Acts as a Transforming Growth Factor-β, Activin, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-inducible Enhancer

1998 • 562 citations

Type beta transforming growth factor is an inhibitor of myogenic differentiation.

1986 • 559 citations

Cartilage proteoglycans

2001 • 557 citations

Caenorhabditis elegans genes sma-2, sma-3, and sma-4 define a conserved family of transforming growth factor beta pathway components.

1996 • 528 citations

Regulation of Smad degradation and activity by Smurf2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase

2001 • 506 citations

Negative Feedback Regulation of TGF-β Signaling by the SnoN Oncoprotein

1999 • 498 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the rat brain: increase after injury and inhibition of astrocyte proliferation

1992 • 486 citations

Transforming growth factor beta 1-induced changes in cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane.

1990 • 470 citations

Expression profiling of medulloblastoma: PDGFRA and the RAS/MAPK pathway as therapeutic targets for metastatic disease

2001 • 454 citations

Regulation of cell proliferation by Smad proteins

2002 • 448 citations

Crystal Structure of Transforming Growth Factor-β2: an Unusual Fold for the Superfamily

1992 • 446 citations

Association of Smads with lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1/T cell-specific factor mediates cooperative signaling by the transforming growth factor-β and Wnt pathways

2000 • 444 citations

Convergence of Transforming Growth Factor-β and Vitamin D Signaling Pathways on SMAD Transcriptional Coactivators

1999 • 442 citations

Involvement of the p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Transforming Growth Factor-β-induced Gene Expression

1999 • 441 citations

Xenopus Mad Proteins Transduce Distinct Subsets of Signals for the TGFβ Superfamily

1996 • 432 citations

Glioblastoma expression of vitronectin and the alpha v beta 3 integrin. Adhesion mechanism for transformed glial cells.

1991 • 420 citations

Regulation of myogenic differentiation by type beta transforming growth factor.

1986 • 408 citations

Characterization of the Promoter Region of the Human Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Gene

1989 • 400 citations

The effect of transforming growth factor-beta on cell proliferation and collagen formation by lung fibroblasts.

1987 • 399 citations

Transforming growth factor beta stimulates mammary adenocarcinoma cell invasion and metastatic potential.

1990 • 398 citations

Processing of Transforming Growth Factor β1 Precursor by Human Furin Convertase

1995 • 395 citations

Angiogenesis defects and mesenchymal apoptosis in mice lacking SMAD5

1999 • 394 citations

Modulation of Macrophage Function by Transforming Growth Factor ?, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10

1993 • 393 citations

Betaglycan can act as a dual modulator of TGF-beta access to signaling receptors: mapping of ligand binding and GAG attachment sites

1994 • 379 citations

A novel mesoderm inducer, Madr2, functions in the activin signal transduction pathway.

1996 • 351 citations

Eradication of established intracranial rat gliomas by transforming growth factor beta antisense gene therapy.

1996 • 341 citations

An unusual feature revealed by the crystal structure at 2.2 Å resolution of human transforming growth fact or-β2

1992 • 337 citations

TGF-β: from latent to active

1999 • 329 citations

Transforming growth factor-β inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation linked to the expression of a 53-kDa membrane receptor

1989 • 325 citations

Inhibitory action of transforming growth factor beta on endothelial cells.

1987 • 324 citations

Immune defects observed in patients with primary malignant brain tumors

1999 • 319 citations

TGF-β induces assembly of a Smad2–Smurf2 ubiquitin ligase complex that targets SnoN for degradation

2001 • 304 citations

The Transforming Growth Factor‐βs

2000 • 303 citations

Frequency of Smad gene mutations in human cancers.

1997 • 289 citations

Early-onset multifocal inflammation in the transforming growth factor beta 1-null mouse is lymphocyte mediated.

1995 • 275 citations

Molecular events in the processing of recombinant type 1 pre-pro-transforming growth factor beta to the mature polypeptide.

1988 • 273 citations

Latency, activation, and binding proteins of TGF-?

2001 • 262 citations

Proteoglycans decorin and biglycan differentially modulate TGF-β-mediated fibrotic responses in the lung

2001 • 261 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta and IL-4 cause helper T cell precursors to develop into distinct effector helper cells that differ in lymphokine secretion pattern and cell surface phenotype.

1991 • 254 citations

SnoN and Ski protooncoproteins are rapidly degraded in response to transforming growth factor β signaling

1999 • 252 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 increases bad phosphorylation and protects neurons against damage.

2002 • 251 citations

Regulation of Smad signalling by protein associations and signalling crosstalk

1999 • 248 citations

Differential effects of transforming growth factor-beta on the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins by normal fetal rat calvarial bone cell populations.

1988 • 238 citations

Autoimmunity associated with TGF-beta1-deficiency in mice is dependent on MHC class II antigen expression.

1996 • 236 citations

TGF‐β Receptors and TGF‐β Binding Proteoglycans: Recent Progress in Identifying Their Functional Properties

1990 • 233 citations

Antagonistic Regulation of Type I Collagen Gene Expression by Interferon-γ and Transforming Growth Factor-β

2001 • 226 citations

Expression of TGF-β isoforms, TGF-β receptors, and SMAD molecules at different stages of human glioma

2000 • 223 citations

TGF-β inhibits p70 S6 kinase via protein phosphatase 2A to induce G₁ arrest

2000 • 220 citations

Smad3 recruits the anaphase-promoting complex for ubiquitination and degradation of SnoN

2001 • 218 citations

Contrasting Effects of TGF‐β1 and TNF‐α on the Development of Dendritic Cells from Progenitors in Mouse Bone Marrow

1997 • 214 citations

Involvement of cytokines in normal CNS development and neurological diseases: Recent progress and perspectives

1998 • 212 citations

Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumors

1977 • 210 citations

The types II and III transforming growth factor-beta receptors form homo-oligomers.

1994 • 199 citations

Comparison of the biological actions of TGF beta‐1 and TGF beta‐2: Differential activity in endothelial cells

1988 • 195 citations

TGF beta is required for the formation of capillary-like structures in three-dimensional cocultures of 10T1/2 and endothelial cells.

2001 • 195 citations

SLE-like autoantibodies and Sjögren's syndrome-like lymphoproliferation in TGF-beta knockout mice.

1995 • 184 citations

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) controls expression of major histocompatibility genes in the postnatal mouse: aberrant histocompatibility antigen expression in the pathogenesis of the TGF-beta 1 null mouse phenotype.

1993 • 181 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3 secreted by a human glioblastoma cell line. Identification of small and different forms of large latent complexes.

1992 • 181 citations

Identification of Smad2, a Human Mad-related Protein in the Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling Pathway

1997 • 168 citations

Regulation of transforming growth factor β- and activin-induced transcription by mammalian Mad proteins

1996 • 162 citations

Complementation between kinase-defective and activation-defective TGF-beta receptors reveals a novel form of receptor cooperativity essential for signaling.

1996 • 158 citations

Control of human glioma cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro by transforming growth factor β1

1994 • 150 citations

Transforming Growth Factor β and Cyclosporin A Inhibit the Inducible Activity of the Interleukin-2 Gene in T Cells Through a Noncanonical Octamer-Binding Site

1993 • 148 citations

Homomeric interactions between type II transforming growth factor-beta receptors.

1994 • 137 citations

Transforming Growth Factors β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β2 Promote Glioma Cell Migration via Up-Regulation of αVβ3 Integrin Expression

2000 • 131 citations

Characterization of the mouse transforming growth factor-beta 1 promoter and activation by the Ha-ras oncogene.

1991 • 131 citations

TGF-beta attenuates the class II transactivator and reveals an accessory pathway of IFN-gamma action.

1997 • 127 citations

The Type II Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Autophosphorylates Not Only on Serine and Threonine but Also on Tyrosine Residues

1997 • 124 citations

Structural and functional characterization of the transforming growth factor beta 3 promoter. A cAMP-responsive element regulates basal and induced transcription.

1990 • 124 citations

Signaling by chimeric erythropoietin-TGF-beta receptors: homodimerization of the cytoplasmic domain of the type I TGF-beta receptor and heterodimerization with the type II receptor are both required for intracellular signal transduction.

1996 • 120 citations

The DSmurf Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Restricts BMP Signaling Spatially and Temporally during Drosophila Embryogenesis

2001 • 119 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β-mediated p15INK4BInduction and Growth Inhibition in Astrocytes Is SMAD3-dependent and a Pathway Prominently Altered in Human Glioma Cell Lines

1999 • 117 citations

Decorin gene transfer-mediated suppression of TGF-β synthesis abrogates experimental malignant glioma growth in vivo

1998 • 116 citations

Increased transforming growth factor beta expression inhibits cell proliferation in vitro, yet increases tumorigenicity and tumor growth of Meth A sarcoma cells.

1993 • 113 citations

Transforming growth factor beta and cyclosporin A inhibit the inducible activity of the interleukin-2 gene in T cells through a noncanonical octamer-binding site.

1993 • 112 citations

Add-on angiotensin II receptor blockade lowers urinary transforming growth factor-β levels

2002 • 110 citations

Correlation of Endothelin-1 and Transforming Growth Factor β1 with Malignancy and Vascularity in Human Gliomas

1997 • 109 citations

Basement membrane invasion of glioma cells mediated by integrin receptors

1994 • 101 citations

Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumours. II. Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with primary brain tumours.

1977 • 96 citations

Processing of Immunosuppressive Pro-TGF-β1,2 by Human Glioblastoma Cells Involves Cytoplasmic and Secreted Furin-Like Proteases

2001 • 96 citations

Autocrine and paracrine regulation of astrocyte function by transforming growth factor-β

1992 • 96 citations

Isotype-specific Ras.GTP-levels predict the efficacy of farnesyl transferase inhibitors against human astrocytomas regardless of Ras mutational status.

2001 • 92 citations

Molecular Cloning and Structure of the Human Transforming Growth Factor-β2 Gene Promoter

1991 • 92 citations

Cross-talk between 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Requires Binding of VDR and Smad3 Proteins to Their Cognate DNA Recognition Elements

2001 • 92 citations

Soluble type II transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor inhibits TGF-beta signaling in COLO-357 pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and attenuates tumor formation.

2001 • 90 citations

Cross-Talk between Bone Morphogenic Proteins and Estrogen Receptor Signaling

2002 • 88 citations

Transforming growth factor-β-mediated autocrine growth regulation of gliomas as detected with phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides

1996 • 88 citations

N-[3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-anthranilic acid (tranilast) inhibits transforming growth factor-? release and reduces migration and invasiveness of human malignant glioma cells

2001 • 87 citations

Increased SPARC expression promotes U87 glioblastoma invasion in vitro

1999 • 87 citations

Does Enalapril Prevent Peritoneal Fibrosis Induced by Hypertonic (3.86%) Peritoneal Dialysis Solution?

2001 • 86 citations

Chemotactic Response Toward Chemokines and Its Regulation by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 of Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell-Derived Different Subset of Dendritic Cells

1999 • 79 citations

Molecular Events in the Processing of Recombinant Type 1 Pre-Pro-Transforming Growth Factor Beta to the Mature Polypeptide

1988 • 78 citations

Expression of transforming-growth-factor (TGF)-? receptors and Smad proteins in glioblastoma cell lines with distinct responses to TGF-?1

1999 • 77 citations

Cooperative Binding of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β2 to the Types I and II TGF-β Receptors

1995 • 73 citations

Prolonged survival of rats with intracranial C6 gliomas by treatment wit~ TGF-β antisense gene

1998 • 70 citations

Signaling crosstalk underlying synergistic induction of astrocyte differentiation by BMPs and IL‐6 family of cytokines

2001 • 67 citations

PAI-1 and EGFR expression in adult glioma tumors: toward a molecular prognostic classification

2002 • 67 citations

Correlation of thrombospondin‐1 and transforming growth factor‐β expression with malignancy of glioma

2000 • 63 citations

Lack of specificity of endoglin expression for tumor blood vessels

2001 • 60 citations

Opposing effects of TGF-beta 2 on the Th1 cell development of naive CD4+ T cells isolated from different mouse strains.

1995 • 60 citations

Transforming growth factor .beta.1: Secondary structure as determined by heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

1993 • 59 citations

Partial purification and biochemical characterization of a T cell suppressor factor produced by human glioblastoma cells.

1985 • 59 citations

Responsiveness of three newly established human colorectal cancer cell lines to transforming growth factors beta 1 and beta 2.

1992 • 57 citations

Expression of platelet-derived growth factors, transforming growth factors, and the ros gene in a variety of primary human brain tumors

1991 • 54 citations

Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling by Low Molecular Weight Compounds Interfering with ATP- or Substrate-Binding Sites of the TGFβ Type I Receptor Kinase

2002 • 53 citations

Co-activation of TGF-ß and cytokine signaling pathways are required for neurotrophic functions

2000 • 51 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta and transforming growth factor beta-receptor expression in human meningioma cells.

1992 • 47 citations

Captopril inhibits glioma cell invasion in vitro: involvement of matrix metalloproteinases.

1995 • 47 citations

Isolation and characterization of activin receptor from mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Identification of its serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase activity.

1992 • 46 citations

Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 in gliomas: correlation with TGF-beta and p53

1998 • 44 citations

Expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factors, Transforming Growth Factors, and the ros Gene in a Variety of Primary Human Brain Tumors

1991 • 44 citations

Changes in the Immunologic Phenotype of Human Malignant Glioma Cells after Passaging in Vitro

2002 • 43 citations

Regulation of cell cycle proteins by TNF-α and TGF-β in cells of oligodendroglial lineage

2000 • 43 citations

Upregulation of endoglin (CD105) expression during childhood brain tumor-related angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenic therapy.

1998 • 40 citations

TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 are potential growth regulators for medulloblastomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and ependymomas: Evidence in support of an autocrine hypothesis

1994 • 38 citations

TGF-β-independent induction of immunogenicity by decorin gene transfer in human malignant glioma cells

1999 • 36 citations

The effects of type beta transforming growth factor on proliferation and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in a human glioblastoma cell line

1988 • 31 citations

Effects of type beta transforming growth factor in combination with retinoic acid or tumor necrosis factor on proliferation of a human glioblastoma cell line and clonogenic cells from freshly resected human brain tumors

1988 • 30 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Stimulates Contraction of Human Glioblastoma Cell-Mediated Collagen Lattice through Enhanced α2 Integrin Expression

2000 • 25 citations

Exploitation of immune mechanisms in the treatment of central nervous system cancer

2000 • 25 citations

TGF-β1 up-regulates paxillin protein expression in malignant astrocytoma cells: requirement for a fibronectin substrate

2001 • 24 citations

Cross-Talk between Bone Morphogenic Proteins and Estrogen Receptor Signaling

2002 • 24 citations

Transforming growth factor beta as a potential tumor progression factor among hyperdiploid glioblastoma cultures: evidence for the role of platelet-derived growth factor.

1997 • 23 citations

CAPTOPRIL RESTORES TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-β TYPE II RECEPTOR AND SENSITIVITY TO TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-β IN MURINE RENAL CELL CANCER CELLS

2001 • 23 citations

Brain tumor development in rats is associated with changes in central nervous system cytokine and neuropeptide systems

1999 • 22 citations

Interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-1 receptor type I, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and TGF-β1 mRNAs in pediatric astrocytomas, ependymomas, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors

1998 • 20 citations

Glioma Immunology and Immunotherapy

2000 • 19 citations

RT-PCR DETECTION OF CYTOKINE TRANSCRIPTS IN A SERIES OF CULTURED HUMAN MENINGIOMAS

1996 • 13 citations

Influence of Putative Antiinvasive Agents on Matrix Metalloproteinase Secretion by Human Neoplastic Glia in Vitro

1999 • 11 citations

Reduction of Absolute Lymphocyte Count in Children With Recurrent Medulloblastoma

1984 • 3 citations