Principles of Educational Multimedia User Interface Design

Levels of processing: A framework for memory research

1972 • 9,205 citations

The Architecture of Cognition

2013 • 6,946 citations

Architecture of Cognition

1983 • 5,085 citations

Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach

1986 • 5,078 citations

A new readability yardstick.

1948 • 4,551 citations

Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.

1973 • 4,419 citations

Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications

2014 • 4,235 citations

Imagery and Verbal Processes

2013 • 4,187 citations

Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory.

1975 • 3,647 citations

Imagery and Verbal Processes

1972 • 3,252 citations

Intrinsic Motivation

1975 • 2,665 citations

Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the "overjustification" hypothesis.

1973 • 2,393 citations

Reconsidering Research on Learning from Media

1983 • 2,383 citations

Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing

1977 • 2,231 citations

Contextual prerequisites for understanding: Some investigations of comprehension and recall

1972 • 2,108 citations

Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status.

1991 • 1,846 citations

Dual coding theory and education

1991 • 1,805 citations

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

1975 • 1,791 citations

Recognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures

1967 • 1,530 citations

Practical Aspects of Memory

1980 • 1,501 citations

The generation effect: Delineation of a phenomenon.

1978 • 1,501 citations

Multimedia learning: Are we asking the right questions?

1997 • 1,480 citations

Levels of processing in human memory

1980 • 1,233 citations

Television is "easy" and print is "tough": The differential investment of mental effort in learning as a function of perceptions and attributions.

1984 • 941 citations

Effects of text illustrations: A review of research

1982 • 931 citations

When is an illustration worth ten thousand words?

1990 • 926 citations

The instructive animation: Helping students build connections between words and pictures in multimedia learning.

1992 • 909 citations

Learning and Memory: An Integrated Approach

1994 • 877 citations

Motivation and Achievement

1975 • 822 citations

Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications

1981 • 811 citations

Animations need narrations: An experimental test of a dual-coding hypothesis.

1991 • 784 citations

Picture superiority in free recall: Imagery or dual coding?

1973 • 707 citations

Models for Understanding

1989 • 671 citations

On interpreting the effects of repetition: Solving a problem versus remembering a solution

1978 • 668 citations

The role of rehearsal in short-term memory

1973 • 609 citations

Educational Technology

1987 • 537 citations

Why are pictures easier to recall than words?

1968 • 480 citations

Systematic thinking fostered by illustrations in scientific text.

1989 • 467 citations

Effects of computer-based teaching on secondary school students.

1983 • 462 citations

Differential effects of incidental tasks on the organization of recall of a list of highly associated words.

1969 • 442 citations

Principles and Guidelines in Software User Interface Design

2008 • 432 citations

On Asking People Questions about What They are Reading

1975 • 378 citations

Pictorial superiority effect.

1976 • 356 citations

Intelligent multimedia interfaces

1994 • 344 citations

Concrete image and verbal memory codes.

1969 • 338 citations

Multimedia information and learning

1996 • 331 citations

A generative theory of textbook design: Using annotated illustrations to foster meaningful learning of science text

1995 • 326 citations

Eye fixations and recognition memory for pictures

1972 • 322 citations

Learning from Written Instructive Materials: An Exploration of the Control of Inspection Behavior by Test-Like Events

1966 • 308 citations

Tracing the time course of picture-word processing.

1980 • 304 citations

Animation in computer-based instruction

1990 • 283 citations

Humor in Advertising

1973 • 281 citations

Enemies of exploration: Self-initiated versus other-initiated learning.

1977 • 260 citations

Machine Mediated Learning

1990 • 258 citations

Tracing the time course of picture–word processing.

1980 • 249 citations

The generation effect: Support for a two-factor theory.

1988 • 226 citations

Modality effects in short-term verbal memory.

1975 • 224 citations

Using computer animated graphics in science instruction with children.

1990 • 223 citations

Comprehension and recall of sentences.

1969 • 221 citations

How Children Learn to Buy

1978 • 217 citations

The role of nonsemantic information in memory: Orthographic distinctiveness effects on retention.

1980 • 215 citations

Instructional Message Design: Principles from the Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences

1993 • 206 citations

Evidence for confounding in computer-based instruction studies: Analyzing the meta-analyses

1985 • 202 citations

The use of analogies in written text

1984 • 196 citations

Generation and precision of elaboration: Effects on intentional and incidental learning.

1987 • 186 citations

Constraints on effective elaboration: Effects of precision and subject generation

1979 • 185 citations

Effects of decision difficulty on recognition and recall

1979 • 183 citations

Comparison of associative learning strategies

1970 • 180 citations

Effects of three types of inserted questions on learning from prose.

1971 • 164 citations

Instructional conditions for using dynamic visual displays: a review

1993 • 164 citations

Coding Distinctions and Repetition Effects in Memory

1975 • 156 citations

Attentional process in reading: The effect of pictures on the acquisition of reading responses.

1967 • 154 citations

Structurally equivalent stories in movie and text and the effect of the medium on recall

1979 • 153 citations

Automating the generation of coordinated multimedia explanations

1991 • 142 citations

On pictures in prose

1978 • 136 citations

Role of temporal overlap of visual and auditory material in forming dual media associations.

1984 • 134 citations

The modality effect and echoic persistence.

1980 • 131 citations

Modality effects in short-term memory: Storage or retrieval?

1968 • 127 citations

Humor in Advertising

1973 • 118 citations

Effects of Humor on Persuasion

1974 • 116 citations

Depth of processing reexamined: The effects of the precision of encoding and test appropriateness

1978 • 112 citations

Pictures, audio, and print: symbolic representation and effect on learning

1982 • 111 citations

Color, graphics, and animation in a computer-assisted learning tutorial lesson

1988 • 107 citations

Student Response in Programmed Instruction

1961 • 107 citations

Retention of pictorial and verbal content of a text with illustrations.

1974 • 105 citations

Effect of graphic analogies of concepts in chemistry on learning and attitudes.

1976 • 103 citations

The modality effect and echoic persistence.

1980 • 102 citations

The Effects of Computer Animated Elaboration Strategies and Practice on Factual and Application Learning in an Elementary Science Lesson

1989 • 101 citations

Constraints on effective elaboration

1978 • 98 citations

Memory for objects in real scenes: The development of recognition and recall

1977 • 97 citations

Influence of spatial organization in prose learning.

1981 • 96 citations

Single and multiple channel communication: A review of research and a proposed model

1961 • 94 citations

Specific impact of radio and television on children's story comprehension.

1983 • 94 citations

Coordinating text and graphics in explanation generation

1990 • 90 citations

Encoding and retrieval in visual memory tasks.

1972 • 84 citations

The role of elaborations in memory for prose

1979 • 81 citations

Research and Theory on Multi-Media Learning Effects

1992 • 80 citations

An evaluation of animated demonstrations of learning computer-based tasks

1991 • 80 citations

Comprehending spatial information: The relative efficiency of different methods of presenting information about bus routes.

1980 • 78 citations

The Relationship between Reading and Cognitive Processing of Television and Radio

1984 • 76 citations

Adapting Visual Illustrations for Effective Learning

1967 • 75 citations

Extrinsic Reward and Intrinsic Motivation: A Review with Implications for the Classroom

1979 • 74 citations

Encoding and retaining information in the visuals and verbals of an educational movie

1983 • 73 citations

The effects of effort toward comprehension on recall

1978 • 71 citations

Experimental manipulation of reading strategies.

1973 • 70 citations

Effect of computer graphics on improving estimates to algebra word problems.

1985 • 69 citations

Maintenance rehearsal and single-level processing

1977 • 68 citations

Characteristics of Media Selection Models

1982 • 66 citations

Increasing the meaningfulness of quantitative material by adapting context to student background.

1983 • 61 citations

An Analysis of Evaluations of Interactive Video.

1986 • 60 citations

Encoding specificity in the recall of pictures and words in children and adults

1981 • 60 citations

The effectiveness and cost of interactive videodisc instruction

1989 • 59 citations

Pictures, repetition, and young children’s oral prose learning1

1976 • 57 citations

The effectiveness of relevant pictures in multiple-channel communications

1967 • 54 citations

The consequences of generation

1992 • 51 citations

When is recall spectacularly higher than recognition?

1974 • 45 citations

DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF VARIABLES RELEVANT TO OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

1971 • 43 citations

Levels of processing, encoding strategies, and memory development

1979 • 42 citations

The motion variable in procedural learning

1973 • 42 citations

Pictorial organization in prose learning

1983 • 41 citations

Motion in Instructional Media: Some Subject-Display Mode Interactions

1977 • 40 citations

Words versus Objects: Comparison of Free Verbal Recall

1965 • 40 citations

Learning of Redundant Material Presented through Two Sensory Modalities

1964 • 39 citations

The effect of monetary incentive in paired associate learning using a differential method

1965 • 37 citations

Developmental Aspects of Variables Relevant to Observational Learning

1971 • 37 citations

The Relative Effectiveness of Varied Visual Illustrations in Complementing Programed Instruction

1967 • 36 citations

Cartoon embellishments in informative presentations

1980 • 36 citations

Elaboration and recall of main ideas in prose.

1983 • 35 citations

Children's Responses to Conflicting Auditory and Visual Features of a Televised Narrative

1989 • 35 citations

Saturation advertising and the repetition effect

1980 • 33 citations

Encoding processes and the recall of text

1983 • 29 citations

Immediate and long-term recognition and generalization of advertised products as a function of age and presentation mode.

1983 • 29 citations

Comparative teaching effectiveness of radio and television

1959 • 27 citations

Television in army training: Color vs black and white

1960 • 27 citations

Pictorial support and specific instructions as design variables for children’s concept and rule learning

1978 • 26 citations

Visual and Auditory Information Processing in Children and Adults

1967 • 26 citations

Effect of curiosity on incidental learning.

1967 • 25 citations

Modality differences in short-term serial memory as a function of presentation rate.

1969 • 24 citations

Information stored when expecting recall or recognition.

1983 • 21 citations

The Effects of Multimedia and Elaborative Encoding on Learning

1996 • 21 citations

Dual Coding as a Possible Explanation for the Effects of Multimedia on Learning

1995 • 20 citations

The relative efficiency of bimodal presentation as an aid to learning

1972 • 20 citations

The Effect of Live, TV, and Audio Story Narration on Primary Grade Children’s Listening Comprehension 1

1974 • 19 citations

Computers in the Schools: Implications of Change

1985 • 18 citations

Remember Dick and Jane? Memory for elementary school readers.

1977 • 17 citations

Immediate and long-term recognition and generalization of advertised products as a function of age and presentation mode.

1983 • 15 citations

Confessions of a textbook writer.

1978 • 15 citations

A Developmental Investigation of Recognition Memory

1976 • 14 citations

Achievement and Retention of Spanish Presented Via Videodisc in Linear, Segmented and Interactive Modes.

1987 • 14 citations

A Developmental Investigation of Recognition Memory

1976 • 14 citations

The effect of colored embellishment of a visual array on a simultaneously presented audio array

1965 • 14 citations

Effects of instructions and age on retention of filmed content.

1969 • 14 citations

Contextual Information and Prose Comprehension

1976 • 13 citations

Levels of processing, context, and the facilitation of pronunciation

1984 • 13 citations

Emotionality of pictures and the retention of related and unrelated phrases

1978 • 13 citations

Levels of processing of normal and ambiguous sentences in different contexts

1978 • 12 citations

Memory for product names: The generation effect

1981 • 12 citations

A Review of the Fundamental Effects of Multimedia Information Presentation on Learning

1995 • 11 citations

An exploratory investigation of children's responses to commercial content of television advertising in relation to their stages of cognitive development

1973 • 11 citations

Effects of active learning with computer-assisted or interactive video instruction

1990 • 11 citations

Interaction among pictorial components in the recall of picture captions.

1976 • 11 citations

The effect of presentation method on short-term recall of CCC trigrams

1967 • 10 citations

Improving the retention of aurally presented information

1987 • 9 citations

Prose Processing

1975 • 8 citations

A framework for learning from media :the effects of materials, tasks, and tests on performance

1997 • 8 citations

One Picture Equals 1,000 Words?.

1970 • 8 citations

A New Guide to Better Writing

1980 • 7 citations

A study of information and vocabulary achievement from the teaching of natural science by television in the fifth grade

1961 • 6 citations