Cytokines and Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cerebral Ischemia

Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Ischemic Stroke

1995 • 10,997 citations

Interleukin-6 and the acute phase response

1990 • 2,740 citations

Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism

1991 • 2,276 citations

Human Chemokines: An Update

1997 • 2,235 citations

The TNF receptor superfamily of cellular and viral proteins: Activation, costimulation, and death

1994 • 1,920 citations

Interleukin-6 in Biology and Medicine

1993 • 1,398 citations

Cerebral ischemia. II. The no-reflow phenomenon.

1968 • 1,346 citations

MAPKs: new JNK expands the group

1994 • 949 citations

Altered neuronal and microglial responses to excitotoxic and ischemic brain injury in mice lacking TNF receptors

1996 • 947 citations

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces biosynthesis and cell surface expression of procoagulant activity in human vascular endothelial cells.

1984 • 944 citations

The sphingomyelin pathway in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 signaling

1994 • 934 citations

Leukocyte adhesion to endothelium in inflammation

1990 • 882 citations

Deactivation of macrophages by transforming growth factor-β

1988 • 876 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

1997 • 864 citations

Interleukin 1 of the central nervous system is produced by ameboid microglia.

1986 • 858 citations

Requirement for Transcription Factor IRF-1 in NO Synthase Induction in Macrophages

1994 • 840 citations

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an anti-inflammatory cytokine: induction of circulating IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p55

1994 • 799 citations

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in ischemic neurons.

1994 • 793 citations

Production of tumor necrosis factor and other cytokines by astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or a neurotropic virus.

1989 • 785 citations

The expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, PECAM, and E‐selectin in human atherosclerosis

1993 • 772 citations

Production of prostaglandin E and an interleukin-1 like factor by cultured astrocytes and C6 glioma cells.

1982 • 754 citations

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes occlude capillaries following middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in baboons.

1991 • 741 citations

The pathophysiology of brain ischemia

1983 • 637 citations

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and stroke.

1992 • 617 citations

Interleukin 1 induces endothelial cell procoagulant while suppressing cell-surface anticoagulant activity.

1986 • 592 citations

Detection of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 in adult rat brain, following mechanical injury, by in vivo microdialysis: evidence of a role for microglia in cytokine production

1991 • 579 citations

Interleukin-1 as a Pathogenetic Mediator of Ischemic Brain Damage in Rats

1995 • 572 citations

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist inhibits ischaemic and excitotoxic neuronal damage in the rat

1992 • 547 citations

Cerebral protection in homozygous null ICAM-1 mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Role of neutrophil adhesion in the pathogenesis of stroke.

1996 • 521 citations

Macrophage deactivating factor and transforming growth factors-beta 1 -beta 2 and -beta 3 inhibit induction of macrophage nitrogen oxide synthesis by IFN-gamma.

1990 • 507 citations

Influx of leukocytes and platelets in an evolving brain infarct (Wistar rat).

1994 • 491 citations

Correlation between myeloperoxidase-quantified neutrophil accumulation and ischemic brain injury in the rat. Effects of neutrophil depletion.

1994 • 485 citations

Progression from ischemic injury to infarct following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.

1993 • 484 citations

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation in brain regions with low blood flow during the early postischemic period.

1986 • 474 citations

Diversity in function and regulation of MAP kinase pathways

1994 • 469 citations

Neuroprotective Effects of Human Recombinant Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Focal Cerebral Ischaemia in the Rat

1996 • 456 citations

P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression after focal brain ischemia and reperfusion.

1994 • 428 citations

Cytokines, inflammation, and brain injury: role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

1994 • 421 citations

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?) in inflammation: A cause and a cure

1992 • 417 citations

Induction of rat acute‐phase proteins by interleukin 6 in vivo

1988 • 412 citations

Induction of phospholipase A2 gene expression in human hepatoma cells by mediators of the acute phase response

1991 • 406 citations

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-mediated signaling pathways.

1994 • 389 citations

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in cellular immune reactions in the human central nervous system.

1990 • 388 citations

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration into cerebral focal ischemic tissue: Myeloperoxidase activity assay and histologic verification

1991 • 382 citations

The interaction of leukocytes and erythrocytes in capillary and postcapillary vessels

1980 • 379 citations

Early Intrathecal Production of Interleukin-6 Predicts the Size of Brain Lesion in Stroke

1995 • 375 citations

Microvascular Basal Lamina Antigens Disappear During Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion

1995 • 369 citations

The role of cytokines in the generation of inflammation and tissue damage in experimental gram-positive meningitis.

1990 • 367 citations

Anti‐ICAM‐1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

1994 • 360 citations

Neuronal Necrosis After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Wistar Rats Progresses at Different Time Intervals in the Caudoputamen and the Cortex

1995 • 349 citations

Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor gene expression induced in endothelial cells by IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor.

1990 • 348 citations

Postischemic administration of an anti-Mac-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

1994 • 347 citations

TNF-α Pretreatment Induces Protective Effects against Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

1997 • 346 citations

Anti–Intercellular Adhesion Molecule–1 Antibody Reduces Ischemic Cell Damage After Transient But Not Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Wistar Rat

1995 • 346 citations

Immunoreactive interleukin-1β localization in the rat forebrain

1990 • 343 citations

Induction of Interleukin‐1β mRNA in Rat Brain After Transient Forebrain Ischemia

1992 • 336 citations

Interleukin-1 beta mRNA expression in ischemic rat cortex.

1993 • 335 citations

Proinflammatory cytokines in serum of patients with acute cerebral ischemia: kinetics of secretion and relation to the extent of brain damage and outcome of disease

1994 • 332 citations

Adhesion Molecules

1996 • 329 citations

Temporal profile of ischemic tissue damage, neutrophil response, and vascular plugging following permanent and transient (2H) middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

1994 • 319 citations

Prolonged Persistence of Substantial Volumes of Potentially Viable Brain Tissue After Stroke

1996 • 318 citations

Chemokines and tissue injury.

1995 • 303 citations

Mediation of Cardioprotection by Transforming Growth Factor-β

1990 • 292 citations

Hemorrhagic Transformation and Microvascular Integrity during Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion

1996 • 291 citations

Lymphocytic Infiltration and Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Photochemically Induced Ischemia of the Rat Cortex

1995 • 286 citations

Systematic review of evidence on thrombolytic therapy for acute ischaemic stroke

1997 • 285 citations

Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat

1995 • 283 citations

Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia Stimulates Cytokine Gene Expression in Perinatal Rats

1995 • 282 citations

Concomitant cortical expression of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNAs follows early response gene expression in transient focal ischemia

1994 • 278 citations

Increased Expression of TGF-β1 in Brain Tissue After Ischemic Stroke in Humans

1996 • 275 citations

Interleukin-1 Costimulatory Activity on the Interleukin-2 Promoter Via AP-1

1989 • 271 citations

Cerebral Infarction

1974 • 266 citations

Development of tissue damage, inflammation and resolution following stroke: An immunohistochemical and quantitative planimetric study

1993 • 262 citations

Preceding infection as an important risk factor for ischaemic brain infarction in young and middle aged patients

1988 • 260 citations

Role of cell adhesion molecules in brain injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

1994 • 257 citations

Recent Infection as a Risk Factor for Cerebrovascular Ischemia

1995 • 248 citations

Dynamics of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Accumulation in Acute Cerebral Infarction and Their Correlation With Brain Tissue Damage

1996 • 240 citations

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist decreases the number of necrotic neurons in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion.

1995 • 238 citations

Induction of interleukin-1β mRNA after focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat

1994 • 236 citations

Interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist in acute stroke

1995 • 235 citations

The neutrophil chemoattractant produced by the rat kidney epithelioid cell line NRK-52E is a protein related to the KC/gro protein

1989 • 234 citations

Anti‐CD11b monoclonal antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rat

1994 • 231 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β₁ Prevents Glutamate Neurotoxicity in Rat Neocortical Cultures and Protects Mouse Neocortex from Ischemic Injury in vivo

1993 • 228 citations

Endothelial Adhesiveness for Blood Neutrophils Is Inhibited by Transforming Growth Factor-β

1988 • 224 citations

Reduction of central nervous system ischemic injury by monoclonal antibody to intercellular adhesion molecule

1991 • 207 citations

Peripheral Administration of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Brain Damage after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat

1996 • 206 citations

Serial Measurement of Interleukin-6, Transforming Growth Factor-β, and S-100 Protein in Patients With Acute Stroke

1996 • 204 citations

TGF-β1 Protects Hippocampal Neurons Against Degeneration Caused by Transient Global Ischemia

1996 • 202 citations

Increased interleukin-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid following subarachnoid hemorrhage

1993 • 199 citations

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein–1 Messenger RNA Expression in Rat Ischemic Cortex

1995 • 198 citations

Monoclonal antibodies preventing leukocyte activation reduce experimental neurologic injury and enhance efficacy of thrombolytic therapy

1995 • 192 citations

Expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and their respective receptors in the normal rat brain and after injury

1992 • 191 citations

Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Amelioration of Brain Infarction in Mice

1997 • 190 citations

Antibodies against Adhesion Molecules Reduce Apoptosis after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rat Brain

1996 • 188 citations

Reperfusion increases neutrophils and leukotriene B4 receptor binding in rat focal ischemia.

1992 • 187 citations

Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1‐deficient mice are less susceptible to cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion lnjury

1996 • 183 citations

Expression of Interleukin-6, c-Fos, and zif268 mRNAs in Rat Ischemic Cortex

1995 • 179 citations

Interleukin-6 and ACTH act synergistically to stimulate the release of corticosterone from adrenal gland cells

1990 • 177 citations

Differential and time-dependent expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA by astrocytes and macrophages in rat brain: effects of ischemia and peripheral lipopolysaccharide administration

1997 • 175 citations

Increased plasma and ventricular fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with head injury.

1991 • 174 citations

Circulating Selectin- and Immunoglobulin-Type Adhesion Molecules in Acute Ischemic Stroke

1995 • 172 citations

Reperfusion following focal stroke hastens inflammation and resolution of ischemic injured tissue

1994 • 171 citations

Interferon-inducible Protein-10 Involves Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration, Proliferation, and Inflammatory Response

1996 • 165 citations

Rapid Disruption of an Astrocyte Interaction With the Extracellular Matrix Mediated by Integrin α₆β₄During Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion

1997 • 165 citations

Acute Infection as a Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke

1996 • 163 citations

The Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (rhIL-1ra) Protects against Cerebral Infarction in a Rat Model of Hypoxia-Ischemia

1994 • 161 citations

Experimental Antileukocyte Interventions in Cerebral Ischemia

1996 • 158 citations

Tumor necrosis factor enhances expression of tissue factor mRNA in endothelial cells

1989 • 156 citations

Interferon-gamma: A Review

1989 • 156 citations

The Biology of Interleukin-6

2015 • 154 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 reduces infarct size after experimental cerebral ischemia in a rabbit model.

1993 • 153 citations

Neutrophil inhibitory factor is neuroprotective after focal Ischemia in rats

1995 • 150 citations

Expression of transforming growth factor-?1 and interleukin-1? mRNA in rat brain following transient forebrain ischemia

1993 • 150 citations

The temporal profiles of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expression after transient MCA occlusion in the rat

1995 • 149 citations

Interleukin-1 Receptor and Receptor Antagonist Gene Expression After Focal Stroke in Rats

1997 • 148 citations

Leukocyte Activation Detected by Increased Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Mediators in Patients With Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases

1996 • 147 citations

Progressive expression of immunomolecules on activated microglia and invading leukocytes following focal cerebral ischemia in the rat

1996 • 147 citations

The role of neutrophils and platelets in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke.

1991 • 146 citations

Precipitants of Brain Infarction

1996 • 144 citations

E-Selectin Appears in Nonischemic Tissue During Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia

1996 • 139 citations

Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on brain microvascular endothelial cells in rat ischemic cortex

1994 • 136 citations

Lipocortin-1 is an endogenous inhibitor of ischemic damage in the rat brain.

1991 • 134 citations

Transient Increase of Cytokine-Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant, a Member of the Interleukin-8 Family, in Ischemic Brain Areas After Focal Ischemia in Rats

1995 • 132 citations

Variables Associated With Hospital Arrival Time After Stroke

1997 • 117 citations

Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant mRNA expressed in cerebral ischemia

1993 • 114 citations

Integrin alphavbeta3 is expressed in selected microvessels after focal cerebral ischemia.

1996 • 113 citations

Cytokines in cerebral ischemia: Expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) mRNA in the postischemic adult rat hippocampus

1995 • 113 citations

Preischemic But Not Postischemic Zinc Protoporphyrin Treatment Reduces Infarct Size and Edema Accumulation After Temporary Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

1995 • 112 citations

E-Selectin in Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in the Rat

1996 • 111 citations

Neuronal rescue with transforming growth factor-β1 after hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury

1994 • 110 citations

An in situ hybridization study on interleukin-1β mRNA induced by transient forebrain ischemia in the rat brain

1994 • 109 citations

Possible involvement of interleukin-1 in ischemic brain edema formation

1992 • 108 citations

Demonstration of Increased Endothelial-Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule–1 mRNA Expression in Rat Ischemic Cortex

1995 • 99 citations

Postischemic treatment (2–4 h) with anti-CD11b and anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies are neuroprotective after transient (2 h) focal cerebral ischemia in the rat

1995 • 99 citations

Histologic Assessment of the Age of Recent Brain Infarcts in Man

1993 • 88 citations

Glial expression of cytokines in the brains of cerebrovascular disease patients

1996 • 86 citations

Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology After Stroke

1972 • 84 citations

Elevation of organ resistance due to leukocyte perfusion

1992 • 83 citations

Interleukin‐6 an endocrine cytokine

1994 • 77 citations

The Biology of Interleukin-6 (Part 1 of 2)

1992 • 74 citations

Lack of Evidence for Neutrophil Participation during Infarct Formation Following Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat

1996 • 71 citations

MRI and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential Evidence of Eighth Cranial Nerve Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis

1997 • 66 citations

Monoclonal leukocyte antibody does not decrease the injury of transient focal cerebral ischemia in cats.

1992 • 66 citations

Adhesive glycoproteins CD11a and CD18 are upregulated in the leukocytes from patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks

1995 • 62 citations

Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels and neutrophil adhesion in stroke

1993 • 56 citations

Do leukocytes have a role in the cerebral no-reflow phenomenon?

1989 • 47 citations

Stroke Therapy

1993 • 41 citations

Induction of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecule mRNA in a rat forebrain reperfusion model

1997 • 40 citations

Effects of CD11b/18 monoclonal antibody on rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.

1996 • 38 citations

Adhesion Molecules on Normotensive and Hypertensive Rat Brain Endothelial Cells

1994 • 35 citations

Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Behavior in a Nonhuman Primate Focal Ischemia Model

1994 • 32 citations

Interferon-γ and Transforming Growth Factor-β Modulate the Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production Induced by Fcγ-Receptor Stimulation in Murine Macrophages

1997 • 30 citations

Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Should Not Be Used in Acute Ischemic Stroke

1996 • 26 citations

TGF-β1 post-treatment in a rabbit model of cerebral ischaemia

1994 • 24 citations

Synthetic peptide derived from the Bordetella pertussis bacterium reduces infarct volume after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

1996 • 9 citations