Glial expression of cytokines in the brains of cerebrovascular disease patients

Tumor necrosis factor mediates myelin and oligodendrocyte damage in vitro

1988 • 1,371 citations

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increases both in the brain and in the cerebrospinal fluid from parkinsonian patients

1994 • 923 citations

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in ischemic neurons.

1994 • 793 citations

Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain.

1989 • 793 citations

Production of tumor necrosis factor and other cytokines by astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or a neurotropic virus.

1989 • 785 citations

Tumour necrosis factor as immunomodulator and mediator of monocyte cytotoxicity induced by itself, γ-interferon and interleukin-1

1986 • 781 citations

Interleukin-1 Immunoreactive Innervation of the Human Hypothalamus

1988 • 771 citations

The adhesion molecule and cytokine profile of multiple sclerosis lesions

1995 • 761 citations

Identification of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor in multiple sclerosis lesions.

1991 • 735 citations

Detection of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 in adult rat brain, following mechanical injury, by in vivo microdialysis: evidence of a role for microglia in cytokine production

1991 • 579 citations

Interleukin-1 as a Pathogenetic Mediator of Ischemic Brain Damage in Rats

1995 • 572 citations

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist inhibits ischaemic and excitotoxic neuronal damage in the rat

1992 • 547 citations

Elevated circulating tumor necrosis factor levels in Alzheimer's disease

1991 • 489 citations

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation in brain regions with low blood flow during the early postischemic period.

1986 • 474 citations

Cytokine cytotoxicity against oligodendrocytes. Apoptosis induced by lymphotoxin.

1991 • 455 citations

P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression after focal brain ischemia and reperfusion.

1994 • 428 citations

Production of cytotoxic factor for oligodendrocytes by stimulated astrocytes.

1987 • 426 citations

Early Intrathecal Production of Interleukin-6 Predicts the Size of Brain Lesion in Stroke

1995 • 375 citations

Induction of Interleukin‐1β mRNA in Rat Brain After Transient Forebrain Ischemia

1992 • 336 citations

Proinflammatory cytokines in serum of patients with acute cerebral ischemia: kinetics of secretion and relation to the extent of brain damage and outcome of disease

1994 • 332 citations

Effects of kainic acid on messenger RNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and LIF in the rat brain

1991 • 330 citations

Lymphocytic Infiltration and Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Photochemically Induced Ischemia of the Rat Cortex

1995 • 286 citations

Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia Stimulates Cytokine Gene Expression in Perinatal Rats

1995 • 282 citations

Glial activation and white matter changes in the rat brain induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: an immunohistochemical study

1994 • 270 citations

Intrathecal application of interferon gamma. Progressive appearance of MHC antigens within the rat nervous system.

1990 • 240 citations

Distribution and characterization of tumor necrosis factor‐α‐like immunoreactivity in the murine central nervous system

1993 • 218 citations

Increased interleukin-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid following subarachnoid hemorrhage

1993 • 199 citations

Multiple sclerosis: Involvement of interferons in lesion pathogenesis

1988 • 188 citations

TNFα induces IL-6 production by astrocytes but not by microglia

1992 • 185 citations

Localization of TNFα and IL-1a immunoreactivities in striatal neurons after surgical injury to the hippocampus

1993 • 180 citations

Inflammatory glia mediate delayed neuronal damage after ischemia in the central nervous system.

1993 • 155 citations

Exposure of tumor necrosis factor‐α to luminal membrane of bovine brain capillary endothelial cells cocultured with astrocytes induces a delayed increase of permeability and cytoplasmic stress fiber formation of actin

1995 • 153 citations

Expression of transforming growth factor-?1 and interleukin-1? mRNA in rat brain following transient forebrain ischemia

1993 • 150 citations

Glial Cytokines as Neuropathogenic Factors in HIV Infection

1994 • 147 citations

Progressive expression of immunomolecules on microglial cells in rat dorsal hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia

1992 • 139 citations

Neutrophil as a mediator of ischemic edema formation in the brain

1991 • 131 citations

Gamma-interferon-like immunoreactivity in axotomized rat motor neurons

1989 • 126 citations

Astrocyte cultures from human embryonic brain: Characterization and modulation of surface molecules by inflammatory cytokines

1992 • 122 citations

Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant mRNA expressed in cerebral ischemia

1993 • 114 citations

Cytokines in cerebral ischemia: Expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) mRNA in the postischemic adult rat hippocampus

1995 • 113 citations

An in situ hybridization study on interleukin-1β mRNA induced by transient forebrain ischemia in the rat brain

1994 • 109 citations

Postischemic treatment (2–4 h) with anti-CD11b and anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies are neuroprotective after transient (2 h) focal cerebral ischemia in the rat

1995 • 99 citations

Interferon‐gamma‐like immunoreactivity in certain neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system

1989 • 83 citations

Immunohistochemistry using antibodies to α-interferon and its induced protein, MxA, in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease brain tissues

1994 • 74 citations

Interferon‐γ potentiates antibody‐mediated demyelination in vivo

1992 • 65 citations

Expression of cytokines in brain lesions in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

1994 • 54 citations

T-cell infiltration and expression of MHC class II antigen by macrophages and microglia in a heterogeneous group in leukoencephalopathy.

1993 • 42 citations

Rat astrocytes express interferon-γ immunoreactivity in normal optic nerve and after nerve transection

1990 • 32 citations

TGF-β1 post-treatment in a rabbit model of cerebral ischaemia

1994 • 24 citations

Increase in permeability of human endothelial cell monolayer by recombinant human lymphotoxin

1989 • 13 citations