Protein folding in the landscape perspective: Chevron plots and non-arrhenius kinetics
Data up to Jan 2025
Total Citations Per Year
Abstract
References (191)
Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines
1953 • 34,935 citations
Principles of Polymer Chemistry.
1954 • 16,197 citations
Principles of polymer chemistry
1995 • 15,622 citations
Theory of simple liquids
1976 • 8,042 citations
Principles that Govern the Folding of Protein Chains
1973 • 6,771 citations
Proteins: Structures and Molecular Properties
1986 • 2,694 citations
Funnels, pathways, and the energy landscape of protein folding: A synthesis
1995 • 2,607 citations
From Levinthal to pathways to funnels
1997 • 2,277 citations
Protein Denaturation
1968 • 2,108 citations
Spin glasses and the statistical mechanics of protein folding.
1987 • 1,608 citations
Principles of protein folding — A perspective from simple exact models
1995 • 1,532 citations
Are there pathways for protein folding?
1968 • 1,496 citations
The molten globule state as a clue for understanding the folding and cooperativity of globular‐protein structure
1989 • 1,446 citations
Chemical kinetics and dynamics
1989 • 1,432 citations
Theory for the folding and stability of globular proteins
1985 • 1,248 citations
Proteins. Structures and molecular properties
1984 • 1,247 citations
Navigating the Folding Routes
1995 • 1,193 citations
THE KINETICS OF FORMATION OF NATIVE RIBONUCLEASE DURING OXIDATION OF THE REDUCED POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN
1961 • 1,148 citations
INTERMEDIATES IN THE FOLDING REACTIONS OF SMALL PROTEINS
1990 • 1,133 citations
Consideration of the possibility that the slow step in protein denaturation reactions is due to cis-trans isomerism of proline residues
1975 • 1,108 citations
Specific Intermediates in the Folding Reactions of Small Proteins and the Mechanism of Protein Folding
1982 • 1,041 citations
A lattice statistical mechanics model of the conformational and sequence spaces of proteins
1989 • 962 citations
How does a protein fold?
1994 • 947 citations
The folding of an enzyme
1992 • 931 citations
Protein folding funnels: a kinetic approach to the sequence-structure relationship.
1992 • 923 citations
Folding of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2. 1. Evidence for a two-state transition
1991 • 882 citations
Theoretical Studies of Protein Folding
1983 • 831 citations
Structural characterization of folding intermediates in cytochrome c by H-exchange labelling and proton NMR
1988 • 823 citations
Intermediates and barrier crossing in a random energy model (with applications to protein folding)
1989 • 748 citations
The folding of hen lysozyme involves partially structured intermediates and multiple pathways
1992 • 719 citations
STUDIES ON PROTEIN FOLDING, UNFOLDING AND FLUCTUATIONS BY COMPUTER SIMULATION
1975 • 658 citations
Diffusion Constants near the Critical Point for Time-Dependent Ising Models. I
1966 • 577 citations
Kinetics of Protein Folding
1994 • 572 citations
Endothelial cells produce a latent inhibitor of plasminogen activators that can be activated by denaturants.
1985 • 555 citations
Structural basis of latency in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
1992 • 552 citations
The Role of Solvent Viscosity in the Dynamics of Protein Conformational Changes
1992 • 542 citations
Basic Chemical Kinetics
1981 • 531 citations
Toward an outline of the topography of a realistic protein-folding funnel.
1995 • 510 citations
Reexamination of the Folding of BPTI: Predominance of Native Intermediates
1991 • 505 citations
Levinthal's paradox.
1992 • 495 citations
Specific Nucleus as the Transition State for Protein Folding: Evidence from the Lattice Model
1994 • 478 citations
Optimization of rates of protein folding: the nucleation-condensation mechanism and its implications.
1995 • 467 citations
Trifluoroethanol-induced Stabilization of the α-Helical Structure of β-Lactoglobulin: Implication for Non-hierarchical Protein Folding
1995 • 446 citations
Transient folding intermediates characterized by protein engineering
1990 • 446 citations
Basic Chemical Kinetics
2011 • 440 citations
The barriers in protein folding
1994 • 436 citations
Diffusive dynamics of the reaction coordinate for protein folding funnels
1996 • 436 citations
PATHWAYS OF PROTEIN FOLDING
1993 • 435 citations
Protein folding kinetics: timescales, pathways and energy landscapes in terms of sequence-dependent properties
1997 • 404 citations
Proteins with selected sequences fold into unique native conformation
1994 • 395 citations
Theoretical studies of protein-folding thermodynamics and kinetics
1997 • 387 citations
The nature of folded states of globular proteins
1992 • 378 citations
Kinetics and thermodynamics of folding in model proteins.
1993 • 371 citations
Kinetics of protein folding: Nucleation mechanism, time scales, and pathways
1995 • 348 citations
Evidence for a three-state model of protein folding from kinetic analysis of ubiquitin variants with altered core residues
1996 • 347 citations
Conserved residues and the mechanism of protein folding
1996 • 347 citations
Understanding how proteins fold: the lysozyme story so far
1994 • 341 citations
Protein folding funnels: the nature of the transition state ensemble
1996 • 326 citations
The nature of protein folding pathways: The classical versus the new view
1995 • 315 citations
A test of the linear extrapolation of unfolding free energy changes over an extended denaturant concentration range
1992 • 314 citations
The Protein Folding Problem
1993 • 309 citations
Polymer Principles in Protein Structure and Stability
1991 • 308 citations
Characterizing transition states in protein folding: an essential step in the puzzle
1995 • 308 citations
Mobile reactive centre of serpins and the control of thrombosis
1991 • 304 citations
Kinetic traps in lysozyme folding.
1995 • 298 citations
Protein folding bottlenecks: A lattice Monte Carlo simulation
1991 • 296 citations
Transition states and folding dynamics of proteins and heteropolymers
1994 • 286 citations
Extremely rapid protein folding in the absence of intermediates
1995 • 282 citations
Comparison of the transient folding intermediates in lysozyme and .alpha.-lactalbumin
1985 • 281 citations
Implications of thermodynamics of protein folding for evolution of primary sequences
1990 • 279 citations
Impact of Local and Non-local Interactions on Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Protein Folding
1995 • 271 citations
The Application of the Theory of Absolute Reacton Rates to Proteins.
1939 • 266 citations
Kinetics of Folding of Proteins and RNA
1996 • 265 citations
Folding kinetics of proteinlike heteropolymers
1994 • 263 citations
The Levinthal paradox: yesterday and today
1997 • 262 citations
Theoretical studies of protein folding and unfolding
1995 • 261 citations
Solvent denaturation and stabilization of globular proteins
1991 • 260 citations
Non-native α-helical intermediate in the refolding of β-lactoglobulin, a predominantly β-sheet protein
1996 • 259 citations
On-pathway versus off-pathway folding intermediates
1996 • 259 citations
Evidence for identity between the equilibrium unfolding intermediate and a transient folding intermediate: a comparative study of the folding reactions of .alpha.-lactalbumin and lysozyme
1986 • 254 citations
The folding of an enzyme
1992 • 247 citations
Pulsed H/D-exchange studies of folding intermediates
1993 • 245 citations
Rapid formation of secondary structure framework in protein folding studied by stopped‐flow circular dichroism
1987 • 244 citations
Viscosity Dependence of the Folding Rates of Proteins
1997 • 237 citations
Respective roles of short- and long-range interactions in protein folding.
1978 • 235 citations
Molecular collapse: The rate-limiting step in two-state cytochrome c folding
1996 • 234 citations
From Minimal Models to Real Proteins: Time Scales for Protein Folding Kinetics
1995 • 230 citations
Acid catalysis of the formation of the slow-folding species of RNase A: Evidence that the reaction is proline isomerization
1978 • 229 citations
Negative activation enthalpies in the kinetics of protein folding.
1995 • 224 citations
Noninteracting local‐structure model of folding and unfolding transition in globular proteins. I. Formulation
1981 • 224 citations
Following protein folding in real time using NMR spectroscopy
1995 • 223 citations
Monte Carlo Simulation of a First-Order Transition for Protein Folding
1994 • 219 citations
Submillisecond folding of monomeric lambda repressor.
1995 • 218 citations
Theory of Simple Liquids
1978 • 214 citations
Detection and characterization of a folding intermediate in barnase by NMR
1990 • 212 citations
Compact polymers
1989 • 210 citations
Thermal stabilities of globular proteins
1989 • 207 citations
Folding of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2. 2. Influence of proline isomerization on the folding kinetics and thermodynamic characterization of the transition state of folding
1991 • 204 citations
Intrachain loops in polymers: Effects of excluded volume
1989 • 200 citations
Free energy landscape for protein folding kinetics: Intermediates, traps, and multiple pathways in theory and lattice model simulations
1994 • 199 citations
Criterion that Determines the Foldability of Proteins
1996 • 198 citations
Simple model of protein folding kinetics.
1995 • 198 citations
[26] Effect of point mutations of the folding of globular proteins
1987 • 192 citations
‘‘Sequence space soup’’ of proteins and copolymers
1991 • 188 citations
The energy landscape of a fast-folding protein mapped by Ala→Gly Substitutions
1997 • 187 citations
Noninteracting local‐structure model of folding and unfolding transition in globular proteins. II. Application to two‐dimensional lattice proteins
1981 • 182 citations
Early folding intermediate of ribonuclease A.
1990 • 180 citations
High Helical Propensity of the Peptide Fragments Derived from β-Lactoglobulin, a Predominantly β-sheet Protein
1995 • 173 citations
Kinetics of unfolding and refolding of proteins
1973 • 173 citations
Protein folding kinetics exhibit an Arrhenius temperature dependence when corrected for the temperature dependence of protein stability
1997 • 165 citations
Low-temperature unfolding of a mutant of phage T4 lysozyme. 2. Kinetic investigations
1989 • 161 citations
Kinetic analysis of folding and unfolding the 56 amino acid IgG-binding domain of streptococcal protein G
1992 • 158 citations
Effect of rotation on the diffusion-controlled rate of ligand-protein association.
1975 • 158 citations
Mechanism of folding of ribonuclease A. Slow refolding is a sequential reaction via structural intermediates
1983 • 158 citations
Low-temperature unfolding of a mutant of phage T4 lysozyme. 1. Equilibrium studies
1989 • 157 citations
Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of proteinlike heteropolymers: Monte Carlo histogram technique
1995 • 155 citations
Is Burst Hydrophobic Collapse Necessary for Protein Folding?
1995 • 152 citations
Characterization of the transition state of Lysozyme unfolding. I. Effect of protein‐solvent interactions on the transition state
1984 • 149 citations
Kinetics of unfolding and refolding of proteins
1973 • 145 citations
Barriers to protein folding: formation of buried polar interactions is a slow step in acquisition of structure.
1996 • 145 citations
Structure of the hydrophobic core in the transition state for folding of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2: A critical test of the protein engineering method of analysis
1993 • 141 citations
Kinetic resolution of peptide bond and side chain far-UV circular dichroism during the folding of hen egg white lysozyme
1992 • 138 citations
Kinetic Evidence for Incorrectly Folded Intermediate States in the Refolding of Denatured Proteins
1971 • 135 citations
Diffusion control in an elementary protein folding reaction
1997 • 135 citations
Calculation of protein tertiary structure
1976 • 133 citations
A sequential model of nucleation-dependent protein folding: Kinetic studies of ribonuclease A
1972 • 132 citations
Thermodynamic Properties of an Extremely Rapid Protein Folding Reaction
1996 • 128 citations
Tertiary Interactions in the Folding Pathway of Hen Lysozyme: Kinetic Studies Using Fluorescent Probes
1994 • 128 citations
Modeling the effects of mutations on the denatured states of proteins
1992 • 126 citations
The Burst-phase Intermediate in the Refolding of β-Lactoglobulin Studied by Stopped-flow Circular Dichroism and Absorption Spectroscopy
1996 • 126 citations
Movement of the position of the transition state in protein folding
1995 • 126 citations
Energy landscapes and the collapse dynamics of homopolymers
1993 • 122 citations
Factors governing the foldability of proteins
1996 • 120 citations
Kinetics of unfolding and refolding of proteins
1973 • 119 citations
Designing amino acid sequences to fold with good hydrophobic cores
1995 • 112 citations
Folding kinetics of proteins and copolymers
1992 • 112 citations
Universality and diversity of the protein folding scenarios:a comprehensive analysis with the aid of a lattice model
1996 • 109 citations
A rate process with an entropy barrier
1991 • 106 citations
An evaluation of the use of hydrogen exchange at equilibrium to probe intermediates on the protein folding pathway
1996 • 106 citations
A reexamination of the folding mechanism of dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli: Verification and refinement of a four-channel model
1993 • 99 citations
Comparing folding codes for proteins and polymers
1996 • 99 citations
Local Interactions Dominate Folding in a Simple Protein Model
1996 • 95 citations
The chaperonin GroEL does not recognize apo-α-lactalbumin in the molten globule state
1994 • 94 citations
Nucleation mechanism for protein folding and theoretical predictions for hydrogen‐exchange labeling experiments
1995 • 94 citations
How optimization of potential functions affects protein folding.
1996 • 91 citations
Titration Properties and Thermodynamics of the Transition State for Folding: Comparison of Two-state and Multi-state Folding Pathways
1996 • 89 citations
Formation of the intrachain disulfide bond in the constant fragment of the immunoglobulin light chain
1981 • 89 citations
Modeling the role of disulfide bonds in protein folding: Entropic barriers and pathways
1995 • 83 citations
Statistical thermodynamics of protein folding: sequence dependence
1994 • 81 citations
How Valid Are Denaturant-Induced Unfolding Free Energy Measurements? Level of Conformance to Common Assumptions over an Extended Range of Ribonuclease A Stability
1995 • 80 citations
Structure and Stability of Monomeric .lambda. Repressor: NMR Evidence for Two-State Folding
1995 • 80 citations
A simple model of chaperonin-mediated protein folding
1996 • 80 citations
SOLVATION: HOW TO OBTAIN MICROSCOPIC ENERGIES FROM PARTITIONING AND SOLVATION EXPERIMENTS
1997 • 80 citations
Folding kinetics of T4 lysozyme and nine mutants at 12 .degree.C
1992 • 77 citations
High helicity of peptide fragments corresponding to β-strand regions of β-lactoglobulin observed by 2D-NMR spectroscopy
1996 • 76 citations
The nucleation-collapse mechanism in protein folding: evidence for the non-uniqueness of the folding nucleus
1997 • 76 citations
Monte Carlo simulation of folding transitions of simple model proteins using a chain growth algorithm
1992 • 75 citations
Further evidence suggesting that the slow phase in protein unfolding and refolding is due to proline isomerization: a kinetic study of carp parvalbumins
1978 • 68 citations
Nature of the fast and slow refolding reactions of iron(III) cytochrome c
1981 • 65 citations
The Sequential Unfolding of Ribonuclease A: Detection of a Fast Initial Phase in the Kinetics of Unfolding
1971 • 61 citations
The energetic ups and downs of protein folding
1994 • 61 citations
Effect of a single amino acid substitution on the folding of the .alpha. subunit of tryptophan synthase
1983 • 61 citations
Kinetically Controlled Folding of the Serpin Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1
1996 • 60 citations
Local interactions and the optimization of protein folding
1997 • 59 citations
Lattice model for rapidly folding protein-like heteropolymers.
1995 • 57 citations
Kinetic analysis of the reversible folding reactions of small proteins: Application to the folding of lysozyme and cytochrome c
1977 • 56 citations
Multiparameter kinetic study on the unfolding and refolding of bovine carbonic anhydrase B
1980 • 55 citations
Effects of proline mutations on the unfolding and refolding of human lysozyme: the slow refolding kinetic phase does not result from proline cis-trans isomerization
1991 • 49 citations
Detection of three kinetic phases in the thermal unfolding of ferricytochrome c
1973 • 48 citations
Folding of RNase T1 is decelerated by a specific tertiary contact in a folding intermediate
1992 • 47 citations
On the theory of folding kinetics for short proteins
1997 • 47 citations
Properties of the Refolding and Unfolding Reactions of Ribonuclease A
1972 • 46 citations
Mechanisms of the multiphasic kinetics in the folding and unfolding of globular proteins
1978 • 41 citations
Characterization of a slow folding reaction for the α subunit of tryptophan synthase
1987 • 40 citations
Thermodynamic Properties of the Transition State for the Rate-Limiting Step in the Folding of the .alpha. Subunit of Tryptophan Synthase
1994 • 34 citations
Kinematics and thermodynamics of a folding heteropolymer.
1993 • 33 citations
Characterization of the Slow Folding Reactions of trp Aporepressor from Escherichia coli by Mutational Analysis of Prolines and Catalysis by a Peptidyl-prolyl Isomerase
1995 • 33 citations
Folding of chains with random and edited sequences: similarities and differences
1995 • 31 citations
Mutant sequences as probes of protein folding mechanisms
1987 • 29 citations
Diffusion frequency factors in some simple examples of transition-state rate theory.
1976 • 28 citations
All roads lead to Rome? The multiple pathways of protein folding
1995 • 23 citations
Proline Isomerization as a Rate-Limiting Step
1994 • 22 citations
Denaturants can accelerate folding rates in a class of globular proteins
1996 • 21 citations
Effect of sequence and intermolecular interactions on the number and nature of low-energy states for simple model proteins
1993 • 21 citations
Kinetics of protein folding
1995 • 20 citations
Kinetic evidence of microscopic states in protein folding
1992 • 19 citations
Kinetic folding and unfolding of staphylococcal nuclease and its six mutants studied by stopped‐flow circular dichroism
1995 • 18 citations
Theoretical Perspectives on In Vitro and In Vivo Protein Folding
1994 • 18 citations
Collapse of parallel folding channels in dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli by site-directed mutagenesis
1993 • 16 citations
Protein Dynamics: From the Native to the Unfolded State and Back Again
1995 • 11 citations
Computer simulation of protein refolding pathways and intermediates
1995 • 10 citations