Taming TNF: strategies to restrain this proinflammatory cytokine

Function and Activation of NF-kappaB in the Immune System

1994 • 4,698 citations

Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease

1996 • 4,324 citations

A protein kinase involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis

1994 • 3,285 citations

Elevated Circulating Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Severe Chronic Heart Failure

1990 • 2,566 citations

IκB: a Specific Inhibitor of the NF-κB Transcription Factor

1988 • 2,203 citations

The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with n—3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Synthesis of Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor by Mononuclear Cells

1989 • 1,951 citations

The Pathophysiology of Tumor Necrosis Factors

1992 • 1,880 citations

Human tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin

1984 • 1,738 citations

Mice deficient for the 55 kd tumor necrosis factor receptor are resistant to endotoxic shock, yet succumb to L. monocytogenes infection

1993 • 1,719 citations

Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor α (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis

1994 • 1,695 citations

Cachectin and tumour necrosis factor as two sides of the same biological coin

1986 • 1,659 citations

Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with a Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (p75)–Fc Fusion Protein

1997 • 1,651 citations

Transgenic mice expressing human tumour necrosis factor: a predictive genetic model of arthritis.

1991 • 1,630 citations

Nuclear Factor Kb: An Oxidative Stress-Responsive Transcription Factor of Eukaryotic Cells (A Review)

1992 • 1,421 citations

The Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand and Receptor Families

1996 • 1,239 citations

Treatment of Septic Shock with the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor:Fc Fusion Protein

1996 • 1,217 citations

The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock. Association between interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and fatal outcome.

1989 • 1,183 citations

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TNF$alpha; ANTIBODIES ON SYNOVIAL CELL INTERLEUKIN-1 PRODUCTION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

1989 • 1,137 citations

Treatment of Crohn's disease with anti-tumor necrosis factor chimeric monoclonal antibody (cA2)

1995 • 1,103 citations

Thalidomide exerts its inhibitory action on tumor necrosis factor alpha by enhancing mRNA degradation.

1993 • 1,058 citations

TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR: A Pleiotropic Cytokine and Therapuetic Target

1994 • 1,047 citations

THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNAT TUMORS BY REPEATED INOCULATIONS OF ERYSIPELAS

1893 • 946 citations

Human tumor necrosis factor. Production, purification, and characterization.

1985 • 922 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor and Disease Severity in Children with Falciparum Malaria

1989 • 852 citations

Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors are effective therapeutic agents in lethal endotoxemia and function simultaneously as both TNF carriers and TNF antagonists.

1993 • 837 citations

Stabilization of the bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor by its soluble receptors.

1992 • 832 citations

Efficacy and Safety of Monoclonal Antibody to Human Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Patients With Sepsis Syndrome

1995 • 805 citations

The interleukin‐1 family: 10 years of discovery ¹

1994 • 784 citations

Elevated levels of circulating cachectin/tumor necrosis factor in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1988 • 739 citations

Functional dichotomy of neutral and acidic sphingomyelinases in tumor necrosis factor signaling

1994 • 726 citations

Prostaglandin E2 regulates macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor gene expression.

1988 • 670 citations

Molecular Cloning of the Complementary DNA for Human Tumor Necrosis Factor

1985 • 633 citations

Repeated therapy with monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor α (cA2) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

1994 • 632 citations

Protection against a lethal dose of endotoxin by an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor processing

1994 • 607 citations

Increased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha precede major complications of bone marrow transplantation [see comments]

1990 • 591 citations

Regulation of tumour necrosis factor-α processing by a metalloproteinase inhibitor

1994 • 571 citations

Structure of tumour necrosis factor

1989 • 512 citations

Dexamethasone and pentoxifylline inhibit endotoxin-induced cachectin/tumor necrosis factor synthesis at separate points in the signaling pathway.

1990 • 509 citations

Serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha in childhood chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

1991 • 491 citations

Inhibition of cytokine production by cyclosporin A and transforming growth factor beta.

1987 • 466 citations

Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene for human tumour necrosis factor

1985 • 464 citations

Local production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 in meningococcal meningitis. Relation to the inflammatory response.

1989 • 461 citations

A tumor necrosis factor-binding protein purified to homogeneity from human urine protects cells from tumor necrosis factor toxicity

1989 • 442 citations

Influence of an anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody on cytokine levels in patients with sepsis

1993 • 427 citations

Randomised controlled trial of CDP571 antibody to tumour necrosis factor-α in Crohn's disease

1997 • 400 citations

Anticytokine Strategies in the Treatment of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

1993 • 397 citations

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: new opportunities for the treatment of asthma.

1991 • 383 citations

Signal transduction and gene regulation: the nuclear response to cAMP

1994 • 369 citations

Assessment of the safety and efficacy of the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody-fragment, MAK 195F, in patients with sepsis and septic shock

1996 • 368 citations

The antidepressant rolipram suppresses cytokine production and prevents autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1995 • 345 citations

Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor in Patients with Septic Shock: Mortality Rate, Incidence of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Effects of Methylprednisolone Administration

1990 • 335 citations

Interleukin‐10 controls interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor production during experimental endotoxemia

1994 • 306 citations

Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits NF-kappa B mobilization and TNF production in human monocytes.

1993 • 304 citations

Differential regulatory effects of adenosine on cytokine release by activated human monocytes.

1994 • 287 citations

ENHANCED TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR AND INTERLEUKIN-1 IN FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE

1988 • 280 citations

A human inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha.

1988 • 264 citations

Tumor‐Necrosis Factor and other Cytokines in Cerebral Malaria: Experimental and Clinical Data

1989 • 264 citations

Potential antidepressant activity of rolipram and other selective cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors

1983 • 239 citations

Cyclic nucleotides differentially regulate the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta by human mononuclear cells.

1991 • 235 citations

The specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α production by human mononuclear cells

1993 • 222 citations

Induction of circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) as the mechanism for the febrile response to interleukin-2 (IL-2) in cancer patients

1988 • 210 citations

In vivo relationship of tumor necrosis factor-α to blood-brain barrier damage in patients with active multiple sclerosis

1992 • 207 citations

Raised serum levels of cachectin/tumor necrosis factor alpha in renal allograft rejection.

1987 • 206 citations

Monoclonal antibody to TN F in severe septic shock

1990 • 203 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor Levels in Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

1991 • 193 citations

Adenosine and a related carbocyclic nucleoside analogue selectively inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and protect mice against endotoxin challenge.

1993 • 192 citations

Tumor necrosis factor induces rapid production of 1'2'diacylglycerol by a phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C.

1991 • 188 citations

Prevention of Jarisch–Herxheimer Reactions by Treatment with Antibodies against Tumor Necrosis Factor α

1996 • 187 citations

Circulating tumour necrosis factor‐α (cachectin) in myocardial infarction

1989 • 172 citations

Histamine suppresses gene expression and synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha via histamine H2 receptors.

1991 • 165 citations

The protective role of endogenously synthesized nitric oxide in staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced shock in mice.

1994 • 156 citations

Inhibition by all-trans-retinoic acid of tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide production by peritoneal macrophages

1994 • 131 citations

Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines in monocytes by a tetravalent guanylhydrazone.

1996 • 129 citations

Detection of plasma tumor necrosis factor, interleukins 6, and 8 during the Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction of relapsing fever.

1992 • 129 citations

Interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and their specific inhibitors.

1994 • 114 citations

Elevated circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with Kawasaki disease.

1989 • 113 citations

Exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide attenuates tumor necrosis factor synthesis in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7.

1995 • 108 citations

Protective effect of chlorpromazine on endotoxin toxicity and TNF production in glucocorticoid-sensitive and glucocorticoid-resistant models of endotoxic shock.

1991 • 103 citations

Prostacyclin analogs suppress the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-α in LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

1993 • 102 citations

Effects of rolipram on responses to acute and chronic antigen exposure in monkeys.

1994 • 101 citations

Cytokine-binding proteins: stimulating antagonists

1995 • 94 citations

Endogenous Adenosine Curtails Lipopolysaccharide‐Stimulated Tumour Necrosis Factor Synthesis

1997 • 92 citations

Taurolidine, an analogue of the amino acid taurine, suppresses interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

1991 • 89 citations

Oligodeoxynucleotides Enhance Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor: Dependence on Phosphorothioate Modification and Reversal by Heparin

1996 • 88 citations

Tumor necrosis factor in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis

1989 • 80 citations

Enhanced tumor necrosis factor suppression and cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation by combination of phosphodiesterase inhibitors and prostanoids

1995 • 80 citations

Plasma Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor in the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

1991 • 75 citations

Effect of intraperitoneal recombinant human tumour necrosis factor alpha on malignant ascites

1991 • 69 citations

Cyclosporine a inhibits TNF production without decreasing TNF mRNA levels

1989 • 62 citations

Cytokines and gene therapy

1995 • 60 citations

Detection of endogenous cytokines in sera or in lymph nodes obtained from patients with sarcoidosis

1991 • 57 citations

EVALUATION OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN SOLUBLE DIMERIC TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR FOR PREVENTION OF OKT3-ASSOCIATED ACUTE CLINICAL SYNDROME1,2

1996 • 45 citations

Specific Suppression of Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Synthesis by Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides

1996 • 37 citations

Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α production by interleukin-10 is enhanced by cAMP-elevating agents

1997 • 33 citations

Effects of recombinant tumour necrosis factor (rTNF‐α) in cancer. Observations on the acute phase protein reaction and immunoglobulin synthesis after high dose recombinant TNF‐α administration in isolated limb perfusions in cancer patients

1993 • 32 citations

Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Hemodialysis

1993 • 29 citations

Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits Brain and Peripheral Tumor Necrosis Factor Production and, When Coadministered with Its Soluble Receptor, Protects Mice From Lipopolysaccharide Toxicity

1995 • 28 citations

Chlorpromazine inhibits tumour necrosis factor synthesis and cytotoxicity in vitro.

1995 • 20 citations

Cicaprost and the type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor, rolipram, synergize in suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α synthesis

1996 • 17 citations

Cachectin/tumour necrosis factor-alpha in the circulation of patients with rheumatic disease.

1989 • 17 citations

Receptor-mediated label-transfer assay (RELAY): a novel method for the detection of plasma tumor necrosis factor at attomolar concentrations

1994 • 10 citations