Mechanisms of Retroviral Recombination

Viral RNA-dependent DNA Polymerase: RNA-dependent DNA Polymerase in Virions of Rous Sarcoma Virus

1970 • 2,061 citations

Viral RNA-dependent DNA Polymerase: RNA-dependent DNA Polymerase in Virions of RNA Tumour Viruses

1970 • 1,992 citations

Structure of a Covalently Trapped Catalytic Complex of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase: Implications for Drug Resistance

1998 • 1,420 citations

Lower in vivo mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 than that predicted from the fidelity of purified reverse transcriptase

1995 • 1,139 citations

Crystal structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase complexed with double-stranded DNA at 3.0 A resolution shows bent DNA.

1993 • 1,097 citations

Attenuation in the control of expression of bacterial operons

1981 • 757 citations

RNA Chaperones and the RNA Folding Problem

1995 • 702 citations

Tat-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes select for SIV escape variants during resolution of primary viraemia

2000 • 693 citations

Quantifying the uncertainty in forecasts of anthropogenic climate change

2000 • 652 citations

Structure of the HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein Bound to the SL3 Ψ-RNA Recognition Element

1998 • 631 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes: studies of organization and composition

1997 • 600 citations

Retroviral Recombination and Reverse Transcription

1990 • 596 citations

Consequences of Recombination on Traditional Phylogenetic Analysis

2000 • 592 citations

Adaptive Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 During the Natural Course of Infection

1996 • 578 citations

Structure, Replication, and Recombination of Retrovirus Genomes: Some Unifying Hypotheses

1979 • 529 citations

Locations of Anti-AIDS Drug Binding Sites and Resistance Mutations in the Three-dimensional Structure of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase

1994 • 512 citations

Fitness of RNA virus decreased by Muller's ratchet

1990 • 498 citations

Mechanism and fidelity of HIV reverse transcriptase.

1992 • 484 citations

Genetic consequences of packaging two RNA genomes in one retroviral particle: pseudodiploidy and high rate of genetic recombination.

1990 • 477 citations

Basic concepts in RNA virus evolution

1996 • 460 citations

Crystal structure of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in complex with a polypurine tract RNA:DNA

2001 • 403 citations

First Glimpses at Structure-function Relationships of the Nucleocapsid Protein of Retroviruses

1995 • 402 citations

Nucleic-acid-chaperone activity of retroviral nucleocapsid proteins: significance for viral replication

1998 • 383 citations

Identification of the primary site of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA dimerization in vitro.

1994 • 381 citations

Structural and functional insights provided by crystal structures of DNA polymerases and their substrate complexes

1998 • 375 citations

High Rate of Recombination throughout the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome

2000 • 370 citations

Mechanism of DNA Strand Transfer Reactions Catalyzed by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase

1992 • 330 citations

Viral protein R regulates nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex

1998 • 320 citations

Characterization of Intracellular Reverse Transcription Complexes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2001 • 311 citations

Retrovirus variation and reverse transcription: abnormal strand transfers result in retrovirus genetic variation.

1993 • 308 citations

Nucleocapsid zinc fingers detected in retroviruses: EXAFS studies of intact viruses and the solution‐state structure of the nucleocapsid protein from HIV‐1

1992 • 291 citations

Low levels of deoxynucleotides in peripheral blood lymphocytes: a strategy to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication.

1993 • 287 citations

Viral RNA annealing activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein require only peptide domains outside the zinc fingers.

1992 • 282 citations

Broad spectrum of in vivo forward mutations, hypermutations, and mutational hotspots in a retroviral shuttle vector after a single replication cycle: substitutions, frameshifts, and hypermutations.

1990 • 282 citations

Reverse Transcriptase and the Generation of Retroviral DNA

1997 • 271 citations

Understanding the genetic diversity of HIV-1.

2000 • 266 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef increases the efficiency of reverse transcription in the infected cell

1995 • 266 citations

A loop-loop "kissing" complex is the essential part of the dimer linkage of genomic HIV-1 RNA.

1996 • 249 citations

DNA strand exchange and selective DNA annealing promoted by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein

1994 • 246 citations

Genetic recombinants and heterozygotes derived from endogenous and exogenous avian RNA tumor viruses

1973 • 245 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 reverse transcriptase

1989 • 244 citations

Determination of the structure of the nucleocapsid protein NCp7 from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by 1H NMR.

1992 • 243 citations

A histone octamer can step around a transcribing polymerase without leaving the template

1994 • 238 citations

Retroviral Virions and Genomes

1997 • 224 citations

Primer tRNAs for reverse transcription

1997 • 220 citations

6 Protein Biosynthesis and Assembly

1982 • 217 citations

Broad spectrum of in vivo forward mutations, hypermutations, and mutational hotspots in a retroviral shuttle vector after a single replication cycle: deletions and deletions with insertions.

1990 • 214 citations

HIGH NEGATIVE INTERFERENCE OVER SHORT SEGMENTS OF THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF BACTERIOPHAGE T4

1958 • 206 citations

Template-directed pausing of DNA synthesis by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase during polymerization of HIV-1 sequences in vitro

1993 • 205 citations

HIV-1 Sequence Variation

2001 • 204 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase Protein Promotes Reverse Transcription through Specific Interactions with the Nucleoprotein Reverse Transcription Complex

1999 • 197 citations

Biochemical and Structural Analysis of Isolated Mature Cores of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2000 • 196 citations

Mutational analysis of the bipartite dimer linkage structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomic RNA.

1994 • 195 citations

Genetic diversity of HIV-1: the moving target.

2000 • 195 citations

Transduction of a cellular oncogene: the genesis of Rous sarcoma virus.

1983 • 193 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein promotes efficient strand transfer and specific viral DNA synthesis by inhibiting TAR-dependent self-priming from minus-strand strong-stop DNA

1997 • 192 citations

In vitro synthesis of a 9 kbp terminally redundant DNA carrying the infectivity of moloney murine leukemia virus

1979 • 186 citations

Zinc Finger Structures in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleocapsid Protein Facilitate Efficient Minus- and Plus-Strand Transfer

2000 • 186 citations

Genetic recombination of human immunodeficiency virus

1989 • 180 citations

Reverse transcriptase.RNase H from the human immunodeficiency virus. Relationship of the DNA polymerase and RNA hydrolysis activities.

1991 • 180 citations

cis elements and trans-acting factors involved in dimer formation of murine leukemia virus RNA

1990 • 178 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase: spatial and temporal relationship between the polymerase and RNase H activities.

1992 • 176 citations

Viruses at the Edge of Adaptation

2000 • 175 citations

Virological events leading to spontaneous AKR thymomas

1991 • 174 citations

Sequence-Specific Binding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleocapsid Protein to Short Oligonucleotides

1998 • 172 citations

Kissing-Loop Model of HIV-1 Genome Dimerization: HIV-1 RNAs Can Assume Alternative Dimeric Forms, and All Sequences Upstream or Downstream of Hairpin 248−271 Are Dispensable for Dimer Formation

1996 • 170 citations

Multiple sites in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase associated with virological response to combination therapy

2000 • 165 citations

Mechanism for nucleic acid chaperone activity of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein revealed by single molecule stretching

2001 • 165 citations

Recombinant HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein Accelerates HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Catalyzed DNA Strand Transfer Reactions and Modulates RNase H Activity

1994 • 162 citations

Rate and Mechanism of Nonhomologous Recombination During a Single Cycle of Retroviral Replication

1993 • 162 citations

Primary structure of the low molecular weight nucleic acid-binding proteins of murine leukemia viruses.

1981 • 153 citations

Recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid (NCp7) protein unwinds tRNA.

1992 • 150 citations

Tightly bound zinc in human immunodeficiency virus type 1, human T-cell leukemia virus type I, and other retroviruses

1992 • 146 citations

Comparison of HIV-1 and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase fidelity on RNA and DNA templates.

1992 • 145 citations

Analysis of the nucleic acid annealing activites of nucleocapsid protein from HIV-1

1995 • 144 citations

A Kissing Complex Together with a Stable Dimer Is Involved in the HIV-1_Lai RNA Dimerization Process in Vitro

1996 • 143 citations

Marked infidelity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase at RNA and DNA template ends.

1994 • 143 citations

Reverse transcriptases and genomic variability: the accuracy of DNA replication is enzyme specific and sequence dependent.

1990 • 141 citations

Homologous recombination of copackaged retrovirus RNAs during reverse transcription

1992 • 138 citations

Genetically stable reassortment of markers during mixed infection with avian tumor viruses

1971 • 138 citations

Characterization of Intracellular Reverse Transcription Complexes of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus

1999 • 138 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein reduces reverse transcriptase pausing at a secondary structure near the murine leukemia virus polypurine tract

1996 • 135 citations

Influence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleocapsid Protein on Synthesis and Strand Transfer by the Reverse Transcriptase in Vitro

1995 • 135 citations

A chimpanzee rhadinovirus sequence related to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8: increased detection after HIV-1 infection in the absence of disease

2000 • 133 citations

Extension of mismatched 3' termini of DNA is a major determinant of the infidelity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.

1989 • 132 citations

Identification of Critical Amino Acid Residues in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 IN Required for Efficient Proviral DNA Formation at Steps prior to Integration in Dividing and Nondividing Cells

2000 • 130 citations

Forward Mutation Rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in a T Lymphoid Cell Line*

1996 • 129 citations

Characterization of HIV Replication Complexes Early after Cell-to-Cell Infection

1993 • 129 citations

Requirements for strand transfer between internal regions of heteropolymer templates by human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase

1992 • 129 citations

Mass Determination of Rous Sarcoma Virus Virions by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

1999 • 127 citations

Mechanism of Transduction by Retroviruses

1992 • 122 citations

Strand Transfer Mediated by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase in Vitro Is Promoted by Pausing and Results in Misincorporation

1995 • 119 citations

Pausing of reverse transcriptase on retroviral RNA templates is influenced by secondary structures both 5' and 3' of the catalytic site

1998 • 119 citations

Properties of a Ribonucleoprotein Particle Isolated from Nonidet P-40-Treated Rous Sarcoma Virus

1972 • 114 citations

[Photophosphorylating activity and various methods of chloroplast destruction].

1970 • 108 citations

Retrovirus recombination depends on the length of sequence identity and is not error prone

1994 • 107 citations

Evidence for a Unique Mechanism of Strand Transfer from the Transactivation Response Region of HIV-1

1997 • 106 citations

Determination of the site of first strand transfer during Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcription and identification of strand transfer-associated reverse transcriptase errors

1997 • 105 citations

Formation of Stable and Functional HIV-1 Nucleoprotein Complexesin Vitro

1995 • 104 citations

On the Molecular Basis of High Negative Interference

1974 • 103 citations

Lower mutation rate of bovine leukemia virus relative to that of spleen necrosis virus

1994 • 103 citations

The structure of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complexed with an RNA pseudoknot inhibitor

1998 • 102 citations

Isolation of a Ribonucleoprotein Structure from Oncornaviruses

1973 • 101 citations

Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif particle incorporation

1996 • 101 citations

DNA precursor pools and ribonucleotide reductase activity: distribution between the nucleus and cytoplasm of mammalian cells.

1985 • 98 citations

Origins and Evolution of AIDS Viruses

1999 • 93 citations

Copy-choice recombination by reverse transcriptases: Reshuffling of genetic markers mediated by RNA chaperones

2000 • 92 citations

High-frequency deletion between homologous sequences during retrotransposition of Ty elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1987 • 91 citations

Assaying RNA chaperone activity in vivo using a novel RNA folding trap

1999 • 91 citations

Effect of RNA Secondary Structure on the Kinetics of DNA Synthesis Catalyzed by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase

1997 • 91 citations

Genetic analysis of the zinc finger in the Moloney murine leukemia virus nucleocapsid domain: replacement of zinc-coordinating residues with other zinc-coordinating residues yields noninfectious particles containing genomic RNA

1996 • 90 citations

Intrinsic properties of reverse transcriptase in reverse transcription

1989 • 90 citations

HIV nucleocapsid protein. Expression in Escherichia coli, purification, and characterization

1993 • 88 citations

Reverse Transcription Takes Place within Extracellular HIV-1 Virions: Potential Biological Significance

1993 • 88 citations

Interaction of Retroviral Reverse Transcriptase with Template–Primer Duplexes during Replication

1997 • 87 citations

The Nature of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strand Transfers

1998 • 87 citations

Generation of novel, biologically active Harvey sarcoma viruses via apparent illegitimate recombination

1981 • 87 citations

Genetic Recombination among Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Rous Sarcoma Virus

1974 • 87 citations

Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Nucleocapsid Protein on HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Vitro

1996 • 86 citations

Retroviral nucleocapsid proteins possess potent nucleic acid strand renaturation activity

1993 • 84 citations

The Kissing Hairpin Sequence Promotes Recombination within the HIV-I 5′ Leader Region

2001 • 83 citations

Homologous recombination occurs in a distinct retroviral subpopulation and exhibits high negative interference

1997 • 81 citations

Structural Determinants of Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase That Affect the Frequency of Template Switching

2000 • 80 citations

It is Rous Sarcoma virus protein P12 and not P19 that binds tightly to Rous Sarcoma virus RNA

1984 • 80 citations

A High Affinity Binding Site for the HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein

1997 • 79 citations

In vitro synthesis of infectious DNA of murine leukaemia virus

1977 • 78 citations

Genetic rearrangements occurring during a single cycle of murine leukemia virus vector replication: characterization and implications

1995 • 78 citations

Unique progressive cleavage mechanism of HIV reverse transcriptase RNase H

2000 • 75 citations

Ribonuclease H activities associated with viral reverse transcriptases are endonucleases.

1989 • 75 citations

Mutations in HIV reverse transcriptase which alter RNase H activity and decrease strand transfer efficiency are suppressed by HIV nucleocapsid protein

1997 • 74 citations

The mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase-catalyzed strand transfer from internal regions of heteropolymeric RNA templates.

1994 • 73 citations

Testing the Hypothesis of a Recombinant Origin of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype E

2000 • 73 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleocapsid Protein Can Prevent Self-Priming of Minus-Strand Strong Stop DNA by Promoting the Annealing of Short Oligonucleotides to Hairpin Sequences

2000 • 69 citations

Most Retroviral Recombinations Occur during Minus-Strand DNA Synthesis

2000 • 68 citations

The Annealing of tRNA3Lys to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Primer Binding Site Is Critically Dependent on the NCp7 Zinc Fingers Structure

1998 • 65 citations

Altering the Intracellular Environment Increases the Frequency of Tandem Repeat Deletion during Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcription

1999 • 63 citations

6 Roles of Ribonuclease H in Reverse Transcription

1993 • 63 citations

Intracellular transport of the murine leukemia virus during acute infection of NIH 3T3 cells: Nuclear import of nucleocapsid protein and integrase

1995 • 60 citations

Two defective forms of reverse transcriptase can complement to restore retroviral infectivity.

1993 • 58 citations

Retroviral Recombination Rates Do Not Increase Linearly with Marker Distance and Are Limited by the Size of the Recombining Subpopulation

1998 • 58 citations

Requirements for DNA Strand Transfer During Reverse Transcription in Mutant HIV-1 Virions

1995 • 57 citations

Characterization of the Block in Replication of Nucleocapsid Protein Zinc Finger Mutants from Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus

1999 • 56 citations

Binding sites of viral protein P19 onto Rous sarcoma virus RNA and possible controls of viral functions

1982 • 55 citations

Effect of gamma radiation on retroviral recombination

1992 • 55 citations

Fidelity of in vitro DNA Strand Transfer Reactions Catalyzed by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase

1994 • 55 citations

Recombination during reverse transcription: an evaluation of the role of the nucleocapsid protein

1999 • 53 citations

Extended x-ray absorption fine structure studies of a retrovirus: equine infectious anemia virus cysteine arrays are coordinated to zinc.

1992 • 51 citations

Retroviral recombination: what drives the switch?

2001 • 50 citations

DNA Unwinding Induced by Zinc Finger Protein Binding

1996 • 46 citations

Effects of Homology Length in the Repeat Region on Minus-Strand DNA Transfer and Retroviral Replication

2001 • 42 citations

Structural Investigation on the Requirement of CCHH Zinc Finger Type in Nucleocapsid Protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

1999 • 39 citations

Homologous recombination promoted by reverse transcriptase during copying of two distinct RNA templates.

1995 • 38 citations

Genetic studies of temperature-sensitive mutants of Moloney-murine leukemia virus

1973 • 38 citations

RNA Secondary Structure Switching during DNA Synthesis Catalyzed by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase

1997 • 36 citations

In Vitro Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Minus-Strand Strong-Stop DNA Synthesis and Genomic RNA Processing

2001 • 35 citations

RNase H activity of reverse transcriptases on substrates derived from the 5' end of retroviral genome

1993 • 34 citations

Compression of the DNA Minor Groove is Responsible for Termination of DNA Synthesis by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase

1999 • 30 citations

The zinc finger of nucleocapsid protein of Friend murine leukemia virus is critical for proviral DNA synthesis in vivo

1996 • 29 citations

CIS elements and Trans-acting factors required for minus strand DNA transfer during reverse transcription of the genomic RNA of murine leukemia virus

1998 • 27 citations

Structure-Based Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase Mutants with Altered Intracellular Direct-Repeat Deletion Frequencies

2000 • 24 citations

Utilization of Nonviral Sequences for Minus-Strand DNA Transfer and Gene Reconstitution during Retroviral Replication

2000 • 24 citations

Kinetic Analysis of the Effect of HIV Nucleocapsid Protein (NCp) on Internal Strand Transfer Reactions

1999 • 23 citations

Retroviral Recombination Is Nonrandom and Sequence Dependent

1998 • 21 citations

Expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase in trans during virion release and after infection

1996 • 21 citations

13 Role of Reverse Transcriptase in Retroviral Recombination

1993 • 20 citations

Identification of Residues of the Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Nucleocapsid Critical for Viral DNA Synthesis In Vivo

2001 • 20 citations

The effect of mutations in the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein on strand transfer in cell-free reverse transcription reactions

2000 • 19 citations

Binding of RNA template to a complex of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase/primer/template

1997 • 19 citations

Differences in Mutagenesis During Minus Strand, Plus Strand and Strand Transfer (Recombination) Synthesis of the Hiv-1 Nef Gene in Vitro

1996 • 17 citations

7 Strand Displacement Synthesis by Reverse Transcriptase

1993 • 15 citations

In Vitro Strand Transfer from Broken RNAs Results in Mismatch but Not Frameshift Mutations

2000 • 14 citations

Interactions of avian myeloblastosis virus nucleocapsid protein with nucleic acids.

1993 • 12 citations

Pathophysiologie der Refluxkrankheit

1997 • 3 citations

Not such a variable clock?

2000 • 1 citations