Insulin Resistance and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanism and Implications for Pathogenesis*

Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue

1994 • 12,975 citations

Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.

1979 • 7,240 citations

Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity

1990 • 5,528 citations

Genetic dissection of complex traits: guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results

1995 • 5,291 citations

Insulin Resistance: A Multifaceted Syndrome Responsible for NIDDM, Obesity, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

1991 • 4,548 citations

Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits

1994 • 3,497 citations

Oncogenes and signal transduction

1991 • 2,816 citations

IRS-1-Mediated Inhibition of Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activity in TNF-α- and Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance

1996 • 2,561 citations

The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM

1988 • 2,463 citations

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

1995 • 2,450 citations

Human insulin receptor and its relationship to the tyrosine kinase family of oncogenes

1985 • 2,257 citations

Profound Peripheral Insulin Resistance, Independent of Obesity, in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

1989 • 1,858 citations

Physiologic evaluation of factors controlling glucose tolerance in man: measurement of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell glucose sensitivity from the response to intravenous glucose.

1981 • 1,606 citations

Structure of the insulin receptor substrate IRS-1 defines a unique signal transduction protein

1991 • 1,590 citations

The human insulin receptor cDNA: The structural basis for hormone-activated transmembrane signalling

1985 • 1,485 citations

[11] Phosphopeptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis by two-dimensional separation on thin-layer cellulose plates

1991 • 1,463 citations

Quantification of the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in Human Subjects: Evidence for a Hyperbolic Function

1993 • 1,391 citations

Molecular and Cellular Aspects of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor

1995 • 1,361 citations

Efficacy of Metformin in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1995 • 1,328 citations

Insulin Stimulates the Phosphorylation of the 95,000-Dalton Subunit of Its Own Receptor

1982 • 1,138 citations

Metabolic Effects of Metformin in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1995 • 1,135 citations

The Syndromes of Insulin Resistance and Acanthosis Nigricans

1976 • 1,086 citations

Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Plasma Glucose Levels in U.S. Population Aged 20–74 Yr

1987 • 1,072 citations

Slow Glucose Removal Rate and Hyperinsulinemia Precede the Development of Type II Diabetes in the Offspring of Diabetic Parents

1990 • 1,051 citations

Lipotoxicity in the Pathogenesis of Obesity-Dependent NIDDM: Genetic and Clinical Implications

1995 • 1,026 citations

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activation Is Required for Insulin Stimulation of pp70 S6 Kinase, DNA Synthesis, and Glucose Transporter Translocation

1994 • 1,020 citations

Toward Physiological Understanding of Glucose Tolerance: Minimal-Model Approach

1989 • 999 citations

Leptin: The Tale of an Obesity Gene

1996 • 987 citations

POLYCYSTIC OVARIES—A COMMON FINDING IN NORMAL WOMEN

1988 • 926 citations

Essential role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in insulin-induced glucose transport and antilipolysis in rat adipocytes. Studies with a selective inhibitor wortmannin.

1994 • 923 citations

Insulin Action, Diabetogenes, and the Cause of Type II Diabetes

1994 • 914 citations

Correlation of Hyperandrogenism with Hyperinsulinism in Polycystic Ovarian Disease*

1980 • 910 citations

Improvement in endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

1992 • 908 citations

Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy

1994 • 854 citations

Role of multiple basic residues in determining the substrate specificity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

1977 • 844 citations

Role of IRS-2 in insulin and cytokine signalling

1995 • 843 citations

Insulin Action and the Insulin Signaling Network*

1995 • 823 citations

Insulin Resistance — Mechanisms, Syndromes, and Implications

1991 • 788 citations

Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins

1993 • 754 citations

How Good a Marker Is Insulin Level for Insulin Resistance?

1993 • 750 citations

Decreases in Ovarian Cytochrome P450c17α Activity and Serum Free Testosterone after Reduction of Insulin Secretion in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

1996 • 745 citations

Familial Hyperglycemia Due to Mutations in Glucokinase -- Definition of a Subtype of Diabetes Mellitus

1993 • 737 citations

Episodic Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Man PULSE ANALYSIS, CLINICAL INTERPRETATION, PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS

1973 • 715 citations

C-kinase phosphorylates the epidermal growth factor receptor and reduces its epidermal growth factor-stimulated tyrosine protein kinase activity.

1984 • 715 citations

Insulin Resistance in Nonobese Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Disease*

1983 • 710 citations

REVIEW ARTICLE: THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

1980 • 702 citations

Increased Glucose Transport–Phosphorylation and Muscle Glycogen Synthesis after Exercise Training in Insulin-Resistant Subjects

1996 • 700 citations

Inhibition of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Production in the Human Hepatoma (Hep G2) Cell Line by Insulin and Prolactin*

1988 • 682 citations

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation is required for insulin stimulation of pp70 S6 kinase, DNA synthesis, and glucose transporter translocation.

1994 • 620 citations

Characterization of the inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome.

1976 • 607 citations

A genome–wide search for human non–insulin–dependent (type 2) diabetes genes reveals a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 2

1996 • 601 citations

Characterization of Groups of Hyperaiidrogenic Women with Acanthosis Nigricans, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and/or Hyperinsulinemia*

1987 • 590 citations

Role of Reduced Suppression of Glucose Production and Diminished Early Insulin Release in Impaired Glucose Tolerance

1992 • 585 citations

Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk for myocardial infarction: Evaluated from a risk factor model based on a prospective population study of women

1992 • 560 citations

Excessive insulin receptor serine phosphorylation in cultured fibroblasts and in skeletal muscle. A potential mechanism for insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome.

1995 • 549 citations

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome wedge resected in 1956 to 1965: A long-term follow-up focusing on natural history and circulating hormones

1992 • 546 citations

The insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone improves metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in the polycystic ovary syndrome.

1996 • 538 citations

Evidence for Distinctive and Intrinsic Defects in Insulin Action in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

1992 • 511 citations

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as a Form of FunctionalOvarian Hyperandrogenism Due to Dysregulation ofAndrogen Secretion*

1995 • 508 citations

Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

1995 • 498 citations

Androgens in Men — Uses and Abuses

1996 • 470 citations

Polycystic ovaries and premature male pattern baldness are associated with one allele of the steroid metabolism gene CYP17

1994 • 467 citations

Troglitazone Improves Defects in Insulin Action, Insulin Secretion, Ovarian Steroidogenesis, and Fibrinolysis in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome¹

1997 • 463 citations

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome wedge resected in 1956 to 1965: a long-term follow-up focusing on natural history and circulating hormones

1992 • 458 citations

The Gonadotropic Function of Insulin*

1987 • 454 citations

Serine phosphorylation of human P450c17 increases 17,20-lyase activity: implications for adrenarche and the polycystic ovary syndrome.

1995 • 450 citations

Does ethnicity influence the prevalence of adrenal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome?

1992 • 444 citations

A Difference Between the Inheritance of Classical Juvenile-onset and Maturity-onset Type Diabetes of Young People

1975 • 439 citations

Insulin secretory defects in polycystic ovary syndrome. Relationship to insulin sensitivity and family history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

1995 • 435 citations

Antibodies That Impair Insulin Receptor Binding in an Unusual Diabetic Syndrome with Severe Insulin Resistance

1975 • 434 citations

Risk factors for coronary artery disease in lean and obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome

1992 • 428 citations

Epidemiology of infertility and polycystic ovarian disease: endocrinological and demographic studies

1987 • 428 citations

Racial Differences in the Relation between Blood Pressure and Insulin Resistance

1991 • 427 citations

The Molecular Mechanism of Insulin Action

1985 • 424 citations

Beta-cell dysfunction independent of obesity and glucose intolerance in the polycystic ovary syndrome.

1996 • 423 citations

Dehydroepiandrosterone Reduces Serum Low Density Lipoprotein Levels and Body Fat but Does not Alter Insulin Sensitivity in Normal Men*

1988 • 420 citations

Morphology and Morphogenesis of the Stein-Leventhal Ovary and of So-called “Hyperthecosis”

1982 • 414 citations

Insulin, somatotropic, and luteinizing hormone axes in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: common and distinct features.

1996 • 408 citations

Mechanism of Metformin Action in Obese and Lean Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetic Subjects*

1991 • 400 citations

Hyperfunction of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Disease: Indirect Evidence for Partial Gonadotroph Desensitization*

1988 • 398 citations

Biology of regional body fat distribution: Relationship to non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

1989 • 393 citations

Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion

1995 • 386 citations

Inappropriate Secretion of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone in Polycystic Ovarian Disease

1970 • 384 citations

Restored insulin sensitivity but persistently increased early insulin secretion after weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

1995 • 378 citations

KUMUDINI HOSPITAL

1975 • 369 citations

The Polycystic Ovary. I. Clinical and Histologic Features

1962 • 366 citations

Induction of insulin resistance by androgens and estrogens.

1994 • 366 citations

Insulin Enhancement of Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Release by Cultured Pituitary Cells*

1981 • 357 citations

Insulin Action During Pregnancy: Studies with the Euglycemic Clamp Technique

1985 • 348 citations

Relationship between degree of obesity and in vivo insulin action in man

1985 • 345 citations

Suppression of Serum Insulin by Diazoxide Reduces Serum Testosterone Levels in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*

1989 • 345 citations

Effects of Metformin on Insulin Secretion, Insulin Action, and Ovarian Steroidogenesis in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome¹

1997 • 341 citations

A syndrome of female pseudohermaphrodism, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and multicystic ovaries associated with missense mutations in the gene encoding aromatase (P450arom).

1994 • 332 citations

Association between Polycystic Ovaries and Extent of Coronary Artery Disease in Women Having Cardiac Catheterization

1997 • 330 citations

Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

1992 • 325 citations

Targeted overexpression of luteinizing hormone in transgenic mice leads to infertility, polycystic ovaries, and ovarian tumors.

1995 • 324 citations

Detection of Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism in Women with Androgen Excess

1992 • 321 citations

Linkage and association of insulin gene VNTR regulatory polymorphism with polycystic ovary syndrome

1997 • 317 citations

Decreased muscle glucose transport/phosphorylation is an early defect in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

1995 • 316 citations

Phorbol ester-induced serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor decreases its tyrosine kinase activity.

1988 • 315 citations

The Effects of Oral Dehydroepiandrosterone on Endocrine-Metabolic Parameters in Postmenopausal Women*

1990 • 315 citations

Modulation by insulin of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone actions in human granulosa cells of normal and polycystic ovaries.

1996 • 314 citations

Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 and insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1995 • 312 citations

Variations in Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Healthy Individuals with Normal Glucose Tolerance*

1987 • 311 citations

The IRS-1 signaling system

1994 • 310 citations

Mutations in the Insulin Receptor Gene

1992 • 294 citations

Evidence for a functional role of Shc proteins in mitogenic signaling induced by insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and epidermal growth factor.

1994 • 292 citations

Hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans syndrome: A common endocrinopathy with distinct pathophysiologic features

1983 • 291 citations

Association of the Steroid Synthesis Gene Cyp11a with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hyperandrogenism

1997 • 290 citations

Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction as the primary genetic lesion in NIDDM. Evidence from studies in normal glucose-tolerant individuals with a first-degree NIDDM relative

1995 • 289 citations

Evidence for a single gene effect causing polycystic ovaries and male pattern baldness

1993 • 288 citations

The relationship of insulin insensitivity to menstrual pattern in women with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries

1993 • 287 citations

Effects of diet and metformin administration on sex hormone-binding globulin, androgens, and insulin in hirsute and obese women.

1995 • 282 citations

Mitochondria and Diabetes: Genetic, Biochemical, and Clinical Implications of the Cellular Energy Circuit

1996 • 282 citations

Enhanced early insulin response to glucose in relation to insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal glucose tolerance.

1994 • 281 citations

CLINICAL REVIEW 26 Insulin Resistance in Obese and Nonobese Man

1991 • 281 citations

Protein kinase C directly phosphorylates the insulin receptor in vitro and reduces its protein-tyrosine kinase activity.

1986 • 275 citations

Insulin-like growth factors and insulin: comparative aspects

1985 • 262 citations

Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor β-Subunit Heterogeneity

1989 • 259 citations

On the Paradox of Insulin-Induced Hyperandrogenism in Insulin-Resistant States

1991 • 259 citations

In Vivo Insulin Action Is Familial Characteristic in Nondiabetic Pima Indians

1987 • 258 citations

Hyperandrogenic anovulation (PCOS): A unique disorder of insulin action associated with an increased risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1995 • 240 citations

Effects of Metformin on Insulin Secretion, Insulin Action, and Ovarian Steroidogenesis in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

1997 • 239 citations

ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS

1968 • 238 citations

Endocrine consequences of weight loss in obese, hyperandrogenic, anovulatory women

1994 • 235 citations

Epidemiology of secondary amenorrhea

1973 • 231 citations

4PS/Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS)-2 Is the Alternative Substrate of the Insulin Receptor in IRS-1-deficient Mice

1995 • 231 citations

The insulin resistance in women with hyperandrogenism is partially reversed by antiandrogen treatment: evidence that androgens impair insulin action in women.

1996 • 230 citations

Insulin resistance, secretion, and metabolism in users of oral contraceptives.

1992 • 226 citations

Defects in beta-cell function in functional ovarian hyperandrogenism.

1993 • 225 citations

The structure of insulin receptor and its subunits. Evidence for multiple nonreduced forms and a 210,000 possible proreceptor.

1982 • 225 citations

Gender and Insulin Sensitivity in the Heart and in Skeletal Muscles: Studies Using Positron Emission Tomography

1995 • 224 citations

Effects of Body Composition on Insulin Sensitivity

1983 • 223 citations

Serum lipoprotein lipid profile in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: relation to anthropometric, endocrine and metabolic variables

1994 • 221 citations

Insulin action and the insulin signaling network

1995 • 216 citations

Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: decreased expression of GLUT-4 glucose transporters in adipocytes

1993 • 216 citations

Carotid atherosclerosis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Initial results from a case-control study

1996 • 215 citations

Hereditary factors in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome

1968 • 212 citations

Insulin administration alters gonadal steroid metabolism independent of changes in gonadotropin secretion in insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

1989 • 200 citations

Suppression of Hyperandrogenism Does not Improve Peripheral or Hepatic Insulin Resistance in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*

1990 • 199 citations

Insulin action in human granulosa cells from normal and polycystic ovaries is mediated by the insulin receptor and not the type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor.

1995 • 198 citations

Androgen treatment of middle-aged, obese men: effects on metabolism, muscle and adipose tissues.

1992 • 197 citations

Reversibility of defective adipocyte insulin receptor kinase activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Effect of weight loss.

1988 • 195 citations

Serum immunoreactive leptin concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

1996 • 195 citations

Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome

1983 • 194 citations

Leptin Concentrations in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome1

1997 • 193 citations

Relationship of Androgenic Activity to Splanchnic Insulin Metabolism and Peripheral Glucose Utilization in Premenopausal Women*

1987 • 190 citations

Clinical signs of androgen excess as risk factors for coronary artery disease

1990 • 185 citations

Effect of body weight reduction on plasma androgens in obese, infertile women

1982 • 184 citations

Evidence for the Importance of Peripheral Tissue Events in the Development of Hirsutism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*

1983 • 183 citations

Insulin infusion amplifies 17 alpha-hydroxycorticosteroid intermediates response to adrenocorticotropin in hyperandrogenic women: apparent relative impairment of 17,20-lyase activity.

1996 • 182 citations

Increasing the cAMP content of IM-9 cells alters the phosphorylation state and protein kinase activity of the insulin receptor.

1986 • 182 citations

Familial Clustering in the Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

1989 • 180 citations

The prevalence of hyperandrogenism in 109 consecutive female patients with diffuse alopecia

1988 • 180 citations

Can metformin reduce insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome?

1996 • 179 citations

Ambulatory blood pressure profiles and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐1) activity in lean women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome

1996 • 178 citations

FAMILIAL POLYCYSTIC OVARIES: A GENETIC DISEASE?

1988 • 177 citations

Modulation by insulin of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone actions in human granulosa cells of normal and polycystic ovaries

1996 • 174 citations

Expression of the genes encoding the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and II), the IGF and insulin receptors, and IGF-binding proteins-1-6 and the localization of their gene products in normal and polycystic ovary syndrome ovaries.

1994 • 174 citations

A twin study of polycystic ovary syndrome

1995 • 168 citations

Pancreatic Beta-Cell Dysfunction as the Primary Genetic Lesion in NIDDM

1995 • 166 citations

Defects in Insulin Secretion and Action in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes

1995 • 166 citations

Cellular alterations in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue responsible for insulin resistance in obesity and type II diabetes

1989 • 165 citations

THE INHERITANCE OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE AND A POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP TO PREMATURE BALDING

1979 • 164 citations

Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II and the IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin receptor genes and localization of the gene products in the human ovary.

1993 • 164 citations

Epidemiology of secondary amenorrhea

1974 • 164 citations

Autophosphorylation-activated protein kinase phosphorylates and inactivates protein phosphatase 2A.

1993 • 159 citations

Serum Leptin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Role of Insulin Resistance/ Hyperinsulinemia1

1997 • 157 citations

Acanthosis nigricans in Obese Women with Hyperandrogenism: Characterization of an Insulin-Resistant State Distinct from the Type A and B Syndromes

1985 • 156 citations

Metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome are found in adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism.

1995 • 155 citations

Increased insulin sensitivity and fibrinolytic capacity after dietary intervention in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

1995 • 155 citations

Adult manifestation of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to incomplete 21-hydroxylase deficiency mimicking polycystic ovarian disease

1980 • 155 citations

Structural and functional homologies in the receptors for insulin and the insulin-like growth factors

1982 • 154 citations

Sex and insulin sensitivity

1984 • 153 citations

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

1996 • 152 citations

Obesity, lipids, cardiovascular risk, and androgen excess

1995 • 145 citations

Mechanisms Behind Insulin Resistance in Rat Skeletal Muscle After Oophorectomy and Additional Testosterone Treatment

1996 • 144 citations

Insulin insensitivity in adrenal hyperplasia due to nonclassical steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

1992 • 144 citations

Kinetics of insulin receptor internalization and recycling in adipocytes. Shunting of receptors to a degradative pathway by inhibitors of recycling.

1985 • 140 citations

Polycystic ovary syndrome: lack of hypertension despite profound insulin resistance.

1992 • 139 citations

Hyperinsulinemia is common in family members of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

1996 • 135 citations

Familial Polycystic Ovarian Disease

1988 • 135 citations

Assessment of insulin sensitivity in vivo: A critical review

1989 • 134 citations

Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

1995 • 132 citations

Insulin as an Effector of Human Ovarian and Adrenal Steroid Metabolism

1991 • 131 citations

Ethnicity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome are Associated With Independent and Additive Decreases in Insulin Action in Caribbean-Hispanic Women

1993 • 128 citations

Normal basal and insulin-stimulated fuel metabolism in lean women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

1993 • 127 citations

Hyperinsulinemia in postpubertal girls with a history of premature pubarche and functional ovarian hyperandrogenism.

1996 • 126 citations

Insulin receptor substrate 1 is required for insulin-mediated mitogenic signal transduction.

1994 • 126 citations

Insulin sensitivity and antiandrogenic therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

1995 • 121 citations

Hyperinsulinemia in hyperthecosis of the ovaries

1986 • 121 citations

Molecular scanning of the insulin receptor gene in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

1996 • 117 citations

Decreased insulin sensitivity in prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche and acanthosis nigricans.

1995 • 117 citations

Functional expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 is required for insulin-stimulated mitogenic signaling.

1993 • 116 citations

Insulin resistance, secretion, and metabolism in users of oral contraceptives

1992 • 113 citations

Insulin resistance with acanthosis nigricans: The roles of obesity and androgen excess

1986 • 113 citations

Inhibitory effect of sandostatin on secretion of luteinising hormone and ovarian steroids in polycystic ovary syndrome

1990 • 109 citations

Lipid and apolipoprotein abnormalities in hirsute women

1992 • 107 citations

Effects of short-term testosterone exposure on insulin sensitivity of muscles in female rats

1992 • 105 citations

Phosphorylation of Purified Insulin Receptor by cAMP Kinase

1987 • 104 citations

Acanthosis Nigricans, Insulin Action, and Hyperandrogenism: Clinical, Histological, and Biochemical Findings*

1991 • 103 citations

Ethnic differences in insulin and glucose response to glucose between white and Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome

1995 • 102 citations

The burden of osteoporosis: Cost

1995 • 99 citations

Autophosphorylation activates the soluble cytoplasmic domain of the insulin receptor in an intermolecular reaction

1989 • 99 citations

Transmembrane signaling by the human insulin receptor kinase. Relationship between intramolecular beta subunit trans- and cis-autophosphorylation and substrate kinase activation.

1992 • 98 citations

Genetic Analysis of NIDDM: The Study of Quantitative Traits

1996 • 97 citations

The influence of body weight on lipoprotein lipids in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

1988 • 96 citations

Detection of Mutations in Insulin-Receptor Gene in NIDDM Patients by Analysis of Single-Stranded Conformation Polymorphisms

1991 • 95 citations

Prevention by Protein Kinase C Inhibitors of Glucose-Induced Insulin-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Resistance in Rat Fat Cells

1991 • 94 citations

Cellular Insulin Resistance in Adipocytes from Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Subjects Involves Adenosine Modulation of Insulin Sensitivity¹

1997 • 93 citations

Evidence for Insulin Resistance in Nonobese Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Disease

1987 • 92 citations

Clinical, biochemical, and ovarian morphologic features in women with acanthosis nigricans and masculinization.

1985 • 91 citations

Opposing Actions of Dehydroepiandrosterone and Testosterone on Insulin Sensitivity: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies of Hyperandrogenic Females

1991 • 90 citations

THE INDEPENDENT EFFECTS OF HYPERANDROGENAEMIA, HYPERINSULINAEMIA, AND OBESITY ON LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN PROFILES IN WOMEN*

1990 • 89 citations

The genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome

1995 • 89 citations

Activation of protein kinase C alpha inhibits insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1.

1994 • 87 citations

Threonine 1336 of the human insulin receptor is a major target for phosphorylation by protein kinase C

1990 • 87 citations

Impaired in Vivo Insulin Clearance in Patients With Severe Target-Cell Resistance to Insulin

1982 • 86 citations

The role of adrenal hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and obesity in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

1993 • 85 citations

Observations on the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome**Presented at the Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, New Orleans, La., Oct. 4, 5, and 6, 1956.

1957 • 85 citations

Serum immunoreactive leptin concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

1996 • 85 citations

Troglitazone Inhibits Progesterone Production in Porcine Granulosa Cells**This work was supported by a grant from the Sankyo Corporation (to R.J.U. and A.G.) and NIH Grant RO1-CA45181 (to M.N.).

1998 • 83 citations

Troglitazone Improves Defects in Insulin Action, Insulin Secretion, Ovarian Steroidogenesis, and Fibrinolysis in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

1998 • 83 citations

Evaluation of WHO and NDDG Criteria for Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Results From Two National Samples

1989 • 81 citations

Increased protein kinase C activity is linked to reduced insulin receptor autophosphorylation in liver of starved rats.

1990 • 79 citations

The Effects of Experimental Hyperinsulinemia on Steroid Secretion, Ovarian [¹²⁵I]Insulin Binding, and Ovarian [¹²⁵I]Insulin-Like Growth-Factor I Binding in the Rat*

1988 • 79 citations

Familial hyperthecosis: Comparison of endocrinologic and histologic findings with polycystic ovarian disease

1973 • 78 citations

Size polymorphisms of the androgen receptor among female Hispanics and correlation with androgenic characteristics.

1994 • 76 citations

NMR studies of muscle glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant offspring of parents with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus immediately after glycogen-depleting exercise.

1996 • 76 citations

The role of dual energy X-rayabsorptiometry of lumbar spine and proximal femur in the diagnosis and follow-up of osteoporosis

1995 • 74 citations

Insulin resistance, skin changes, and virilization: A recessively inherited syndrome possibly due to pineal gland dysfunction

1974 • 70 citations

The Effects of Continuous Androgen Secretion on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis in Woman: Evidence from a Luteinized Thecoma of the Ovary

1984 • 69 citations

Normal basal and insulin-stimulated fuel metabolism in lean women with the polycystic ovary syndrome

1993 • 68 citations

INHIBITION OF OESTRADIOL PRODUCTION BY EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR IN HUMAN GRANULOSA CELLS OF NORMAL AND POLYCYSTIC OVARIES

1990 • 67 citations

Severe impairment of insulin action in adipocytes from amenorrheic subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome

1994 • 67 citations

Absence of insulin receptor gene mutations in three insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome

1994 • 66 citations

Cellular Insulin Resistance in Adipocytes from Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Subjects Involves Adenosine Modulation of Insulin Sensitivity

1997 • 65 citations

Hormone replacement therapy alters insulin sensitivity in young women with premature ovarian failure.

1993 • 65 citations

Intermolecular transphosphorylation between insulin receptors and EGF-insulin receptor chimerae.

1989 • 64 citations

Familial ovarian hyperthecosis: A study of two families

1971 • 63 citations

Hyperinsulinemia in postpubertal girls with a history of premature pubarche and functional ovarian hyperandrogenism

1996 • 62 citations

Polycystic ovary disease. A risk factor for gestational diabetes?

1995 • 62 citations

IGF-II binding on human lymphoid cells: Demonstration of a common high affinity receptor for insulin like peptides

1984 • 60 citations

Hyperthecosis: an inheritable form of polycystic ovarian disease.

1975 • 59 citations

Insulin and C-Peptide Levels in Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovaries

1982 • 58 citations

Insulin resistance improves in hyperandrogenic women treated with Lupron

1993 • 57 citations

Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

1995 • 57 citations

Metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome are found in adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism

1995 • 57 citations

Quantitative and Selective Fluorophore Labeling of Phosphoserine on Peptides and Proteins: Characterization at the Attomole Level by Capillary Electrophoresis and Laser-Induced Fluorescence

1995 • 56 citations

Insulin Resistance and Ovarian Hyperandrogenism

1992 • 54 citations

Decreased insulin sensitivity in prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche and acanthosis nigricans

1995 • 53 citations

Suppression of serum insulin level by diazoxide does not alter serum testosterone or sex hormone-binding globulin levels in healthy, nonobese women

1990 • 52 citations

Gestational diabetes and neonatal macrosomia in the polycystic ovary syndrome.

1991 • 50 citations

Disparate effects of insulin reduction with diltiazem on serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in obese hypertensive men and women.

1994 • 47 citations

Signal transduction by the epidermal growth factor receptor is attenuated by a COOH-terminal domain serine phosphorylation site.

1992 • 45 citations

Abnormal Activation of Glycogen Synthesis in Fibroblasts from NIDDM Subjects: Evidence for an Abnormality Specific to Glucose Metabolism

1993 • 44 citations

The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenocortical Axis in Major Depression

1988 • 42 citations

Acanthosis nigricans and obesity: Acquired and intrinsic defects in insulin action

1986 • 41 citations

Sex difference in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in rat and human adipocytes

1984 • 41 citations

Androgen levels during sequential insulin euglycemic clamp studies in patients with polycystic ovary disease

1988 • 39 citations

Insulin/IGF-I receptor hybrids: A mechanism for increasing receptor diversity

1992 • 37 citations

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and II, IGF-binding proteins, and IGF-binding protein proteases are produced by theca and stroma of normal and polycystic human ovaries.

1996 • 37 citations

Phosphorylation of the insulin receptor by a casein kinase I-like enzyme

1991 • 37 citations

Delineation of atypical insulin receptors from classical insulin and type I insulin-like growth factor receptors in human placenta

1989 • 36 citations

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 4-6

2015 • 35 citations

Evaluation of WHO and NDDG criteria for impaired glucose tolerance

1994 • 34 citations

Multisite serine phosphorylation of the insulin and IGF‐I receptors in transfected cells

1991 • 33 citations

Autophosphorylation within insulin receptor .beta.-subunits can occur as an intramolecular process

1991 • 32 citations

Production of Inhibitor of Insulin-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Fibroblasts From Patient With Insulin Resistance and NIDDM

1991 • 31 citations

Human Follicular Fluid Insulin Concentrations*

1985 • 30 citations

Insulin and C-Peptide Secretion in Non-Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Disease

1989 • 30 citations

Mapping Diabetes-Susceptibility Genes: Lessons Learned From Search for DNA Marker for Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young

1992 • 28 citations

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscles of patients with diabetes mellitus

1989 • 28 citations

Acanthosis Nigricans: An Analysis of Data in Twenty-Two Cases and A Study of its Frequency in Necropsy Material11Received for publication June 19, 1947.

1947 • 28 citations

A dopamine D3 receptor genotype is associated with hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation and resistant to ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate in female Hispanics

1995 • 27 citations

Tetraploidy in two sisters with the polycystic ovary syndrome

1985 • 26 citations

The relation between clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome and β‐cell function

1993 • 23 citations

Amenorrhea with Cryptic Hyperandrogenemia*

1983 • 23 citations

Disparate effects of insulin reduction with diltiazem on serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in obese hypertensive men and women

1994 • 23 citations

Differential effects of oral glucose-mediated versus intravenous hyperinsulinemia on circulating androgen levels in women

1993 • 20 citations

HLA Genotyping in Family Members and Patients with Familial Polycystic Ovarian Disease*

1983 • 19 citations

3 The Genetics of Non-insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1995 • 18 citations

Mechanisms of anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome

1997 • 18 citations

Cytogenetic evaluation of 41 patients with Stein-Leventhal syndrome.

1968 • 17 citations

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and II, IGF-binding proteins, and IGF-binding protein proteases are produced by theca and stroma of normal and polycystic human ovaries

1996 • 16 citations

Increased risk for polycystic ovary syndrome associated with human leukocyte antigen DQA1*0501

1992 • 15 citations

Altered fibrinolysis and platelet function in the development of vascular complications of diabetes

1996 • 11 citations

Phosphorylation of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in BeWo choriocarcinoma cells

1994 • 9 citations

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Obesity

2015 • 8 citations

Acanthosis nigricans, hirsutisme et diabète insulino-résistant.

1979 • 5 citations