Dopamine as the wind of the psychotic fire: new evidence from brain imaging studies

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia

1987 • 19,723 citations

Four Factor Index of Social Status

1975 • 7,103 citations

Dopamine Receptor Binding Predicts Clinical and Pharmacological Potencies of Antischizophrenic Drugs

1976 • 2,224 citations

Effect of Chlorpromazine or Haloperidol on Formation of 3‐Methoxytyramine and Normetanephrine in Mouse Brain

1963 • 2,148 citations

Enduring changes in brain and behavior produced by chronic amphetamine administration: A review and evaluation of animal models of amphetamine psychosis

1986 • 2,110 citations

Dopamine transmission in the initiation and expression of drug- and stress-induced sensitization of motor activity

1991 • 2,025 citations

Dopamine in schizophrenia: a review and reconceptualization

1991 • 1,963 citations

Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: more than one disease process?

1980 • 1,877 citations

Enduring changes in brain and behavior produced by chronic amphetamine administration: A review and evaluation of animal models of amphetamine psychosis

1986 • 1,751 citations

Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in drug-free schizophrenic subjects.

1996 • 1,275 citations

Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game

1998 • 1,233 citations

Schizophrenia is associated with elevated amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine concentrations: Evidence from a novel positron emission tomography method

1997 • 1,147 citations

Antischizophrenic Drugs: Chronic Treatment Elevates Dopamine Receptor Binding in Brain

1977 • 1,017 citations

The current status of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

1988 • 962 citations

A quantitative model for the in vivo assessment of drug binding sites with positron emission tomography

1984 • 959 citations

Positron Emission Tomography Reveals Elevated D ₂ Dopamine Receptors in Drug-Naive Schizophrenics

1986 • 935 citations

Subanesthetic Doses of Ketamine Stimulate Psychosis in Schizophrenia

1995 • 891 citations

Antipsychotic Drugs: Direct Correlation Between Clinical Potency and Presynaptic Action on Dopamine Neurons

1975 • 874 citations

Dopamine receptors and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

1987 • 867 citations

Brain abnormality in schizophrenia

1998 • 859 citations

Increased Striatal Dopamine Transmission in Schizophrenia: Confirmation in a Second Cohort

1998 • 786 citations

Hippocampal Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

1998 • 753 citations

Neurotransmitter regulation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area

1993 • 713 citations

Localization of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in brain with subtype-specific antibodies.

1993 • 610 citations

Effect of lesion of cortical dopamine terminals on subcortical dopamine receptors in rats

1980 • 544 citations

Immunocytochemical localization of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia of the rat: Light and electron microscopy

1995 • 540 citations

Effect of acute and daily cocaine treatment on extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens

1990 • 538 citations

Provocative tests with psychostimulant drugs in schizophrenia

1987 • 535 citations

D2 Dopamine Receptors in Neuroleptic-Naive Schizophrenic Patients

1990 • 526 citations

INCREASED DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

1978 • 513 citations

Electron microscopic analysis of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor proteins in the dorsal striatum and their synaptic relationships with motor corticostriatal afferents

1995 • 483 citations

Persistent sensitization of dopamine neurotransmission in ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) produced by prior experience with (+)-amphetamine: a microdialysis study in freely moving rats

1988 • 455 citations

6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of the prefrontal cortex in monkeys enhance performance on an analog of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test: possible interactions with subcortical dopamine

1994 • 420 citations

Alterations of Benzodiazepine Receptors in Type II Alcoholic Subjects Measured With SPECT and [¹²³I]Iomazenil

1998 • 411 citations

A direct comparison of amphetamine-induced behaviours and regional brain dopamine release in the rat using intracerebral dialysis

1987 • 404 citations

Concomitant characterization of behavioral and striatal neurotransmitter response to amphetamine using in vivo microdialysis

1989 • 402 citations

D1 dopamine receptor immunoreactivity in human and monkey cerebral cortex: predominant and extrasynaptic localization in dendritic spines.

1994 • 384 citations

The pharmacology and neural circuitry of sensitization to psychostimulants

1993 • 383 citations

Imaging endogenous dopamine competition with [¹¹C]raclopride in the human brain

1994 • 378 citations

Comparison of Bolus and Infusion Methods for Receptor Quantitation: Application to [¹⁸F]Cyclofoxy and Positron Emission Tomography

1993 • 366 citations

The Prefrontal Cortex Regulates the Basal Release of Dopamine in the Limbic Striatum: An Effect Mediated by Ventral Tegmental Area

1996 • 365 citations

Binding of 3H-neuroleptics and 3H-apomorphine in schizophrenic brains

1978 • 351 citations

Endocytosis and recycling of G protein-coupled receptors

1997 • 342 citations

Neurochemical Sensitization in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia: Deficits and Dysfunction in Neuronal Regulation and Plasticity

1997 • 336 citations

Amphetamine‐Induced time‐dependent sensitization of dopamine neurotransmission in the dorsal and ventral striatum: A microdialysis study in behaving rats

1995 • 336 citations

Elevated dopa decarboxylase activity in living brain of patients with psychosis.

1994 • 335 citations

SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine release after amphetamine challenge.

1995 • 330 citations

Inhibitors of purified beef adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase

1965 • 327 citations

Presynaptic dopamine function in striatum of neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients

1995 • 323 citations

Human brain D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases

1987 • 322 citations

Extracellular Concentrations of Cocaine and Dopamine Are Enhanced During Chronic Cocaine Administration

1990 • 321 citations

Relapse and Rehospitalization During Maintenance Treatment of Schizophrenia

1997 • 303 citations

Endogenous dopamine lowers the dopamine D₂ receptor density as measured by [³H]raclopride: Implications for positron emission tomography of the human brain

1989 • 298 citations

Anterior pituitary dopamine receptors. Demonstration of interconvertible high and low affinity states of the D-2 dopamine receptor.

1982 • 295 citations

Striatal binding of the PET ligand ¹¹C‐raclopride is altered by drugs that modify synaptic dopamine levels

1993 • 285 citations

Imaging dopamine transmission in schizophrenia. A review and meta-analysis.

1998 • 281 citations

Dopaminergic Mechanisms in Idiopathic and Drug-induced Psychoses

1990 • 279 citations

Microdialysis and SPECT measurements of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in nonhuman primates

1997 • 267 citations

Imaging D2 Receptor Occupancy by Endogenous Dopamine in Humans

1997 • 266 citations

The tonic/phasic model of dopamine system regulation: its relevance for understanding how stimulant abuse can alter basal ganglia function

1995 • 263 citations

Dopamine receptors in brain and periphery

1987 • 251 citations

Quantification of Amphetamine-Induced Changes in [¹¹C]Raclopride Binding with Continuous Infusion

1997 • 239 citations

Serotonergic modulation of striatal dopamine measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and in vivo microdialysis

1995 • 216 citations

GABAergic inhibition of endogenous dopamine release measured in vivo with 11C-raclopride and positron emission tomography

1992 • 211 citations

Methylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine, and Levamfetamine

1976 • 205 citations

Glutamate Modulation of Dopamine Measured in Vivo with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and 11C-Raclopride in Normal Human Subjects

1998 • 199 citations

Effects of NMDA antagonism on striatal dopamine release in healthy subjects: Application of a novel PET approach

1998 • 197 citations

Link between D1 and D2 dopamine receptors is reduced in schizophrenia and Huntington diseased brain.

1989 • 197 citations

Ultrastructural localization of D1 dopamine receptor immunoreactivity in rat striatonigral neurons and its relation with dopaminergic innervation

1996 • 191 citations

No Structural Mutation in the Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene in Alcoholism or Schizophrenia

1994 • 182 citations

Striatal D2 Dopamine Receptor Characteristics in Neuroleptic-Naive Schizophrenic Patients Studied With Positron Emission Tomography

1994 • 177 citations

Presynaptic dopaminergic function in the striatum of schizophrenic patients

1997 • 163 citations

Amphetamine‐stimulated dopamine release competes in vivo for [¹²³I]IBZM binding to the D2 receptor in nonhuman primates

1992 • 157 citations

Neonatal lesions of the medial temporal lobe disrupt prefrontal cortical regulation of striatal dopamine

1998 • 156 citations

PET study of competition between intravenous cocaine and [11C]raclopride at dopamine receptors in human subjects

1997 • 151 citations

Local cooling of pre‐frontal cortex induces pacemaker‐like firing of dopamine neurons in rat ventral tegmental area in vivo

1989 • 151 citations

SPECT measurement of benzodiazepine receptors in human brain with iodine-123-iomazenil: kinetic and equilibrium paradigms.

1994 • 146 citations

Effects of MK-801 on spontaneous and amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in striatum measured with in vivo microdialysis in awake rats

1996 • 143 citations

Responses to apomorphine, amphetamine, and neuroleptics in schizophrenic subjects

1980 • 143 citations

D₂ Dopamine Receptor Binding in the Basal Ganglia of Antipsychotic-Free Schizophrenic Patients

1994 • 137 citations

Non-NMDA excitatory amino acid receptors in the ventral tegmental area mediate systemic dizocilpine (MK-801) induced hyperlocomotion and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens

1998 • 129 citations

Endocytosis and recycling of G protein-coupled receptors

1997 • 122 citations

Effects of endogenous dopamine on kinetics of [³H]N‐methylspiperone and [³H]raclopride binding in the rat brain

1991 • 122 citations

Subchronic methamphetamine treatment enhances methamphetamine- or cocaine-induced dopamine efflux in vivo

1989 • 119 citations

Prediction of Relapse in Schizophrenia

1987 • 115 citations

Enhanced extracellular dopamine level may be the fundamental neuropharmacological basis of cross-behavioral sensitization between methamphetamine and cocaine — an in vivo dialysis study in freely moving rats

1990 • 114 citations

Lack of a bimodal distribution of ventricular size in schizophrenia: A Gaussian mixture analysis of 1056 cases and controls

1991 • 109 citations

Effect of reserpine-induced depletion of synaptic dopamine on [11C]Raclopride binding to D2-dopamine receptors in the monkey brain

1997 • 106 citations

Effects of endogenous dopamine on measures of [¹⁸F]N‐methylspiroperidol binding in the basal ganglia: Comparison of simulations and experimental results from PET studies in baboons

1991 • 105 citations

Concomitant sensitization of amphetamine-induced behavioral stimulation and in vivo dopamine release from rat caudate nucleus

1991 • 104 citations

SPECT Quantification of [¹²³I]Iomazenil Binding to Benzodiazepine Receptors in Nonhuman Primates: II. Equilibrium Analysis of Constant Infusion Experiments and Correlation with in vitro Parameters

1994 • 104 citations

Synaptic Concentration of Dopamine in the Mouse Striatum in Relationship to the Kinetic Properties of the Dopamine Receptors and Uptake Mechanism

1991 • 100 citations

d-Amphetamine-induced heterogeneous changes in psychotic behavior in schizophrenia

1982 • 100 citations

CNS stimulants as tools in the study of schizophrenia

1984 • 100 citations

Amphetamine induced decreases in (¹⁸F)‐N‐methylspiroperidol binding in the baboon brain using positron emission tomography (PET)

1991 • 91 citations

Turning off the signal: mechanisms that attenuate signaling by G protein-coupled receptors

1997 • 88 citations

Evaluation ofd-amphetamine effects on the binding of dopamine D-2 receptor radioligand,18F-fallypride in nonhuman primates using positron emission tomography

1997 • 85 citations

Stability of [123I]IBZM SPECT measurement of amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release in humans

1999 • 82 citations

Changes in striatal D2-receptor density following chronic treatment with amphetamine as assessed with pet in nonhuman primates

1999 • 80 citations

Methylphenidate challenge as a predictor of relapse in schizophrenia

1984 • 77 citations

Assessment of endogenous dopamine release by methylphenidate challenge using iodine-123 iodobenzamide single-photon emission tomography

1997 • 76 citations

Comparable changes in synaptic dopamine induced by methylphenidate and by cocaine in the baboon brain

1999 • 74 citations

Dopamine receptor binding predicts clinical and pharmacological potencies of antischizophrenic drugs

1996 • 63 citations

In vivo binding of N-n-propylnorapomorphine in the rat brain: Regional localization, quantification in striatum and lack of correlation with dopamine metabolism

1983 • 54 citations

Regional in vivo binding of [3H]N-propylnorapomorphine in the mouse brain. Evidence for labelling of central dopamine receptors

1981 • 53 citations

Kinetic properties of the in vivo accumulation of 3H-(?)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine in mouse brain

1989 • 52 citations

Evaluation of 5‐[¹⁸F]Fluoropropylepidepride as a potential pet radioligand for imaging dopamine D2 receptors

1993 • 41 citations

Dopamine receptor changes in schizophrenia in relation to the disease process and movement disorder.

1983 • 39 citations

In vivo quantification of dopamine D2 receptor parameters in nonhuman primates with [123I]iodobenzofuran and single photon emission computerized tomography

1994 • 36 citations

Single photon emission tomography measurement of benzodiazepine receptor number and affinity in primate brain: a constant infusion paradigm with [123I]iomazenil

1993 • 35 citations

Exogenous 1-dopa alters spiroperidol binding, , in the mouse striatum

1986 • 18 citations