Alois Alzheimer revisited: differences in origin of the disease carrying his name

The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics

2002 • 13,092 citations

Amyloid Oligomers Exacerbate Tau Pathology in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy

2012 • 10,051 citations

Lipid rafts and signal transduction

2000 • 6,079 citations

Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B

1995 • 5,143 citations

Self-organized criticality

1988 • 4,654 citations

Protein folding in the cell

1992 • 4,138 citations

Stress signaling from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum: coordination of gene transcriptional and translational controls

1999 • 2,237 citations

Synchronization of Pulse-Coupled Biological Oscillators

1990 • 2,065 citations

Apolipoprotein E: Far More Than a Lipid Transport Protein

2000 • 1,710 citations

Metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex in very early Alzheimer's disease

1997 • 1,680 citations

Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. Higher than previously reported

1989 • 1,630 citations

CNS Synaptogenesis Promoted by Glia-Derived Cholesterol

2001 • 1,622 citations

The PI3K–PDK1 connection: more than just a road to PKB

2000 • 1,563 citations

Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and signaling mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease – is this type 3 diabetes?

2005 • 1,562 citations

Brain energy metabolism

1978 • 1,448 citations

Membrane lipid composition and cellular function.

1985 • 1,439 citations

Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates the levels of insulin, amyloid β-protein, and the β-amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain in vivo

2003 • 1,393 citations

Uber eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde

1907 • 1,332 citations

Positron-emission tomography

1997 • 1,179 citations

Protein Sorting by Transport Vesicles

1996 • 1,168 citations

GSK-3α regulates production of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β peptides

2003 • 1,145 citations

Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community Population of Older Persons

1989 • 1,128 citations

Phospholipid Methylation and Biological Signal Transmission

1980 • 1,101 citations

Involvement of oxidative stress-induced abnormalities in ceramide and cholesterol metabolism in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease

2004 • 1,063 citations

Molecular dissection of the secretory pathway

1992 • 985 citations

Thematic review series: Brain Lipids. Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal

2004 • 985 citations

Intraneuronal Aβ42 Accumulation in Human Brain

2000 • 955 citations

Release of Alzheimer Amyloid Precursor Derivatives Stimulated by Activation of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors

1992 • 899 citations

ATP and Brain Function

1989 • 812 citations

Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: association with education. The Rotterdam study

1995 • 786 citations

Discrimination between Alzheimer Dementia and Controls by Automated Analysis of Multicenter FDG PET

2002 • 768 citations

Mechanism of activation and function of protein kinase B

1998 • 753 citations

Brain insulin and insulin receptors in aging and sporadic Alzheimer's disease

1998 • 728 citations

Minireview: 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1— A Tissue-Specific Amplifier of Glucocorticoid Action¹

2001 • 712 citations

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and function deteriorate with progression of Alzheimer's disease: Link to brain reductions in acetylcholine

2005 • 696 citations

über eigenartige Krankheitsfälle des späteren Alters

1911 • 673 citations

Fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids in aging and in Alzheimer’s disease

1991 • 645 citations

Cholesterol homeostasis in human brain: evidence for an age-dependent flux of 24S-hydroxycholesterol from the brain into the circulation.

1996 • 642 citations

Neuroactive steroids: mechanisms of action and neuropsychopharmacological perspectives

1999 • 632 citations

Localization of Functional Activity in the Central Nervous System by Measurement of Glucose Utilization with Radioactive Deoxyglucose

1981 • 572 citations

Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer brain: Mechanistic implications

2005 • 566 citations

Positron emission tomography in Alzheimer's disease

1986 • 563 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma insulin levels in Alzheimer's disease

1998 • 550 citations

GM1 ganglioside–bound amyloid β–protein (Aβ): A possible form of preamyloid in Alzheimer's disease

1995 • 521 citations

Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Regulate Tau Phosphorylation in Cultured Human Neurons

1997 • 517 citations

Evidence for a membrane defect in Alzheimer disease brain.

1992 • 514 citations

Cholesterol homeostasis in human brain: turnover of 24S-hydroxycholesterol and evidence for a cerebral origin of most of this oxysterol in the circulation

1998 • 508 citations

Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 and the Alzheimer‐like state of microtubule‐associated protein tau

1992 • 507 citations

DYNAMIC O-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION OF NUCLEAR AND CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS

1997 • 502 citations

Electron transport chain defects in Alzheimer's disease brain

1994 • 483 citations

Stimulation of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein Trafficking by Insulin Reduces Intraneuronal β-Amyloid and Requires Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling

2001 • 479 citations

The source of cerebral insulin

2004 • 473 citations

New Frontiers in Alzheimer's Disease Genetics

2001 • 470 citations

Neurons Regulate Extracellular Levels of Amyloid β-Protein via Proteolysis by Insulin-Degrading Enzyme

2000 • 466 citations

Impairment of Glucose and Glutamate Transport and Induction of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Dysfunction in Synaptosomes by Amyloid β‐Peptide: Role of the Lipid Peroxidation Product 4‐Hydroxynonenal

1997 • 440 citations

Presynaptic Cholinergic Dysfunction in Patients with Dementia

1983 • 422 citations

Intracellular cholesterol transport

1999 • 416 citations

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β is identical to tau protein kinase I generating several epitopes of paired helical filaments

1993 • 397 citations

Evidence that neurones accumulating amyloid can undergo lysis to form amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease

2001 • 385 citations

Alzheimer's β‐amyloid peptide specifically interacts with and is degraded by insulin degrading enzyme

1994 • 385 citations

Cholesterol-dependent Formation of GM1 Ganglioside-bound Amyloid β-Protein, an Endogenous Seed for Alzheimer Amyloid

2001 • 381 citations

Cortical abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease

1984 • 378 citations

Insulin signal transduction through protein kinase cascades.

1998 • 364 citations

Experimental study of critical-mass fluctuations in an evolving sandpile

1990 • 361 citations

ARTERIAL AND CEREBRAL VENOUS BLOOD

1942 • 356 citations

Decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in Huntington and Alzheimer brain

1983 • 355 citations

Reduced glucose tolerance is associated with poor memory performance and hippocampal atrophy among normal elderly

2003 • 343 citations

Differential effects of electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve on metabolic activity in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion in the rat.

1985 • 341 citations

Insulin gene expression and insulin synthesis in mammalian neuronal cells.

1994 • 327 citations

The Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Substrate p58/53 and the Insulin Receptor Are Components of CNS Synapses

1999 • 326 citations

Membrane Disruption by Alzheimer β-Amyloid Peptides Mediated through Specific Binding to Either Phospholipids or Gangliosides

1996 • 323 citations

Membrane Lipids, Selectively Diminished in Alzheimer Brains, Suggest Synapse Loss as a Primary Event in Early‐Onset Form (Type I) and Demyelination in Late‐Onset Form (Type II)

1994 • 321 citations

Neuronal membrane cholesterol loss enhances amyloid peptide generation

2004 • 319 citations

Distribution of insulin receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat forebrain

1989 • 297 citations

Membrane breakdown in acute and chronic neurodegeneration: focus on choline-containing phospholipids

2000 • 297 citations

Corticosteroids and cognition

2001 • 296 citations

Impaired cerebral glucose metabolism and cognitive functioning predict deterioration in mild cognitive impairment

2001 • 292 citations

Role of ATP and disulphide bonds during protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum

1992 • 286 citations

Reciprocity between O-GlcNAc and O-Phosphate on the Carboxyl Terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II

2001 • 267 citations

Increased Aβ Peptides and Reduced Cholesterol and Myelin Proteins Characterize White Matter Degeneration in Alzheimer's Disease

2002 • 267 citations

Structural differences between insulin receptors in the brain and peripheral target tissues.

1983 • 265 citations

Is sporadic Alzheimer disease the brain type of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus? A challenging hypothesis

1998 • 260 citations

Cortisol and Alzheimer's disease, I: Basal studies

1986 • 249 citations

Endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction – a common denominator for cell injury in acute and degenerative diseases of the brain?

2001 • 244 citations

Decreased synthesis of acetylcholine accompanying impaired oxidation of pyruvic acid in rat brain minces

1975 • 242 citations

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase

1973 • 240 citations

Insulin Transiently Increases Tau Phosphorylation

1999 • 233 citations

Degradation of soluble amyloid beta-peptides 1-40, 1-42, and the Dutch variant 1-40Q by insulin degrading enzyme from Alzheimer disease and control brains.

2000 • 233 citations

Coenzyme a-acetylating enzymes in Alzheimer's disease: Possible cholinergic ‘compartment’ of pyruvate dehydrogenase

1980 • 232 citations

Altered cerebral energy metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: a PET study.

1994 • 229 citations

Insulin activates protein kinase B, inhibits glycogen synthase kinase‐3 and activates glycogen synthase by rapamycin‐insensitive pathways in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

1997 • 217 citations

Alzheimer‐like changes in protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase‐3 in rat frontal cortex and hippocampus after damage to the insulin signalling pathway

2006 • 215 citations

Cholesterol homeostasis in neurons and glial cells

2005 • 211 citations

Structural membrane alterations in Alzheimer brains found to be associated with regional disease development; increased density of gangliosides GM1 and GM2 and loss of cholesterol in detergent‐resistant membrane domains

2004 • 210 citations

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors in the nervous system

1989 • 207 citations

Lipid Composition in Different Regions of the Brain in Alzheimer's Disease/Senile Dementia of Alzheimer's Type

1992 • 203 citations

Copernicus revisited: amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease

2001 • 203 citations

Evidence of Glutamatergic Denervation and Possible Abnormal Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease

1988 • 200 citations

Mechanism of Acidification of the trans-Golgi Network (TGN)

1998 • 195 citations

Predominant abnormality in cerebral glucose utilization in late-onset dementia of the Alzheimer type: A cross-sectional comparison against advanced late-onset and incipient early-onset cases

1991 • 193 citations

The protein machinery of vesicle budding and fusion

1996 • 181 citations

Structural Transitions Associated with the Interaction of Alzheimer β-Amyloid Peptides with Gangliosides

1998 • 180 citations

Degradation of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid protein by human and rat brain peptidases: involvement of insulin-degrading enzyme.

1997 • 180 citations

Glucocorticoid regulation of insulin receptor and substrate IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle in vivo.

1993 • 177 citations

Evidence for changes in the Alzheimer's disease brain cortical membrane structure mediated by cholesterol

1992 • 177 citations

Insulin regulates soluble amyloid precursor protein release via phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase‐dependent pathway

2000 • 175 citations

Brain α‐Ketoglutarate Dehydrotenase Complex Activity in Alzheimer's Disease

1993 • 174 citations

Activities of key glycolytic enzymes in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease

1999 • 162 citations

Increasing Age Alters Transbilayer Fluidity and Cholesterol Asymmetry in Synaptic Plasma Membranes of Mice

1996 • 157 citations

In vivo ³¹ P NMR profiles of Alzheimer's disease and multiple subcortical infarct dementia

1989 • 156 citations

Oxidative energy metabolism in Alzheimer brain

1992 • 156 citations

Insulin Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease Differs According to Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Gender

1999 • 151 citations

Direct Measurement of trans-Golgi pH in Living Cells and Regulation by Second Messengers

1995 • 150 citations

Regulation of the Na+/K+-ATPase by insulin: why and how?

1998 • 149 citations

31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Brain in Alzheimerʼs Disease

1988 • 149 citations

Increased activity of surviving locus ceruleus neurons in Alzheimer's disease

1999 • 149 citations

Protein dissociation from GRP78 and secretion are blocked by depletion of cellular ATP levels.

1990 • 147 citations

Increased CSF cortisol in AD is a function of APOE genotype

2001 • 145 citations

Inhibition of Cholesterol Production but Not of Nonsterol Isoprenoid Products Induces Neuronal Cell Death

1999 • 142 citations

Early-life programming of susceptibility to dysregulation of glucose metabolism and the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus

2000 • 139 citations

Cholesterol Modulates the Membrane- Disordering Effects of Beta-Amyloid Peptides in the Hippocampus: Specific Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease

2000 • 139 citations

Changes in Blood Glucose and Insulin Secretion in Patients with Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type

1983 • 139 citations

Recent Advances in Membrane Cholesterol Domain Dynamics and Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking

1996 • 138 citations

Increased Cortisol Levels in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease in Postmortem Cerebrospinal Fluid

1994 • 138 citations

Der Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel des menschlichen Gehirns

1963 • 134 citations

Two novel kinases phosphorylate tau and the KSP site of heavy neurofilament subunits in high stoichiometric ratios

1991 • 134 citations

Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Normal Human Aging, Pathological Aging, and Senile Dementia

1985 • 129 citations

Impaired brain glucose metabolism leads to Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration through a decrease in tau O-GlcNAcylation

2006 • 128 citations

Metabolic Processes in Alzheimer's Disease: Adenine Nucleotide Content and Production of ¹⁴CO₂ from [U‐¹⁴C]Glucose In Vitro in Human Neocortex

1983 • 126 citations

Raft disorganization leads to reduced plasmin activity in Alzheimer's disease brains

2003 • 124 citations

Clinical Deterioration in Probable Alzheimer's Disease Correlates with Progressive Metabolic Impairment of Association Areas

1994 • 120 citations

Decreased tyrosine kinase activity of insulin receptor isolated from rat adipocytes rendered insulin-resistant by catecholamine treatment in vitro

1986 • 119 citations

Phospholipid‐Metabolizing Enzymes in Alzheimer's Disease: Increased Lysophospholipid Acyltransferase Activity and Decreased Phospholipase A₂ Activity

1998 • 118 citations

Insulin and glucosamine infusions increase O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine in skeletal muscle proteins in vivo

1998 • 115 citations

Glucocorticoid-related genetic susceptibility for Alzheimer's disease

2003 • 111 citations

Increased caveolin-1 expression in Alzheimer’s disease brain

2003 • 110 citations

Amyloid precursor protein, although partially detergent-insoluble in mouse cerebral cortex, behaves as an atypical lipid raft protein

1999 • 110 citations

Decreased phospholipase A2 activity in Alzheimer brains

1995 • 109 citations

Cholinergic Neural Regulation of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow

1995 • 108 citations

EnhancedO-GlcNAc protein modification is associated with insulin resistance in GLUT1-overexpressing muscles

2002 • 104 citations

Aging, memory, and the cholinergic system: A study of dichotic listening☆

1980 • 100 citations

Effects of Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Aging on Cerebrospinal Fluid Norepinephrine Responses to Yohimbine and Clonidine

1995 • 96 citations

The cholinergic pathology in Alzheimer's disease - discrepancies between clinical experience and pathophysiological findings

2002 • 95 citations

GM1 Ganglioside-Bound Amyloid β-Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease Brain

1998 • 91 citations

Levels of phospholipid catabolic intermediates, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine, are elevated in brains of Alzheimer's disease but not of Down's syndrome patients

1990 • 90 citations

The role of the metabolic lesion in Alzheimer's disease

2002 • 89 citations

Central and Peripheral Endorphins: Basic and Clinical Aspects

1986 • 89 citations

Abnormal processing of multiple proteins in Alzheimer disease.

1989 • 89 citations

Regulation of insulin receptor signaling by protein-tyrosine dephosphorylation.

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Tangle-bearing neurons contain more free cholesterol than adjacent tangle-free neurons

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Cerebral Metabolism of Isotopic Glucose in Normal Human Subjects

1957 • 80 citations

Developmental regulation of insulin in the mammalian central nervous system

1992 • 76 citations

Senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Brain blood flow and metabolism

1986 • 76 citations

Hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical and sympathetic nervous system responses to the cold pressor test in Alzheimer’s disease

2000 • 72 citations

Failure to Maintain Glycolysis in Anoxic Nerve Terminals

1986 • 71 citations

Changes in brain membrane phospholipid and high-energy phosphate metabolism precede dementia

1995 • 67 citations

Insulin stimulates choline acetyltransferase activity in cultured embryonic chicken retina neurons.

1987 • 65 citations

In Vivo Regulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretion in Rat Neocortex by Cholinergic Activity

1997 • 63 citations

What is entropy?

1989 • 62 citations

Brain Cholesterol, Statins and Alzheimer’s Disease

2003 • 61 citations

Insulin in the cerebrospinal fluid

1991 • 58 citations

Cerebrospinal Fluid Epinephrine in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Aging

1998 • 57 citations

Cortisol and dehydroepiandosterone sulfate plasma levels and their relationship to aging, cognitive function, and dementia

2002 • 57 citations

Short-term or long-term intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of insulin exhibits a discrete anabolic effect on cerebral energy metabolism in the rat

1994 • 54 citations

The Phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase Inhibitor Wortmannin Alters the Metabolism of the Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein

1999 • 52 citations

Der Aminos�uren-Stoffwechsel des normalen menschlichen Gehirns

1970 • 48 citations

Glucose and amino acid metabolism in rat brain during sustained hypoglycemia

1983 • 46 citations

Insulin action rapidly decreases multifunctional protein kinase activity in rat adipose tissue.

1988 • 45 citations

Stimulation of glycolytic key enzymes in cerebral cortex by insulin

1993 • 39 citations

Proteomic characterisation of neuronal sphingolipid-cholesterol microdomains: role in plasminogen activation

2003 • 39 citations

Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal β‐Oxidation of Stearic and Lignoceric Acids by Rat Brain

1989 • 38 citations

Changes of Activity and Isozyme Pattern of Phosphofructokinase in the Brains of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

1996 • 37 citations

Effect of ATP depletion and DTT on the transport of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and the intermediate compartment to the Golgi complex.

1995 • 34 citations

Changes in membrane properties during energy depletion-induced cell injury studied with fluorescence microscopy

1996 • 31 citations

Degradation of membrane phospholipids in the cultured human astroglial cell line UC-11MG during ATP depletion

1993 • 27 citations

REVIEW

1983 • 27 citations

Cholesterol attenuates the membrane perturbing properties of β-amyloid peptides

2002 • 25 citations

Brain Damage and Repair

2004 • 23 citations

Molecular cloning of G protein α subunits from the central nervous system of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis

1992 • 22 citations

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mRNA in Alzheimer and control brain

2001 • 22 citations

Evidence of an insulin generated pyruvate dehydrogenase stimulating factor in rat brain plasma membranes

1987 • 20 citations

Biologic Differences Between Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease

1995 • 16 citations

Altered phosphofructokinase mRNA levels but unchanged isoenzyme pattern in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease

2000 • 13 citations

Order and chaos in chemistry and biology

1990 • 12 citations

Insulin resistant brain state and its link to diabetes mellitus

2005 • 7 citations

Phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB> Activity

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Demenz im höchsten Alter ist keine Notwendigkeit

2001 • 7 citations

The Aging Brain — the Burden of Life (?)

2004 • 4 citations

Aging, memory, and the cholinergic system: a study of dichotic listening.

1979 • 2 citations