Appetite and reward
Data up to Jan 2025
Total Citations Per Year
Abstract
References (393)
A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward
1997 • 8,991 citations
Parallel Organization of Functionally Segregated Circuits Linking Basal Ganglia and Cortex
1986 • 8,208 citations
Well-being : the foundations of hedonic psychology
1999 • 7,338 citations
The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis
1939 • 4,304 citations
Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing
1990 • 4,029 citations
What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?
1998 • 3,973 citations
Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents
2000 • 3,915 citations
Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain.
1954 • 3,047 citations
D 1 and D 2 Dopamine Receptor-regulated Gene Expression of Striatonigral and Striatopallidal Neurons
1990 • 2,873 citations
NEURAL MECHANISMS OF ADDICTION: The Role of Reward-Related Learning and Memory
2006 • 2,533 citations
From motivation to action: Functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system
1980 • 2,292 citations
Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake
2002 • 2,263 citations
Dopamine transmission in the initiation and expression of drug- and stress-induced sensitization of motor activity
1991 • 2,025 citations
Food reward: Brain substrates of wanting and liking
1996 • 1,831 citations
Brain dopamine and obesity
2001 • 1,817 citations
Inhibition of Food Intake in Obese Subjects by Peptide YY3–36
2003 • 1,549 citations
Striatonigrostriatal Pathways in Primates Form an Ascending Spiral from the Shell to the Dorsolateral Striatum
2000 • 1,539 citations
Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex
2007 • 1,409 citations
Factors That Predict Individual Vulnerability to Amphetamine Self-Administration
1989 • 1,354 citations
The control of firing pattern in nigral dopamine neurons: burst firing
1984 • 1,326 citations
REVIEW ON CPP: Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm: update of the last decade
2007 • 1,284 citations
Hypothalamic control of food intake in rats and cats.
1951 • 1,187 citations
Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals
1898 • 1,165 citations
Distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in brain and peripheral tissues
1997 • 1,137 citations
D1 and D2 dopamine-receptor modulation of striatal glutamatergic signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons
2007 • 1,125 citations
Progressive Ratio as a Measure of Reward Strength
1961 • 1,108 citations
Insulin receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system of the rat
1978 • 1,092 citations
Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons
1979 • 1,089 citations
Structural plasticity associated with exposure to drugs of abuse
2004 • 1,088 citations
Expression of ghrelin receptor mRNA in the rat and the mouse brain
2005 • 1,029 citations
Regulation of firing of dopaminergic neurons and control of goal-directed behaviors
2007 • 1,012 citations
Distributions of leptin receptor mRNA isoforms in the rat brain
1998 • 1,011 citations
Mechanisms of Leptin Action and Leptin Resistance
2007 • 989 citations
Behavioral dopamine signals
2007 • 986 citations
Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits
2007 • 958 citations
Nucleus accumbens shell and core dopamine: differential role in behavior and addiction
2002 • 957 citations
Striatal Plasticity and Basal Ganglia Circuit Function
2008 • 931 citations
Ghrelin modulates the activity and synaptic input organization of midbrain dopamine neurons while promoting appetite
2006 • 922 citations
Leptin Receptor Signaling in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Regulates Feeding
2006 • 872 citations
The control of firing pattern in nigral dopamine neurons: single spike firing
1984 • 856 citations
Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior11Published on the World Wide Web on 2 November 2000.
2000 • 823 citations
Chemically defined projections linking the mediobasal hypothalamus and the lateral hypothalamic area
1998 • 817 citations
Development of Cortical Circuitry and Cognitive Function
1987 • 794 citations
Relation Between Obesity and Blunted Striatal Response to Food Is Moderated by Taq IA A1 Allele
2008 • 762 citations
Intra-Accumbens Amphetamine Increases the Conditioned Incentive Salience of Sucrose Reward: Enhancement of Reward “Wanting” without Enhanced “Liking” or Response Reinforcement
2000 • 760 citations
The short-latency dopamine signal: a role in discovering novel actions?
2006 • 754 citations
Leptin Receptor Immunoreactivity in Chemically Defined Target Neurons of the Hypothalamus
1998 • 753 citations
Corticostriatal-hypothalamic circuitry and food motivation: Integration of energy, action and reward
2005 • 741 citations
Endocannabinoid control of food intake and energy balance
2005 • 734 citations
On the role of ascending catecholaminergic systems in intravenous self-administration of cocaine
1977 • 733 citations
Alterations in the morphology of dendrites and dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex following repeated treatment with amphetamine or cocaine
1999 • 722 citations
Orexin A in the VTA Is Critical for the Induction of Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Sensitization to Cocaine
2006 • 704 citations
Measuring hedonic impact in animals and infants: microstructure of affective taste reactivity patterns
2000 • 688 citations
Dopamine Operates as a Subsecond Modulator of Food Seeking
2004 • 686 citations
Ghrelin Modulates Brain Activity in Areas that Control Appetitive Behavior
2008 • 651 citations
Localization of a "Feeding Center" in the Hypothalamus of the Rat
1951 • 646 citations
The neostriatal mosaic: compartmental distribution of calcium-binding protein and parvalbumin in the basal ganglia of the rat and monkey.
1985 • 633 citations
Food reward and cocaine increase extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens as measured by microdialysis
1988 • 619 citations
Leptin Regulation of the Mesoaccumbens Dopamine Pathway
2006 • 615 citations
Leptin Regulates Striatal Regions and Human Eating Behavior
2007 • 608 citations
Ascending central gustatory pathways
1973 • 591 citations
Pharmacologic mechanisms of serotonergic regulation of dopamine neurotransmission
2006 • 586 citations
Detecting Subsecond Dopamine Release with Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry in Vivo
2003 • 572 citations
Low dopamine striatal D2 receptors are associated with prefrontal metabolism in obese subjects: Possible contributing factors
2008 • 554 citations
Intraventricular corticotropin-releasing factor enhances behavioral effects of novelty
1982 • 536 citations
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS
1984 • 524 citations
Sensitization of midbrain dopamine neuron reactivity and the self-administration of psychomotor stimulant drugs
2003 • 516 citations
An autoradiographic study of the efferent connections of the lateral hypothalamic area in the rat
1979 • 505 citations
Anatomical substrates of orexin–dopamine interactions: lateral hypothalamic projections to the ventral tegmental area
2002 • 499 citations
Parallel and interactive learning processes within the basal ganglia: Relevance for the understanding of addiction
2008 • 495 citations
Cortical Dopaminergic Involvement in Cocaine Reinforcement
1983 • 491 citations
An integrative neuroanatomical perspective on some subcortical substrates of adaptive responding with emphasis on the nucleus accumbens
2000 • 479 citations
Efflux of dopamine from the synaptic cleft in the nucleus accumbens of the rat brain
1994 • 473 citations
PYY modulation of cortical and hypothalamic brain areas predicts feeding behaviour in humans
2007 • 465 citations
FORMAL PROPERTIES OF THE MATCHING LAW1
1974 • 464 citations
Cortical, thalamic, and amygdaloid connections of the anterior and posterior insular cortices
1998 • 462 citations
Destruction of dopaminergic nerve terminals in nucleus accumbens: Effect on d-amphetamine self-administration
1979 • 460 citations
Expression of receptors for insulin and leptin in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN) of the rat
2003 • 453 citations
Leptin targets in the mouse brain
2009 • 448 citations
Nucleus Accumbens Neurons Are Innately Tuned for Rewarding and Aversive Taste Stimuli, Encode Their Predictors, and Are Linked to Motor Output
2005 • 436 citations
Cholinergic interneuron characteristics and nicotinic properties in the striatum
2002 • 428 citations
Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi and olfactory tubercle on feeding, locomotor activity, and amphetamine anorexia in the rat.
1978 • 421 citations
Haloperidol and nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion suppress lever pressing for food but increase free food consumption in a novel food choice procedure
1991 • 417 citations
Modulation of Brain Reward Circuitry by Leptin
2000 • 411 citations
Food Reward in the Absence of Taste Receptor Signaling
2008 • 405 citations
Self-Stimulation of the Brain
1958 • 403 citations
PRECLINICAL STUDY: Ghrelin administration into tegmental areas stimulates locomotor activity and increases extracellular concentration of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens
2006 • 400 citations
The lateral hypothalamic area revisited: Ingestive behavior
1996 • 400 citations
Opioid site in nucleus accumbens shell mediates eating and hedonic ‘liking’ for food: map based on microinjection Fos plumes
2000 • 399 citations
Lesion to the Nigrostriatal Dopamine System Disrupts Stimulus-Response Habit Formation
2005 • 396 citations
Ghrelin induces feeding in the mesolimbic reward pathway between the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens
2005 • 391 citations
Glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell control feeding behavior via the lateral hypothalamus
1995 • 390 citations
Leptin Acts via Leptin Receptor-Expressing Lateral Hypothalamic Neurons to Modulate the Mesolimbic Dopamine System and Suppress Feeding
2009 • 390 citations
The amygdala and emotion
1996 • 386 citations
The Ventral Pallidum and Hedonic Reward: Neurochemical Maps of Sucrose “Liking” and Food Intake
2005 • 379 citations
Expression of the melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor mRNA in the rat brain
2001 • 378 citations
In vivo measurement of extracellular dopamine and DOPAC in rat striatum after various dopamine-releasing drugs implications for the origin of extracellular DOPAC
1988 • 378 citations
Hypothalamic Control of Feeding and Self-Stimulation
1962 • 376 citations
Differential Influence of Associative and Nonassociative Learning Mechanisms on the Responsiveness of Prefrontal and Accumbal Dopamine Transmission to Food Stimuli in Rats FedAd Libitum
1997 • 374 citations
Self-injection of amphetamine directly into the brain
1983 • 373 citations
Functional‐anatomical Implications of the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell Subterritories
1999 • 368 citations
Endocannabinoid Hedonic Hotspot for Sensory Pleasure: Anandamide in Nucleus Accumbens Shell Enhances ‘Liking’ of a Sweet Reward
2007 • 357 citations
Dopamine Signaling in the Dorsal Striatum Is Essential for Motivated Behaviors
2008 • 350 citations
A portrait of the substrate for self-stimulation.
1981 • 344 citations
PRECLINICAL STUDY: Ghrelin stimulates locomotor activity and accumbal dopamine‐overflow via central cholinergic systems in mice: implications for its involvement in brain reward
2006 • 342 citations
The medial forebrain bundle of the rat. I. General introduction
1982 • 340 citations
The Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Acts in the Nucleus Accumbens to Modulate Feeding Behavior and Forced-Swim Performance
2005 • 339 citations
Rewarding Actions of Phencyclidine and Related Drugs in Nucleus Accumbens Shell and Frontal Cortex
1996 • 331 citations
Cannabinoids Enhance Subsecond Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens of Awake Rats
2004 • 330 citations
Real-time chemical responses in the nucleus accumbens differentiate rewarding and aversive stimuli
2008 • 326 citations
Coincident Activation of NMDA and Dopamine D1Receptors within the Nucleus Accumbens Core Is Required for Appetitive Instrumental Learning
2000 • 324 citations
Identical "Feeding" and "Rewarding" Systems in the Lateral Hypothalamus of Rats
1962 • 322 citations
Intake of high-fat food is selectively enhanced by mu opioid receptor stimulation within the nucleus accumbens.
1998 • 322 citations
Pimozide-induced extinction of intracranial self-stimulation: response patterns rule out motor or performance deficits
1976 • 320 citations
Regulation of dopamine release by impulse flow and by autoreceptors as studied by in vivo voltammetry in the rat striatum
1985 • 317 citations
Discrete neurochemical coding of distinguishable motivational processes: insights from nucleus accumbens control of feeding
2007 • 310 citations
The Role of Pleasure in Behavior
1965 • 305 citations
ADVANCES IN METABOLIC DISORDERS
1965 • 302 citations
EFFECTS OF INCREMENT SIZE AND REINFORCER VOLUME ON PROGRESSIVE RATIO PERFORMANCE
1963 • 299 citations
Dopaminergic correlates of motivated behavior: importance of drive
1995 • 296 citations
The frequency and distribution of medium-sized neurons with indented nuclei in the primate and rodent neostriatum
1985 • 296 citations
The neural mechanisms of gustation: a distributed processing code
2006 • 292 citations
Hypothalamic neuronal responses associated with the sight of food
1976 • 290 citations
CART peptides: regulators of body weight, reward and other functions
2008 • 288 citations
The Geometry of Leptin Action in the Brain: More Complicated Than a Simple ARC
2009 • 288 citations
Forebrain substrates of reward and motivation
2005 • 282 citations
Modulation of feeding‐induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by appetitive stimuli and its relation to motivational state
1999 • 276 citations
Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons and Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons Encode the Difference between Reward and Aversive Events at Different Epochs of Probabilistic Classical Conditioning Trials
2008 • 276 citations
Nucleus accumbens opioid, GABAergic, and dopaminergic modulation of palatable food motivation: Contrasting effects revealed by a progressive ratio study in the rat.
2003 • 266 citations
After daily bingeing on a sucrose solution, food deprivation induces anxiety and accumbens dopamine/acetylcholine imbalance
2008 • 263 citations
The tonic/phasic model of dopamine system regulation: its relevance for understanding how stimulant abuse can alter basal ganglia function
1995 • 263 citations
Taste reactivity analysis of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced aphagia: Implications for arousal and anhedonia hypotheses of dopamine function.
1989 • 261 citations
Enhanced intake of high-fat food following striatal mu-opioid stimulation: microinjection mapping and Fos expression
2000 • 258 citations
Reinforcing effects of morphine in the nucleus accumbens
1982 • 254 citations
The curve-shift paradigm in self-stimulation
1986 • 250 citations
Orexin Signaling in the Ventral Tegmental Area Is Required for High-Fat Appetite Induced by Opioid Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens
2007 • 246 citations
Distinguishing Whether Dopamine Regulates Liking, Wanting, and/or Learning About Rewards.
2005 • 243 citations
Compartment-specific localization of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and μ-opioid receptors in rat nucleus accumbens
2004 • 241 citations
Taste reactivity analysis of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced aphagia: Implications for arousal and anhedonia hypotheses of dopamine function.
1989 • 238 citations
Magnitude of Dopamine Release in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Accuracy of Memory on a Delayed Response Task
2004 • 231 citations
Inhibition of orexin-1/hypocretin-1 receptors inhibits yohimbine-induced reinstatement of ethanol and sucrose seeking in Long–Evans rats
2008 • 227 citations
New frontiers in basal ganglia research
1990 • 223 citations
Synaptic Overflow of Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens Arises from Neuronal Activity in the Ventral Tegmental Area
2009 • 223 citations
Regional differences in the regulation of dopamine and noradrenaline release in medial frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen: a microdialysis study in the rat
1992 • 220 citations
Economic Choice Theory: An Experimental Analysis of Animal Behavior
1995 • 219 citations
Dopaminergic antagonism within the nucleus accumbens or the amygdala produces differential effects on intravenous cocaine self-administration under fixed and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement
1993 • 214 citations
Lack of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Impairs Cocaine Self-Administration
2005 • 212 citations
IRS2-Akt pathway in midbrain dopamine neurons regulates behavioral and cellular responses to opiates
2006 • 211 citations
PI 3‐kinase regulation of dopamine uptake
2002 • 210 citations
Studies to investigate the role of 5-HT(2C) receptors on cocaine- and food-maintained behavior.
2000 • 209 citations
Overweight children find food more reinforcing and consume more energy than do nonoverweight children
2008 • 209 citations
Cocaine reinforcement and extracellular dopamine overflow in rat nucleus accumbens: an in vivo microdialysis study
1989 • 204 citations
Differential effects of morphine on food and water intake in food deprived and freely-feeding rats
1980 • 201 citations
Nucleus accumbens mu-opioids regulate intake of a high-fat diet via activation of a distributed brain network.
2003 • 199 citations
Baclofen Attenuates the Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine in Rats
1996 • 196 citations
Appetitive Instrumental Learning Requires Coincident Activation of NMDA and Dopamine D1 Receptors within the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
2002 • 193 citations
Effects of Dopamine Antagonists and Accumbens Dopamine Depletions on Time-Constrained Progressive-Ratio Performance
1998 • 192 citations
Cholinergic neuropil of the striatum observes striosomal boundaries
1986 • 192 citations
Neurophysiological analysis of brain-stimulation reward in the monkey
1980 • 190 citations
Sensory Feedback in Regulation of Body Weight: is there a Ponderostat?
1971 • 188 citations
Opiate agonists microinjected into the nucleus accumbens enhance sucrose drinking in rats
1997 • 188 citations
Contributions of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex to energy and body weight regulation
2008 • 188 citations
Naltrexone suppresses hyperphagia induced in the rat by a highly palatable diet
1981 • 187 citations
Behavioral methods for inferring anatomical linkage between rewarding brain stimulation sites.
1980 • 185 citations
Leptin Attenuates Acute Food Deprivation-Induced Relapse to Heroin Seeking
2001 • 184 citations
Disparities in obesity prevalence due to variation in the retail food environment: three testable hypotheses
2008 • 183 citations
Evidence for defective mesolimbic dopamine exocytosis in obesity‐prone rats
2008 • 182 citations
Neural basis of utility estimation
1997 • 180 citations
Feeding induced by opioid stimulation of the ventral striatum: role of opiate receptor subtypes.
1993 • 180 citations
Attenuation by haloperidol of place preference conditioning using food reinforcement
1982 • 179 citations
Evidence implicating descending fibers in self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle
1986 • 179 citations
Rewarding brain stimulation: Role of tegmental cholinergic neurons that activate dopamine neurons.
1993 • 179 citations
PRECLINICAL STUDY: Systemic administration of ghrelin induces conditioned place preference and stimulates accumbal dopamine
2008 • 178 citations
Motivational Effects of Cannabinoids and Opioids on Food Reinforcement Depend on Simultaneous Activation of Cannabinoid and Opioid Systems
2005 • 177 citations
Nucleus Accumbens μ-Opioids Regulate Intake of a High-Fat Diet via Activation of a Distributed Brain Network
2003 • 177 citations
A top-down perspective on dopamine, motivation and memory
2007 • 171 citations
Intraventricular insulin increases dopamine transporter mRNA in rat VTA/substantia nigra
1994 • 171 citations
Morphine Lowering of Self-Stimulation Thresholds: Lack of Tolerance with Long-Term Administration
1977 • 171 citations
Previous exposure to amphetamine increases incentive to obtain the drug: long-lasting effects revealed by the progressive ratio schedule
2000 • 171 citations
An opioid antagonist, naltrexone, reduces preference for sucrose in humans
1986 • 170 citations
Intraventricular Insulin and Leptin Reverse Place Preference Conditioned With High-Fat Diet in Rats.
2004 • 170 citations
A potential role for the hippocampus in energy intake and body weight regulation
2007 • 168 citations
Accumbens dopamine-acetylcholine balance in approach and avoidance
2007 • 168 citations
Hunger in Humans Induced by 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose: Glucoprivic Control of Taste Preference and Food Intake
1977 • 168 citations
Dopamine and conditioned reinforcement
1991 • 168 citations
Glucose as a Regulator of Neuronal Activity
1983 • 167 citations
Intraventricular insulin and leptin decrease sucrose self-administration in rats
2006 • 165 citations
Basal and feeding-evoked dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens is depressed by leptin
2003 • 164 citations
A reciprocal interaction between food-motivated behavior and diet-induced obesity
2007 • 161 citations
Cannabinoid influences on palatability: microstructural analysis of sucrose drinking after Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and SR141716
2003 • 160 citations
Increased food intake after opioid microinjections into nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area of rat
1986 • 160 citations
Dopaminergic Correlates of Sensory-Specific Satiety in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens of the Rat
1999 • 156 citations
Pimozide and amphetamine have opposing effects on the reward summation function
1984 • 156 citations
Effects of the availability of rewarding septal and hypothalamic stimulation on bar pressing for food under conditions of deprivation.
1965 • 154 citations
Reduced sensitivity to reward in CB1 knockout mice
2004 • 154 citations
Eating Elicited by Orexin-A, But Not Melanin-Concentrating Hormone, Is Opioid Mediated
2002 • 154 citations
The Anxiogenic Drug Yohimbine Reinstates Palatable Food Seeking in a Rat Relapse Model: a Role of CRF1 Receptors
2005 • 154 citations
Cannabis: Effects on hunger and thirst
1975 • 154 citations
The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist MPEP decreased break points for nicotine, cocaine and food in rats
2004 • 153 citations
Pimozide Does Not Shift Palatability: Separation of Anhedonia from Sensorimotor Suppression by Taste Reactivity
1997 • 152 citations
Effects of Feeding and Drinking on Acetylcholine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens, Striatum, and Hippocampus of Freely Behaving Rats
1992 • 150 citations
Rewarding brain stimulation: Role of tegmental cholinergic neurons that activate dopamine neurons.
1993 • 149 citations
Modulation of food reward by adiposity signals
2006 • 149 citations
Intracranial Self-Stimulation in Man
1963 • 145 citations
Gustatory cortex of primates: anatomy and physiology
1994 • 144 citations
Serotonin and energy balance: molecular mechanisms and implications for type 2 diabetes
2007 • 142 citations
Post-ingestive positive controls of ingestive behavior
2001 • 142 citations
Partial dopamine depletion of the prefrontal cortex leads to enhanced mesolimbic dopamine release elicited by repeated exposure to naturally reinforcing stimuli
1992 • 141 citations
Diet-Induced Inflammation of the Hypothalamus in Obesity
2008 • 137 citations
Orexin B/hypocretin 2 increases glutamatergic transmission to ventral tegmental area neurons
2008 • 135 citations
Acquisition of Stable Food Preferences
2009 • 135 citations
Specific changes in food intake elicited by blockade or activation of glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell
1998 • 134 citations
The GABA B receptor agonists baclofen and CGP44532 decreased nicotine self-administration in the rat
2004 • 134 citations
Selective effects of naltrexone on food pleasantness and intake
1996 • 134 citations
A Role for Dopamine D1 Receptors of the Nucleus Accumbens Shell in Conditioned Taste Aversion Learning
2001 • 133 citations
Tonically active neurons in the primate striatum and their role in the processing of information about motivationally relevant events
2002 • 131 citations
Differential effects of the hypocretin 1 receptor antagonist SB 334867 on high‐fat food self‐administration and reinstatement of food seeking in rats
2008 • 131 citations
Selective reward deficit in mice lacking beta-endorphin and enkephalin.
2002 • 131 citations
Activation of a subpopulation of orexin/hypocretin‐containing hypothalamic neurons by GABAA receptor‐mediated inhibition of the nucleus accumbens shell, but not by exposure to a novel environment
2004 • 130 citations
Morphine enhances hedonic taste palatability in rats
1993 • 130 citations
D1-like and D2 dopamine receptor antagonists administered into the shell subregion of the rat nucleus accumbens decrease cocaine, but not food, reinforcement
2005 • 127 citations
Neurochemical mediation of reward: A significant role for dopamine?
1973 • 127 citations
Systemic administration of ghrelin increases extracellular dopamine in the shell but not the core subdivision of the nucleus accumbens
2008 • 125 citations
A neural systems analysis of the potentiation of feeding by conditioned stimuli
2005 • 123 citations
Gustatory responses in the hypothalamus
1970 • 120 citations
Interactions between CB1 cannabinoid and μ opioid receptors mediating inhibition of neurotransmitter release in rat nucleus accumbens core
2006 • 119 citations
Intracranial self-stimulation in relation to the ascending noradrenergic fiber systems of the pontine tegmentum and caudal midbrain: A moveable electrode mapping study
1979 • 118 citations
Neurochemical correlates of brain-stimulation reward measured by ex vivo and in vivo analyses
1989 • 117 citations
mGluR5 Antagonism Attenuates Methamphetamine Reinforcement and Prevents Reinstatement of Methamphetamine-Seeking Behavior in Rats
2008 • 117 citations
Impairment of reward-related learning by cholinergic cell ablation in the striatum
2003 • 115 citations
Augmentation of cocaine hyperactivity in rats by systemic ghrelin
2004 • 114 citations
The irreversible gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase inhibitor gamma-vinyl-GABA blocks cocaine self-administration in rats.
1999 • 114 citations
Selective Reward Deficit in Mice Lacking β-Endorphin and Enkephalin
2002 • 112 citations
The role of CB1 receptors in sweet versus fat reinforcement: effect of CB1 receptor deletion, CB1 receptor antagonism (SR141716A) and CB1 receptor agonism (CP-55940)
2005 • 111 citations
Nicotine's effect on hypothalamic neurotransmitters and appetite regulation
1999 • 111 citations
A microdialysis study of nucleus accumbens core and shell dopamine during operant responding in the rat
1998 • 108 citations
A comparison of benzodiazepine, serotonin, and dopamine agents in the taste-reactivity paradigm
1990 • 108 citations
Effects of nicotine on the threshold for rewarding brain stimulation in rats
1992 • 107 citations
Acetylcholine Release in Ventral Tegmental Area by Hypothalamic Self-Stimulation, Eating, and Drinking
2000 • 106 citations
Insulin acts at different CNS sites to decrease acute sucrose intake and sucrose self-administration in rats
2008 • 105 citations
Centrally administered orexin A increases motivation for sweet pellets in rats
2005 • 105 citations
Stimulation of food intake following opioid microinjection into the nucleus accumbens septi in rats
1986 • 103 citations
Reward and reinforcement produced by drinking sucrose: Two processes that may depend on different neurotransmitters
1995 • 102 citations
Naloxone suppresses intake of highly preferred saccharin solutions in food deprived and sated rats
1983 • 97 citations
Postcocaine depression and sensitization of brain-stimulation reward: Analysis of reinforcement and performance effects
1990 • 97 citations
Lower pleasantness of palatable foods in nalmefene-treated human volunteers
1991 • 95 citations
Potency of naloxone's anorectic effect in rats is dependent on diet preference
1996 • 94 citations
Effects of the CRH Receptor Antagonist CP-154,526 on Intravenous Cocaine Self-administration in Rats
2000 • 94 citations
Nucleus Accumbens Acetylcholine Regulates Appetitive Learning and Motivation for Food via Activation of Muscarinic Receptors.
2004 • 93 citations
Reinforcement Value of Gustatory Stimuli Determined by Progressive Ratio Performance
1999 • 93 citations
Inhibition and disinhibition of self-stimulation and feeding: Hypothalamic control and postingestional factors.
1968 • 92 citations
C 16: Is Interruption of the Nigro-Striatal Dopamine System Producing the “Lateral Hypothalamus Syndrome”?
1970 • 92 citations
Characteristics of responses of lateral hypothalamic neurons to stimulation of the olfactory system
1972 • 92 citations
Paraventricular opioids alter intake of high-fat but not high-sucrose diet depending on diet preference in a binge model of feeding
2007 • 91 citations
Withdrawal from free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet induces craving only in obesity-prone animals
2009 • 91 citations
Body weight regulation with a proportional hoarding response in the rat
1980 • 90 citations
Satiation effects in self-stimulation of the brain.
1958 • 90 citations
Cocaine: Acute effects of reinforcement thresholds for self-stimulation behavior to the medial forebrain bundle
1978 • 90 citations
Naloxone effects on sucrose-motivated behavior
1996 • 90 citations
The GABAB agonist CGP 44532 decreases cocaine self-administration in rats: demonstration using a progressive ratio and a discrete trials procedure
1999 • 88 citations
The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A reduces appetitive and consummatory responses for food
2004 • 87 citations
Neuropeptide Y: Intraaccumbens injections produce a place preference that is blocked by cis-flupenthixol
1993 • 87 citations
Effects of neuropeptide Y, insulin, 2-deoxyglucose, and food deprivation on food-motivated behavior
1995 • 85 citations
Effects of electrical stimulation of brain reward sites on release of dopamine in rat: An in vivo electrochemical study
1988 • 83 citations
Effects of oil intake in the conditioned place preference test in mice
2000 • 83 citations
Bromocriptine Administration Reduces Hyperphagia and Adiposity and Differentially Affects Dopamine D2 Receptor and Transporter Binding in Leptin-Receptor-Deficient Zucker Rats and Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity
2008 • 82 citations
Excitability properties of medial forebrain bundle axons of A9 and A10 dopamine cells
1988 • 82 citations
Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Depletions and Time-Constrained Progressive Ratio Performance
1999 • 82 citations
Influence of the amount of food ingested on mesolimbic dopaminergic system activity: A microdialysis study
1996 • 81 citations
Regional, metabolic, and circadian specificity of lateral hypothalamic orexin A feeding stimulation
2003 • 81 citations
Changes in Medial Prefrontal Cortical Dopamine Levels Associated with Response-Contingent Food Reward: An Electrochemical Study in Rat
1998 • 81 citations
Activation of dopamine D1‐like receptors in nucleus accumbens is critical for the acquisition, but not the expression, of nutrient‐conditioned flavor preferences in rats
2008 • 80 citations
On the neural computation of utility: implications from studies of brain stimulation reward
1999 • 79 citations
Chronic food restriction and weight loss produce opioid facilitation of perifornical hypothalamic self-stimulation
1993 • 78 citations
Nucleus accumbens dopamine-CCK interactions in psychostimulant reward and related behaviors
1994 • 77 citations
Mesolimbic dopamine neurotransmission is increased by administration of μ-opioid receptor antagonists
1993 • 76 citations
Psychobiology of food preferences
2001 • 76 citations
Dysregulation of the Mesolimbic Dopamine System and Reward in MCH−/− Mice
2008 • 76 citations
Viral restoration of dopamine signaling to the dorsal striatum restores instrumental conditioning to dopamine-deficient mice
2006 • 74 citations
A topographical analysis of the origin of some efferent projections from the lateral hypothalamic area in the rat
1987 • 72 citations
Chronic Blockade or Constitutive Deletion of the Serotonin Transporter Reduces Operant Responding for Food Reward
2007 • 71 citations
D1 but not D2 dopamine receptor antagonism blocks the acquisition of a flavor preference conditioned by intragastric carbohydrate infusions
2001 • 71 citations
Obesity by choice: the powerful influence of nutrient availability on nutrient intake
2002 • 70 citations
A comparison of the effects of corticotropin releasing factor and sauvagine on food intake
1983 • 69 citations
Individual differences in sucrose consumption in the rat: motivational and neurochemical correlates of hedonia
2001 • 69 citations
ΔFosB-Mediated Alterations in Dopamine Signaling Are Normalized by a Palatable High-Fat Diet
2008 • 66 citations
Suppression by the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant, of the reinforcing and motivational properties of a chocolate-flavoured beverage in rats
2008 • 66 citations
Involvement of neurohypophyseal peptides in drug-mediated adaptive responses
1980 • 66 citations
Two substrates for medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation: Myelinated axons and dopamine axons
1989 • 65 citations
The melanocortin receptor MCR4 controls fat consumption
2003 • 63 citations
Naloxone's effects on operant responding depend upon level of deprivation
1994 • 63 citations
Competition and summation between rewarding effects of sucrose and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat.
1994 • 63 citations
Brain neurotensin, psychostimulants, and stress – emphasis on neuroanatomical substrates
2006 • 62 citations
Nicotine as a psychoactive drug: appetite regulation.
1986 • 59 citations
Effect of pretreatment with amphetamine on the interaction between amphetamine and dopamine neurons in the nucleus accumbens
1989 • 58 citations
Curve-shift analysis of self-stimulation in food-restricted rats: relationship between daily meal, plasma corticosterone and reward sensitization
1995 • 58 citations
Role of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Nicotine Reinforcement: Potential Pharmacotherapies for Smoking Cessation
2004 • 58 citations
Injection of CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) peptide into the nucleus accumbens reduces cocaine self-administration in rats
2008 • 57 citations
Decreased Vesicular Somatodendritic Dopamine Stores in Leptin-Deficient Mice
2007 • 56 citations
Effects of baclofen on operant performance for food pellets and vegetable shortening after a history of binge-type behavior in non-food deprived rats
2006 • 55 citations
Cholecystokinin combined with serotonin in the hypothalamus limits accumbens dopamine release while increasing acetylcholine: a possible satiation mechanism
2003 • 55 citations
Brain reward circuitry and the regulation of energy balance
2001 • 54 citations
Involvement of dopamine and opioids in the motivation to eat: influence of palatability, homeostatic state, and behavioral paradigms
2008 • 54 citations
Relative Effects of Nutritional Deficit and Deprivation Period on Rate of Electrical Self-stimulation of Lateral Hypothalamus
1968 • 53 citations
Peptide YY3-36 Decreases Reinstatement of High-Fat Food Seeking during Dieting in a Rat Relapse Model
2007 • 53 citations
The taste of sugars
2008 • 52 citations
Striatal dopamine release is altered by glucose and insulin during push-pull perfusion of the rat's caudate nucleus
1979 • 52 citations
Activation of 5-HT1B receptors in the nucleus accumbens reduces self-administration of amphetamine on a progressive ratio schedule
2002 • 52 citations
The reinforcement mountain: Allocation of behavior as a function of the rate and intensity of rewarding brain stimulation.
2008 • 52 citations
Opioid-neuroleptic interaction in brainstem self-stimulation
1989 • 52 citations
Cholinergic Modulation of Appetite-Related Synapses in Mouse Lateral Hypothalamic Slice
2005 • 51 citations
Food versus intracranial self-stimulation reinforcement in food-deprived rats.
1965 • 51 citations
Dopamine and conditioned reinforcement
1991 • 50 citations
A lateral hypothalamic D1 dopaminergic mechanism in conditioned taste aversion
1996 • 50 citations
The melanocortin antagonist AgRP (83–132) increases appetitive responding for a fat, but not a carbohydrate, reinforcer
2007 • 50 citations
Hypoinsulinemia may mediate the lowering of self-stimulation thresholds by food restriction and streptozotocin-induced diabetes
2000 • 50 citations
Aversion to lateral hypothalamic stimulation caused by intragastric feeding or obesity.
1969 • 49 citations
Disruption of Operant Oral Self‐Administration of Ethanol, Sucrose, and Saccharin by the AMP/Kainate Antagonist, NBQX, but Not the AMPA Antagonist, GYKI 52466
1999 • 49 citations
The role of multiple opioid receptors in the potentiation of reward by food restriction
1994 • 49 citations
Dopamine transporter mRNA is increased in the CNS of Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats
1998 • 49 citations
Rats eating and hoarding as a function of body weight and cost of foraging
1989 • 47 citations
Eating Elicited by Orexin-A, But Not Melanin-Concentrating Hormone, Is Opioid Mediated
2002 • 47 citations
Competition and summation between rewarding effects of sucrose and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat.
1994 • 47 citations
Differential involvement of endogenous opioids in sucrose consumption and food reinforcement
2006 • 47 citations
Effects of reinforcer sweetness and the D2/D3 antagonist raclopride on progressive ratio operant performance
1995 • 44 citations
Striatal muscarinic receptor antagonism reduces 24‐h food intake in association with decreased preproenkephalin gene expression
2005 • 43 citations
Increased ipsilateral expression of Fos following lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation
1996 • 43 citations
Effects of sodium depletion on competition and summation between rewarding effects of salt and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat.
1994 • 43 citations
The effect of naloxone on food-motivated behavior in the obese Zucker rat
1999 • 42 citations
Neurotensin, substance P, neurokinin-α, and enkephalin: injection into ventral tegmental area in the rat produces differential effects on operant responding
1989 • 42 citations
Effects of mesocortical dopaminergic lesions upon subcortical dopaminergic function.
1988 • 40 citations
Schedule Control of Behavior Reinforced by Electrical Stimulation of the Brain
1977 • 40 citations
PI3K signaling supports amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux
2008 • 40 citations
Effects of baclofen on conditioned rewarding and discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in rats
2008 • 39 citations
Food restriction and leptin impact brain reward circuitry in lean and obese Zucker rats
2004 • 39 citations
Deprivation alters rats' flavor preferences for carbohydrates and fats
1993 • 39 citations
Fos expression following self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex
2000 • 39 citations
Ventral tegmental injections of morphine but not U-50,488H enhance feeding in food-deprived rats
1993 • 38 citations
Respective roles of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in food-seeking behaviour in rats
2003 • 38 citations
Effects of rimonabant on behavior maintained by progressive ratio schedules of sucrose reinforcement in obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats
2008 • 38 citations
Colocalization of CART peptide with prodynorphin and dopamine D1 receptors in the rat nucleus accumbens
2006 • 37 citations
Differential effects of two cannabinoid receptor agonists on progressive ratio responding for food and free-feeding in rats
2005 • 37 citations
Specificity of brain stimulation reward in the rat.
1971 • 37 citations
Roles of μ-Opioid Receptors in GABAergic Synaptic Transmission in the Striosome and Matrix Compartments of the Striatum
2008 • 37 citations
Neuropeptide Y-induced operant responding for sucrose is not mediated by dopamine
1998 • 36 citations
Toward a cellular analysis of intracranial self-stimulation: Contributions of collision studies
1989 • 36 citations
Effects of sodium depletion on competition and summation between rewarding effects of salt and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat.
1994 • 35 citations
Nucleus accumbens acetylcholine and food intake: Decreased muscarinic tone reduces feeding but not food-seeking
2008 • 34 citations
Accumbens cholinergic interneurons play a role in the regulation of body weight and metabolism
2000 • 34 citations
Food motivated behavior of melanocortin-4 receptor knockout mice under a progressive ratio schedule
2006 • 34 citations
Chronic systemic administration of amphetamine increases food intake to morphine, but not to U50-488H, microinjected into the ventral tegmental area in rats
1990 • 33 citations
Central administration of corticotropin releasing factor in the pig: Effects on operant feeding, drinking and plasma cortisol
1990 • 32 citations
Hunger and extinction in intracranial self-stimulation.
1967 • 32 citations
The discovery of self-stimulation and other stories
1989 • 32 citations
Role of cholecystokinin in the motivational control of instrumental action in rats.
1994 • 31 citations
Economic Choice Theory
1995 • 30 citations
Role of cholecystokinin in the motivational control of instrumental action in rats.
1994 • 29 citations
Injection of oxotremorine in nucleus accumbens shell reduces cocaine but not food self-administration in rats
2006 • 29 citations
The effect of naloxone on operant behavior for food reinforcers in DBA/2 mice
2001 • 29 citations
Behavioral and pharmacological specificity of the feeding elicited by cholinergic stimulation of the substantia nigra in the rat.
1983 • 28 citations
Central mediation of naloxone-induced anorexia in the ventral tegmental area.
1989 • 26 citations
The contribution of endogenous opioids to food reward is dependent on sex and background strain
2006 • 26 citations
Systemic and intraventricular naloxone administration: Effects on food and water intake
1981 • 26 citations
Palatability of Food and the Ponderostat
1989 • 24 citations
Central mediation of naloxone-induced anorexia in the ventral tegmental area.
1989 • 24 citations
Behavioral and pharmacological specificity of the feeding elicited by cholinergic stimulation of the substantia nigra in the rat.
1983 • 24 citations
A search for the metabolic signal that sensitizes lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation in food-restricted rats
1998 • 24 citations
Dopamine D2 receptors contribute to increased avidity for sucrose in obese rats lacking CCK-1 receptors
2007 • 23 citations
Effects of corticosteroid synthesis inhibitors on the sensitization of reward by food restriction
1996 • 22 citations
Central monoamine dysfunction in diabetes: psychotherapeutic implications: electroanalysis by voltammetry.
1989 • 22 citations
Effects of central leptin infusion on the reward-potentiating effect of d-amphetamine
2006 • 21 citations
Potentiation of brain stimulation reward by weight loss: Evidence for functional heterogeneity in brain reward circuitry
2006 • 19 citations
Differential effects of postingestive feedback on the reward value of sucrose and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in rats.
1994 • 19 citations
Orosensory Considerations
2006 • 17 citations
Parameters of intracranial self-administration of cocaine into the medial prefrontal cortex.
1984 • 17 citations
Disruption of Operant Oral Self-Administration of Ethanol, Sucrose, and Saccharin by the AMPA/Kainate Antagonist, NBQX, but Not the AMPA Antagonist, GYKI 52466
1999 • 17 citations
Streptozotocin-induced diabetes produces a naltrexone-reversible lowering of self-stimulation threshold
1994 • 17 citations
Interaction of CRH and energy balance in the modulation of brain stimulation reward.
2002 • 16 citations
The neurotensin receptor agonist NT69L suppresses sucrose-reinforced operant behavior in the rat
2006 • 15 citations
Does neuropeptide Y contribute to the modulation of brain stimulation reward by chronic food restriction?
2002 • 15 citations
Naloxone suppression of food and water intake in deprived rats.
1978 • 15 citations
Differential effects of postingestive feedback on the reward value of sucrose and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in rats.
1994 • 13 citations
Changes in food-maintained progressive-ratio responding of rats following chronic buprenorphine or methadone administration
1994 • 13 citations
Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), tuftsin and dermorphin on behavior of squirrel monkeys maintained by different events
1989 • 13 citations
Positive alliesthesia after insulin
1979 • 12 citations
Modifications of sensory modality codes by stimuli of graded intensity in the cat thalamus
1970 • 11 citations
A Behavioral Economic Analysis of Fat Appetite in Rats
1998 • 10 citations
[Effects of neuropeptide Y].
1993 • 9 citations
Tyrosine pretreatment alleviates suppression of schedule-controlled responding produced by corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in rats
1992 • 9 citations
The food-hoarding threshold is not raised by acute intraventricular NPY in male rats
1997 • 9 citations
Effects of repeated administration of corticotropin-releasing factor on schedule-controlled behavior in rats
1993 • 8 citations
Behavioral effects of neurotensin: operant responding and assessment of ‘anhedonia’
1989 • 5 citations
Sugar solutions taste better (positive alliesthesia) after insulin [proceedings].
1978 • 3 citations