Targeting of non-lg sequences in place of the V segment by somatic hyper mutation

[1] Preparation of monoclonal antibodies: Strategies and procedures

1981 • 1,787 citations

Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres

1991 • 1,083 citations

Maturation of the immune response in germinal centers

1991 • 904 citations

Tracing B cell development in human germinal centres by molecular analysis of single cells picked from histological sections.

1993 • 691 citations

Analysis of somatic mutation in five B cell subsets of human tonsil.

1994 • 667 citations

Mutation Drift and Repertoire Shift in the Maturation of the Immune Response

1987 • 635 citations

Somatic mutation and the maturation of immune response to 2-phenyl oxazolone

1984 • 534 citations

Somatic hypermutagenesis in immunoglobulin genes

1992 • 458 citations

Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin κ gene: Critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment region

1994 • 382 citations

Boundaries of somatic mutation in rearranged immunoglobulin genes: 5' boundary is near the promoter, and 3' boundary is approximately 1 kb from V(D)J gene.

1990 • 318 citations

Altered nucleotide sequences of a translocated c-myc gene in Burkitt lymphoma

1983 • 286 citations

Cyclic re-entry of germinal center B cells and the efficiency of affinity maturation

1993 • 283 citations

Passenger transgenes reveal intrinsic specificity of the antibody hypermutation mechanism: clustering, polarity, and specific hot spots.

1993 • 271 citations

Somatic hypermutation

1995 • 248 citations

Clusters of point mutations are found exclusively around rearranged antibody variable genes.

1983 • 233 citations

Discriminating intrinsic and actigen-selected mutational hotspots in immunoglobulin V genes

1993 • 222 citations

Maturation and Dispersal of B‐Cell Clones during T Cell‐Dependent Antibody Responses

1992 • 206 citations

Stepwise intraclonal maturation of antibody affinity through somatic hypermutation.

1988 • 160 citations

Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin kappa may depend on sequences 3′ of C kappa and occurs on passenger transgenes.

1991 • 132 citations

Distribution of Mutations around Rearranged Heavy-Chain Antibody Variable-Region Genes

1990 • 129 citations

Somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin transgene in K transgenic mice

1987 • 110 citations

Analysis of somatic hypermutation in mouse Peyer's patches using immunoglobulin kappa light-chain transgenes.

1993 • 108 citations

Low cytoplasmic mRNA levels of immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes containing nonsense codons correlate with inefficient splicing.

1994 • 97 citations

Distribution of mutations around rearranged heavy-chain antibody variable-region genes.

1990 • 93 citations

The 5′ boundary of somatic hypermutation in a Vχ gene is in the leader intron

1994 • 86 citations

Mutations of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase transgene driven by the immunoglobulin promoter and intron enhancer

1993 • 77 citations

Somatic hypermutation in V-regions.

1991 • 75 citations

Position of the rearranged V kappa and its 5' flanking sequences determines the location of somatic mutations in the J kappa locus.

1991 • 74 citations

Somatic mutation of immunoglobulin lambda chains: a segment of the major intron hypermutates as much as the complementarity-determining regions.

1994 • 69 citations

Somatic hypermutation in 5′ flanking regions of heavy chain antibody variable regions

1993 • 69 citations

Mutation pattern of immunoglobulin transgenes is compatible with a model of somatic hypermutation in which targeting of the mutator is linked to the direction of DNA replication.

1991 • 69 citations

‘Sticky feet’-directed mutagenesis and its application to swapping antibody domains

1989 • 61 citations

Somatic mutation in constant regions of mouse lambda 1 light chains.

1991 • 55 citations

Affinity maturation leads to differential expression of multiple copies of a κ light-chain transgene

1993 • 43 citations

Mutation in a reporter gene depends on proximity to and transcription of immunoglobulin variable transgenes.

1991 • 39 citations

Defining the nucleic acid substrate for somatic hypermutation

1992 • 38 citations

Analysis of a T cell receptor gene as a target of the somatic hypermutation mechanism.

1992 • 34 citations

Cellular selection leads to age-dependent and reversible down-regulation of transgenic immunoglobulin light chain genes

1989 • 33 citations

Mutations in Ig V(D)J genes are distributed asymmetrically and independently of the position of V(D)J.

1994 • 27 citations

A Reporter Gene to Analyse the Hypermutation of Immunoglobulin Genes

1995 • 13 citations