Toll-like receptors: cellular signal transducers for exogenous molecular patterns causing immune responses

Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene

1998 • 7,541 citations

A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA

2000 • 6,348 citations

A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity

1997 • 5,522 citations

NF-κB AND REL PROTEINS: Evolutionarily Conserved Mediators of Immune Responses

1998 • 5,178 citations

Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades

2001 • 5,041 citations

CD14, a Receptor for Complexes of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS Binding Protein

1990 • 4,041 citations

Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications

1972 • 3,772 citations

CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation

1995 • 3,543 citations

The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5

2001 • 3,507 citations

Differential Roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in Recognition of Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Wall Components

1999 • 3,351 citations

Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response

2000 • 3,052 citations

NF-κB: Ten Years After

1996 • 3,008 citations

Innate Immunity: The Virtues of a Nonclonal System of Recognition

1997 • 2,397 citations

LPS induction of gene expression in human monocytes

2001 • 2,276 citations

MD-2, a Molecule that Confers Lipopolysaccharide Responsiveness on Toll-like Receptor 4

1999 • 2,188 citations

The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between Toll-like receptors

2000 • 2,076 citations

Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications.

1972 • 1,888 citations

A family of human receptors structurally related to Drosophila Toll

1998 • 1,735 citations

Peptidoglycan- and Lipoteichoic Acid-induced Cell Activation Is Mediated by Toll-like Receptor 2

1999 • 1,714 citations

Structure and Function of Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein

1990 • 1,689 citations

Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus

2000 • 1,644 citations

Cutting Edge: Heat Shock Protein 60 Is a Putative Endogenous Ligand of the Toll-Like Receptor-4 Complex

2000 • 1,632 citations

Endotoxin-tolerant Mice Have Mutations in Toll-like Receptor 4 (Tlr4)

1999 • 1,570 citations

Signal transduction by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) — from inflammation to development

1998 • 1,551 citations

Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition

2001 • 1,498 citations

Receptor-Dependent Mechanisms of Cell Stimulation by Bacterial Endotoxin

1995 • 1,436 citations

The Toll-like receptor 2 is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates between pathogens

1999 • 1,381 citations

Cutting Edge: Recognition of Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Wall Components by the Innate Immune System Occurs Via Toll-Like Receptor 2

1999 • 1,252 citations

Differential Alteration in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2000 • 1,246 citations

Saturated Fatty Acids, but Not Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Induce the Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 Mediated through Toll-like Receptor 4

2001 • 1,241 citations

Toll-like receptor-2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular signalling

1998 • 1,218 citations

The leucine-rich repeat: a versatile binding motif

1994 • 1,209 citations

The Extra Domain A of Fibronectin Activates Toll-like Receptor 4

2001 • 1,200 citations

Identification and Characterization of an IκB Kinase

1997 • 1,166 citations

MyD88: An Adapter That Recruits IRAK to the IL-1 Receptor Complex

1997 • 1,104 citations

Cutting Edge: TLR2-Deficient and MyD88-Deficient Mice Are Highly Susceptible toStaphylococcus aureusInfection

2000 • 1,046 citations

A novel family of putative signal transducers associated with the cytoplasmic domain of the 75 kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor

1994 • 1,043 citations

IRAK: A Kinase Associated with the Interleukin-1 Receptor

1996 • 894 citations

A CONSERVED SIGNALING PATHWAY: The Drosophila Toll-Dorsal Pathway

1996 • 822 citations

Human Toll-Like Receptors Mediate Cellular Activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

1999 • 813 citations

Endocytosed HSP60s Use Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 to Activate the Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Signaling Pathway in Innate Immune Cells

2001 • 800 citations

Structural basis for signal transduction by the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domains

2000 • 789 citations

Human Toll-like Receptor 2 Confers Responsiveness to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

1998 • 778 citations

Resistance to Endotoxin Shock and Reduced Dissemination of Gram-Negative Bacteria in CD14-Deficient Mice

1996 • 760 citations

Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide activates cells through a TLR2-dependent mechanism

2001 • 730 citations

Induction of Direct Antimicrobial Activity Through Mammalian Toll-Like Receptors

2001 • 709 citations

Signaling by Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 4 Agonists Results in Differential Gene Expression in Murine Macrophages

2001 • 669 citations

Toll-like receptor 2–mediated NF-κB activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway

2000 • 663 citations

Lipopolysaccharide Is in Close Proximity to Each of the Proteins in Its Membrane Receptor Complex

2001 • 652 citations

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Activates Nuclear Factor-κB through Interleukin-1 Signaling Mediators in Cultured Human Dermal Endothelial Cells and Mononuclear Phagocytes

1999 • 610 citations

Activation of Toll-Like Receptor-2 by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors from a Protozoan Parasite

2001 • 593 citations

The Human Toll Signaling Pathway: Divergence of Nuclear Factor κB and JNK/SAPK Activation Upstream of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–associated Factor 6 (TRAF6)

1998 • 581 citations

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated kinase cascades: Bifurcation of Nuclear Factor-κB and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK) pathways at TNF receptor-associated factor 2

1997 • 552 citations

Human Nod1 Confers Responsiveness to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides

2001 • 534 citations

The smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur

2000 • 530 citations

Gram‐negative endotoxin: an extraordinary lipid with profound effects on eukaryotic signal transduction ¹

1991 • 519 citations

Structural diversity of leucine-rich repeat proteins 1 1Edited by F. Cohen

1998 • 507 citations

The apoptotic signaling pathway activated by Toll-like receptor-2

2000 • 487 citations

Immune Cell Activation by Bacterial Cpg-DNA through Myeloid Differentiation Marker 88 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Factor (Traf)6

2000 • 472 citations

Bacterial Endotoxin: Chemical Constitution, Biological Recognition, Host Response, and Immunological Detoxification

1996 • 467 citations

Structure–Function Relationship of Cytokine Induction by Lipoteichoic Acid fromStaphylococcus aureus

2001 • 465 citations

Maturation of Human Dendritic Cells by Cell Wall Skeleton ofMycobacterium bovisBacillus Calmette-Guérin: Involvement of Toll-Like Receptors

2000 • 405 citations

The IL-1 receptor/toll-like receptor superfamily: crucial receptors for inflammation and host defense

2000 • 396 citations

Identification of hTLR10: a novel human Toll-like receptor preferentially expressed in immune cells

2001 • 388 citations

Toll-related receptors and the control of antimicrobial peptide expression inDrosophila

2000 • 380 citations

The cell wall components peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus act in synergy to cause shock and multiple organ failure.

1995 • 355 citations

Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein is required to combat a murine Gram-negative bacterial infection

1997 • 354 citations

Toll-Like Receptor 4, But Not Toll-Like Receptor 2, Is a Signaling Receptor forEscherichiaandSalmonellaLipopolysaccharides

2000 • 352 citations

LPS-binding protein protects mice from septic shock caused by LPS or gram-negative bacteria.

1998 • 346 citations

Requirement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Factor (Traf)6 in Interleukin 17 Signal Transduction

2000 • 342 citations

Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates Intracellular Signaling Without TNF-α Release in Response to Cryptococcus neoformans Polysaccharide Capsule

2001 • 308 citations

The Toll-like Receptor Protein Rp105 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide Signaling in B Cells

2000 • 302 citations

Detoxification of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (Endotoxins) by a Human Neutrophil Enzyme

1986 • 278 citations

Evidence for an Accessory Protein Function for Toll-Like Receptor 1 in Anti-Bacterial Responses

2000 • 273 citations

Role of TLR-2 in the Activation of Nuclear Factor κB by Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Myocytes

2001 • 269 citations

Cutting Edge: Cells That Carry A Null Allele for Toll-Like Receptor 2 Are Capable of Responding to Endotoxin

1999 • 236 citations

Toll-like Receptor-2 Mediates Treponema Glycolipid and Lipoteichoic Acid-induced NF-κB Translocation

2001 • 233 citations

Involvement of CD14 and Toll-Like Receptors in Activation of Human Monocytes byAspergillus fumigatusHyphae

2001 • 227 citations

Cloning and Characterization of Two Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor–Like Genes TIL3 and TIL4: Evidence for a Multi-Gene Receptor Family in Humans

1998 • 222 citations

T1/ST2 Signaling Establishes It as a Member of an Expanding Interleukin-1 Receptor Family

1996 • 212 citations

MD-2 Enables Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2)-Mediated Responses to Lipopolysaccharide and Enhances TLR2-Mediated Responses to Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria and Their Cell Wall Components

2001 • 209 citations

Cloning of the cDNA of a Human Neutrophil Bactericidal Protein

1989 • 203 citations

Heat shock protein 90 mediates macrophage activation by Taxol and bacterial lipopolysaccharide

1999 • 202 citations

RETRACTED: DNA-PKcs Is Required for Activation of Innate Immunity by Immunostimulatory DNA

2000 • 180 citations

Infectious Agents Are Not Necessary for Murine Atherogenesis

2000 • 178 citations

Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 on γδ T Cells Bearing Invariant Vγ6/Vδ1 Induced byEscherichia coliInfection in Mice

2000 • 150 citations

NF-κB and STAT5 Play Important Roles in the Regulation of Mouse Toll-Like Receptor 2 Gene Expression

2001 • 134 citations

Listeriosis in p47phox−/− and TRp55−/− Mice: Protection Despite Absence of ROI and Susceptibility Despite Presence of RNI

1997 • 130 citations

A Novel Synthetic Acyclic Lipid A-like Agonist Activates Cells via the Lipopolysaccharide/Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway

2001 • 84 citations

Neutrophil Activation by Bacterial Lipoprotein Versus Lipopolysaccharide: Differential Requirements for Serum and CD14

2000 • 79 citations

Innate Immune Recognition of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide: Dependence on Interactions with Membrane Lipids and Endocytic Movement

1998 • 78 citations

Synthetic lipopeptides as novel adjuvants

1992 • 74 citations

Expression of MHC class II molecules contributes to lipopolysaccharide responsiveness

2000 • 63 citations

Genes, Receptors, Signals and Responses to Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxin

2000 • 51 citations

Identification of the 80-kDa LPS-binding protein (LMP80) as decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55)

1999 • 40 citations

Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering Analysis of Pneumococcal Lipoteichoic Acid Phase Structure

1997 • 26 citations

Fly Development Genes Lead to Immune Find

1998 • 24 citations