Nutritional and metabolic support in the adult intensive care unit: Key controversies

Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients

2001 • 9,943 citations

Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human Activated Protein C for Severe Sepsis

2001 • 5,900 citations

Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients

2003 • 1,500 citations

Outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill: Insulin dose versus glycemic control*

2003 • 1,473 citations

Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus

1997 • 1,297 citations

Continuous intravenous insulin infusion reduces the incidence of deep sternal wound infection in diabetic patients after cardiac surgical procedures

1999 • 1,273 citations

Effect of an Intensive Glucose Management Protocol on the Mortality of Critically Ill Adult Patients

2004 • 1,251 citations

Perioperative Total Parenteral Nutrition in Surgical Patients

1991 • 1,201 citations

Association Between Hyperglycemia and Increased Hospital Mortality in a Heterogeneous Population of Critically Ill Patients

2003 • 1,151 citations

Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia

2001 • 1,138 citations

Glucose Control and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients

2003 • 1,065 citations

Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on mortality and morbidity

2005 • 1,058 citations

Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: A systematic review

2001 • 943 citations

Should Immunonutrition Become Routine in Critically Ill Patients?

2001 • 915 citations

Early Postoperative Glucose Control Predicts Nosocomial Infection Rate in Diabetic Patients

1998 • 708 citations

Effect of Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion on Mortality in Patients With Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

2005 • 637 citations

Early enteral administration of a formula (Impact Registered Trademark) supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and fish oil in intensive care unit patients

1995 • 601 citations

Intensive Insulin Therapy Exerts Antiinflammatory Effects in Critically Ill Patients and Counteracts the Adverse Effect of Low Mannose-Binding Lectin Levels

2003 • 504 citations

Immunonutrition in the critically ill: A systematic review of clinical outcome

1999 • 500 citations

Enteral Nutritional Supplementation With Key Nutrients in Patients With Critical Illness and Cancer

1999 • 499 citations

Dietary linoleic acid influences desaturation and acylation of deuterium-labeled linoleic and linolenic acids in young adult males

1994 • 492 citations

Parenteral vs. enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: a meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle

2004 • 443 citations

Immune and Metabolic Effects of Arginine in the Surgical Patient

1988 • 436 citations

Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients Before and After the Implementation of an Evidence-Based Nutritional Management Protocol

2004 • 424 citations

An immune-enhancing enteral diet reduces mortality rate and episodes of bacteremia in septic intensive care unit patients

2000 • 412 citations

A Randomized Trial of Isonitrogenous Enteral Diets After Severe Trauma

1996 • 387 citations

Multicentre, cluster-randomized clinical trial of algorithms for critical-care enteral and parenteral therapy (ACCEPT).

2004 • 377 citations

A metaanalysis of treatment outcomes of early enteral versus early parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients*

2005 • 356 citations

Resolvins, docosatrienes, and neuroprotectins, novel omega‐3‐derived mediators, and their endogenous aspirin‐triggered epimers

2004 • 343 citations

Early enteral immunonutrition in patients with severe sepsis

2003 • 325 citations

Arginine stimulates wound healing and immune function in elderly human beings.

1993 • 314 citations

CLINICAL BENEFITS OF AN IMMUNE-ENHANCING DIET FOR EARLY POSTINJURY ENTERAL FEEDING

1994 • 313 citations

Differential Effects of Three Enteral Dietary Regimens on Selected Outcome Variables in Burn Patients

1990 • 312 citations

Effects of insulin treatment on cause-specific one-year mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction

1996 • 289 citations

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial of enteral immunonutrition in the critically ill

1998 • 288 citations

Immunonutrition in the intensive care unit. A systematic review and consensus statement

2003 • 249 citations

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition: a pragmatic study

2001 • 231 citations

Insulin Treatment Improves the Systemic Inflammatory Reaction to Severe Trauma

2004 • 228 citations

Effect of altered dietaryn-3 fatty acid intake upon plasma lipid fatty acid composition, conversion of [¹³C]α-linolenic acid to longer-chain fatty acids and partitioning towards β-oxidation in older men

2003 • 228 citations

The efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for the treatment of patients with severe sepsis (vol 28, pg 48, 2000)

2001 • 220 citations

Validation of the Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients: Results of a prospective observational study*

2004 • 199 citations

Immune and nutritional effects of early enteral nutrition after major abdominal operations.

1996 • 187 citations

Arginine stimulates lymphocyte immune response in healthy human beings.

1981 • 187 citations

Influence of a Total Parenteral Nutrition Enriched with omega-3 Fatty Acids on Leukotriene Synthesis of Peripheral Leukocytes and Systemic Cytokine Levels in Patients with Major Surgery

1997 • 166 citations

Influence of arginine, omega-3 fatty acids and nucleotide-supplemented enteral support on systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure in patients after severe trauma

1998 • 148 citations

Immunonutrition: problematic or problem solving?

2003 • 139 citations

Randomized Trial of Immune-enhancing Enteral Nutrition in Burn Patients

1997 • 136 citations

Implementation of a Nutrition Support Protocol Increases the Proportion of Mechanically Ventilated Patients Reaching Enteral Nutrition Targets in the Adult Intensive Care Unit

2005 • 133 citations

Clinical outcome of immunonutrition in a heterogeneous intensive care population

2005 • 130 citations

Effect of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on the response of IL-6, TNF-α, and FFAs to low-dose endotoxemia in humans

2004 • 129 citations

Effects of an Immune-enhancing Diet in Critically Injured Patients

1997 • 128 citations

A prospective randomized trial of enteral glutamine in critical illness

2003 • 127 citations

The relationship between labour cost per patient and the size of intensive care units: a multicentre prospective study

2003 • 120 citations

Early Enteral Nutrition in Critically III Patients With a High‐Protein Diet Enriched with Arginine, Fiber, and Antioxidants Compared With a Standard High‐Protein Diet. The Effect on Nosocomial Infections and Outcome

2001 • 119 citations

Comparison of Specialized and Standard Enteral Formulas in Trauma Patients

1994 • 95 citations

Immunologic effects of marine- and plant-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in nonhuman primates

1996 • 79 citations

Hyperglycemia induced by glucose infusion causes hepatic oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, but not STAT3 or MAP kinase activation in liver in rats

2003 • 70 citations

POTASSIUM, GLUCOSE, AND INSULIN IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

1969 • 62 citations

A challenge to the metabolic approach to myocardial ischaemia

2005 • 52 citations

Reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and alte1red NGF-induced signaling in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells cultured in elevated glucose: AnIn Vitro cellular model for diabetic neuropathy

2001 • 46 citations

Hyperinsulinemia and oxidative stress

2002 • 40 citations

Essential fatty acids and their derivatives

2005 • 39 citations

Practical Recommendations for Immune-Enhancing Diets

2004 • 38 citations

Comparison of a immunonutrition formula enriched arginine, glutamine and omega-3 fatty acid, with a currently high-enriched enteral nutrition for trauma patients.

2003 • 35 citations

Clinical use of lipids to control inflammatory disease.

1998 • 29 citations

Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion as adjunctive therapy in myocardial infarction: current evidence and potential mechanisms.

2004 • 11 citations