The zinc/thiolate redox biochemistry of metallothionein and the control of zinc ion fluctuations in cell signaling

The biochemical basis of zinc physiology

1993 • 2,967 citations

Oxidized Redox State of Glutathione in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

1992 • 1,909 citations

The neurobiology of zinc in health and disease

2005 • 1,756 citations

Femtomolar Sensitivity of Metalloregulatory Proteins Controlling Zinc Homeostasis

2001 • 1,430 citations

A CADMIUM PROTEIN FROM EQUINE KIDNEY CORTEX

1957 • 1,295 citations

The Antioxidant Properties of Zinc

2000 • 1,264 citations

Possible role for metallothionein in protection against radiation-induced oxidative stress. Kinetics and mechanism of its reaction with superoxide and hydroxyl radicals

1985 • 1,042 citations

Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation

2006 • 1,034 citations

The physiological role of zinc as an antioxidant

1990 • 887 citations

Oxygen free radicals and metallothionein

1993 • 848 citations

Zinc transporters and the cellular trafficking of zinc

2006 • 821 citations

Superoxide in Apoptosis

1998 • 773 citations

Redox regulation of transcriptional activators

1996 • 690 citations

Mammalian Zinc Transport, Trafficking, and Signals

2006 • 688 citations

High-Affinity Zinc Inhibition of NMDA NR1–NR2A Receptors

1997 • 629 citations

Functions of zinc in signaling, proliferation and differentiation of mammalian cells.

2001 • 596 citations

Thiolate ligands in metallothionein confer redox activity on zinc clusters

1998 • 566 citations

A New Cell-Permeable Fluorescent Probe for Zn²⁺

2000 • 562 citations

ZINC AND THE RISK FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE

2004 • 475 citations

Control of zinc transfer between thionein, metallothionein, and zinc proteins

1998 • 463 citations

The Function of Zinc Metallothionein: A Link between Cellular Zinc and Redox State

2000 • 411 citations

Modulation of mitochondrial function by endogenous Zn ²⁺ pools

2003 • 403 citations

NUCLEAR AND MITOCHONDRIAL COMPARTMENTATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REDOX SIGNALING

2005 • 394 citations

Inhibitory sites in enzymes: Zinc removal and reactivation by thionein

1999 • 387 citations

Zinc-buffering capacity of a eukaryotic cell at physiological pZn

2006 • 385 citations

Induction of Neuronal Apoptosis by Thiol Oxidation

2000 • 376 citations

Glutathione redox potential in response to differentiation and enzyme inducers

1999 • 351 citations

Refined crystal structure of Cd, Zn metallothionein at 2·0 Å resolution

1991 • 340 citations

Oxidative metal release from metallothionein via zinc-thiol/disulfide interchange.

1994 • 334 citations

Three-dimensional structure of rabbit liver [Cd7]metallothionein-2a in aqueous solution determined by nuclear magnetic resonance

1988 • 304 citations

Zinc Coordination Environments in Proteins as Redox Sensors and Signal Transducers

2006 • 300 citations

Interleukin 6 regulates metallothionein gene expression and zinc metabolism in hepatocyte monolayer cultures.

1990 • 299 citations

The glutathione redox couple modulates zinc transfer from metallothionein to zinc-depleted sorbitol dehydrogenase

1998 • 291 citations

Zinc deficiency causes oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA in rat testes.

1995 • 282 citations

Cadmium-induced hepatic and renal injury in chronically exposed rats: Likely role of hepatic cadmium-metallothionein in nephrotoxicity

1985 • 277 citations

Nitric Oxide Destroys Zinc-Sulfur Clusters Inducing Zinc Release from Metallothionein and Inhibition of the Zinc Finger-Type Yeast Transcription Activator LAC9

1994 • 276 citations

Intracellular zinc fluctuations modulate protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling

2003 • 263 citations

Zinc and Sulfur: A Critical Biological Partnership

2004 • 255 citations

Dimerization of cotton fiber cellulose synthase catalytic subunits occurs via oxidation of the zinc-binding domains

2002 • 252 citations

Zinc metallothionein imported into liver mitochondria modulates respiration

2001 • 250 citations

Measuring Picomolar Intracellular Exchangeable Zinc in PC-12 Cells Using a Ratiometric Fluorescence Biosensor

2006 • 235 citations

Reactivation in vitro of zinc-requiring apo-enzymes by rat liver zinc-thionein

1980 • 230 citations

Metalloregulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53: zinc mediates the renaturation of p53 after exposure to metal chelators in vitro and in intact cells

2000 • 228 citations

Excitation-Transcription Coupling Mediated by Zinc Influx through Voltage-dependent Calcium Channels

1995 • 227 citations

Molecular Organization of a Zinc Binding N-Terminal Modulatory Domain in a NMDA Receptor Subunit

2000 • 215 citations

Nitric oxide-induced changes in intracellular zinc homeostasis are mediated by metallothionein/thionein

2002 • 214 citations

Keap1, the Sensor for Electrophiles and Oxidants that Regulates the Phase 2 Response, Is a Zinc Metalloprotein

2005 • 210 citations

Metallothionein Redox Cycle and Function

2006 • 206 citations

Zinc transfer from transcription factor IIIA fingers to thionein clusters.

1991 • 204 citations

Metallothionein

1979 • 204 citations

Cellular Zinc and Redox States Converge in the Metallothionein/Thionein Pair

2003 • 200 citations

Ligand substitution reactions of metallothioneins with EDTA and apo-carbonic anhydrase.

1980 • 190 citations

The Antioxidant Function of Metallothionein in the Heart

1999 • 184 citations

Thioredoxin and Lipoic Acid Catalyze the Denitrosation of Low Molecular Weight and ProteinS-Nitrosothiols

2005 • 169 citations

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases as Targets of the Combined Insulinomimetic Effects of Zinc and Oxidants

2005 • 165 citations

Metallothionein/disulfide interactions, oxidative stress, and the mobilization of cellular zinc

1995 • 160 citations

Regulation of zinc homeostasis by inducible NO synthase-derived NO: Nuclear metallothionein translocation and intranuclear Zn²⁺release

2003 • 157 citations

Flow cytometric measurement of labile zinc in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

2006 • 155 citations

Handbook of Metalloproteins

2002 • 153 citations

Intracellular free zinc and zinc buffering in human red blood cells

1991 • 151 citations

Redox State Changes in Density-Dependent Regulation of Proliferation

1997 • 146 citations

Activation of nuclear factor kappaB: potential role in metallothionein-mediated mitogenic response.

1998 • 142 citations

Evidence That Nitric Oxide Enhances Cadmium Toxicity by Displacing the Metal from Metallothionein

1996 • 138 citations

Structure of the p53 Core Domain Dimer Bound to DNA

2006 • 138 citations

Differential fluorescence labeling of cysteinyl clusters uncovers high tissue levels of thionein

2001 • 136 citations

Megalin mediates renal uptake of heavy metal metallothionein complexes

2004 • 135 citations

Selenium redox biochemistry of zinc–sulfur coordination sites in proteins and enzymes

1999 • 132 citations

Zinc deficiency-induced cell death

2005 • 130 citations

Different redox states of metallothionein/thionein in biological tissue

2007 • 127 citations

The structure of p53 tumour suppressor protein reveals the basis for its functional plasticity

2006 • 123 citations

Fluctuations of cellular, available zinc modulate insulin signaling via inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases

2005 • 120 citations

Reversible zinc exchange between metallothionein and the estrogen receptor zinc finger

1996 • 116 citations

Growth Inhibitory Factor Prevents Neurite Extension and the Death of Cortical Neurons Caused by High Oxygen Exposure through Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging

2002 • 116 citations

Zinc-specific Autometallographic In Vivo Selenium Methods: Tracing of Zinc-enriched (ZEN) Terminals, ZEN Pathways, and Pools of Zinc Ions in a Multitude of Other ZEN Cells

2005 • 113 citations

S-Nitrosothiols React Preferentially with Zinc Thiolate Clusters of Metallothionein III through Transnitrosation

2002 • 113 citations

Metallothionein transfers zinc to mitochondrial aconitase through a direct interaction in mouse hearts

2005 • 105 citations

hv1 is an evolutionarily conserved H2A variant that is preferentially associated with active genes.

1986 • 101 citations

Study of the interactions of cadmium and zinc ions with cellular calcium homoeostasis using 19F-NMR spectroscopy

1997 • 97 citations

Synaptically released zinc gates long-term potentiation in fear conditioning pathways

2006 • 97 citations

Metal Complexes of Phosphoglucomutase in Vivo

1971 • 96 citations

Metallothionein Disulfides Are Present in Metallothionein-overexpressing Transgenic Mouse Heart and Increase under Conditions of Oxidative Stress

2005 • 96 citations

Catalytic selenols couple the redox cycles of metallothionein and glutathione

2001 • 95 citations

Interaction of selenium compounds with zinc finger proteins involved in DNA repair

2004 • 95 citations

Modulation of DNA Binding of a Tramtrack Zinc Finger Peptide by the Metallothionein-Thionein Conjugate Pair

1998 • 93 citations

Studying zinc biology with fluorescence: ain’t we got fun?

2005 • 92 citations

Intracellular Zinc Movement and Its Effect on the Carbohydrate Metabolism of Isolated Rat Hepatocytes

1996 • 90 citations

May GSH and l-His contribute to intracellular binding of zinc? Thermodynamic and solution structural study of a ternary complex

2003 • 87 citations

Oxidant-induced mobilization of zinc from metallothionein

1992 • 87 citations

Interaction of metallothionein with tumor suppressor p53 protein

2006 • 84 citations

Dietary Compounds That Induce Cancer Preventive Phase 2 Enzymes Activate Apoptosis at Comparable Doses in HT29 Colon Carcinoma Cells

1999 • 84 citations

Metallothionein II

1987 • 83 citations

Basal metallothionein in tumors: Widespread presence of apoprotein

1994 • 82 citations

Selenium prevents diabetes-induced alterations in [Zn²⁺]_iand metallothionein level of rat heart via restoration of cell redox cycle

2005 • 80 citations

The cotton fiber zinc-binding domain of cellulose synthase A1 from Gossypium hirsutum displays rapid turnover in vitro and in vivo

2006 • 79 citations

Monitoring metal ion flux in reactions of metallothionein and drug‐modified metallothionein by electrospray mass spectrometry

1998 • 78 citations

Aldehydes release zinc from proteins. A pathway from oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation to cellular functions of zinc

2006 • 75 citations

Imbalance between pro-oxidant and pro-antioxidant functions of zinc in disease

2005 • 74 citations

Thionein can serve as a reducing agent for the methionine sulfoxide reductases

2006 • 74 citations

On the Competition for Available Zinc

2004 • 73 citations

Apoptosis by Cd²⁺ or CdMT in proximal tubule cells: different uptake routes and permissive role of endo/lysosomal CdMT uptake

2003 • 72 citations

Targeting of Metallothionein by L-Homocysteine

2006 • 71 citations

Structure of the Mammalian NOS Regulator Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase: A Basis for the Design of Specific Inhibitors

2006 • 65 citations

Zinc Transport and Metallothionein Secretion in the Intestinal Human Cell Line Caco-2

2000 • 60 citations

Metallothionein Mediates the Level and Activity of Nuclear Factor ΚB in Murine Fibroblasts

2004 • 60 citations

Nitric oxide-induced nuclear translocation of the metal responsive transcription factor, MTF-1 is mediated by zinc release from metallothionein

2006 • 56 citations

Cytotoxicity of Nitric Oxide Is Alleviated by Zinc-Mediated Expression of Antioxidant Genes

2006 • 56 citations

Nuclear trafficking of metallothionein requires oxidation of a cytosolic partner

2004 • 54 citations

Zn₇Metallothionein-3 and the Synaptic Vesicle Cycle: Interaction of Metallothionein-3 with the Small GTPase Rab3A

2005 • 53 citations

Structural and Functional Characterization of the Zn(II) Site in Dimethylargininase-1 (DDAH-1) from Bovine Brain

2001 • 52 citations

A differential assay for the reduced and oxidized states of metallothionein and thionein

2004 • 51 citations

Metallothionein gene expression and secretion in white adipose tissue

2000 • 50 citations

Interprotein metal exchange between transcription factor IIIa and apo-metallothionein

2004 • 49 citations

Covalent Sequestration of Melphalan by Metallothionein and Selective Alkylation of Cysteines

1995 • 48 citations

Effects of dietary copper supplementation of rats on the occurrence of metallothionein-I in liver and its secretion into blood, bile and urine

1986 • 47 citations

Inhibition of human erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase by Zn2+

1999 • 44 citations

Lipid raft‐dependent endocytosis of metallothionein in HepG2 cells

2006 • 42 citations

A Binding Site for Chlorambucil on Metallothionein

1996 • 41 citations

Enzyme regulation by reversible zinc inhibition: glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase as an example

2001 • 39 citations

Reconstitution of Apo-Superoxide Dismutase by Nitric Oxide-Induced Copper Transfer from Metallothioneins

2000 • 38 citations

Regulation of Metallothionein Gene Expression and Secretion in Rat Adipocytes Differentiated from Preadipocytes in Primary Culture

2000 • 38 citations

Structural Basis for p53 Binding-induced DNA Bending

2006 • 35 citations

Role of intracellular free Ca(II) and Zn(II) in dexamethasone‐induced apoptosis and dexamethasone resistance in human leukemic CEM cell lines

1995 • 35 citations

Tracing of labile zinc in live fish hepatocytes using FluoZin-3

2006 • 32 citations

Intracellular Ca²⁺and Zn²⁺signals during monochloramine-induced oxidative stress in isolated rat colon crypts

2005 • 28 citations

Energy-dependent nuclear binding dictates metallothionein localization

2000 • 24 citations

Metal regulation of metallothionein participation in redox reactions

1999 • 21 citations

Effect of Maternal Zinc Supply on Blood and Tissue Metallothionein I Concentrations in Suckling Rats

1987 • 21 citations

METALLOTHIONEIN IN HUMAN SEMINAL PLASMA

1994 • 11 citations

Imaging Zinc: Old and New Tools

2003 • 10 citations

Introduction

2006 • 2 citations