The relationship between excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in the central nervous system

Free radicals in biology and medicine

1991 • 17,840 citations

Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system

1988 • 7,257 citations

Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine

1990 • 4,962 citations

Biology of disease: free radicals and tissue injury.

1982 • 3,078 citations

The mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. General properties and effect of hyperbaric oxygen

1973 • 2,608 citations

Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures.

1991 • 2,173 citations

Ionic dependence of glutamate neurotoxicity

1987 • 1,811 citations

Kainic acid as a tool in neurobiology

1978 • 1,314 citations

Lesion of striatal neurons with kainic acid provides a model for Huntington's chorea

1976 • 1,247 citations

Interactions between glutamatergic and monoaminergic systems within the basal ganglia-implications for schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease

1990 • 1,102 citations

Excitotoxity and the NMDA receptor

1987 • 1,053 citations

Glutamate toxicity in a neuronal cell line involves inhibition of cystine transport leading to oxidative stress

1989 • 987 citations

Oxidative Stress: Introductory Remarks

1985 • 979 citations

Does impairment of energy metabolism result in excitotoxic neuronal death in neurodegenerative illnesses?

1992 • 964 citations

Guam Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Parkinsonism-Dementia Linked to a Plant Excitant Neurotoxin

1987 • 881 citations

Oxygen radicals and the nervous system

1985 • 822 citations

Oxidative damage to brain proteins, loss of glutamine synthetase activity, and production of free radicals during ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to gerbil brain.

1990 • 787 citations

Reversal of age-related increase in brain protein oxidation, decrease in enzyme activity, and loss in temporal and spatial memory by chronic administration of the spin-trapping compound N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone.

1991 • 734 citations

Effect of Ischemia on the In Vivo Release of Striatal Dopamine, Glutamate, and γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Studied by Intracerebral Microdialysis

1988 • 704 citations

Cerebral hypoxia: some new approaches and unanswered questions

1990 • 674 citations

β-Amyloid protein increases the vulnerability of cultured cortical neurons to excitotoxic damage

1990 • 620 citations

Attenuation of focal cerebral ischemic injury in transgenic mice overexpressing CuZn superoxide dismutase.

1991 • 591 citations

Cytochrome oxidase deficiency in Alzheimer's disease

1990 • 581 citations

Alternative excitotoxic hypotheses

1992 • 572 citations

Bleb Formation in Hepatocytes During Drug Metabolism Is Caused by Disturbances in Thiol and Calcium Ion Homeostasis

1982 • 553 citations

Excitatory amino acid release and free radical formation may cooperate in the genesis of ischemia-induced neuronal damage

1990 • 510 citations

Neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids

1990 • 466 citations

A Selective Increase in Particulate Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Parkinsonian Substantia Nigra

1989 • 445 citations

Oxygen free radical involvement in ischemia and reperfusion injury to brain

1988 • 429 citations

Neuromelanin-containing neurons of the substantia nigra accumulate iron and aluminum in Parkinson's disease: a LAMMA study

1992 • 423 citations

Protein, Lipid and DNA Repair Systems in Oxidative Stress: The Free-Radical Theory of Aging Revisited

1991 • 410 citations

Reduced Activities of Thiamine-Dependent Enzymes in the Brains and Peripheral Tissues of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

1988 • 406 citations

Oxygen-derived radicals: a link between reperfusion injury and inflammation.

1987 • 389 citations

Protection against tissue damage in vivo by desferrioxamine: What is its mechanism of action?

1989 • 385 citations

Acidosis and ischemic brain damage

1988 • 378 citations

Regional distribution of iron and iron‐regulatory proteins in the brain in aging and Alzheimer's disease

1992 • 367 citations

DATATOP: A Multicenter Controlled Clinical Trial in Early Parkinson's Disease

1989 • 337 citations

Alterations in L-Glutamate Binding in Alzheimer's and Huntington's Diseases

1985 • 334 citations

Mechanism of Kainate Toxicity to Cerebellar Neurons In Vitro Is Analogous to Reperfusion Tissue Injury

1987 • 334 citations

Oxidative stress in mitochondria: Its relationship to cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, cell death, proliferation, and differentiation

1991 • 307 citations

Hippocampal damage and kainic acid injection induce a rapid increase in mRNA for BDNF and NGF in the rat brain

1991 • 295 citations

Oxidative stress as a causal factor in differentiation and aging: a unifying hypothesis

1990 • 292 citations

Is Parkinson's disease a progressive siderosis of substantia nigra resulting in iron and melanin induced neurodegeneration?

1989 • 290 citations

Hemoglobin potentiates central nervous system damage.

1987 • 262 citations

Regional Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity in Huntington's Disease Brain

1985 • 255 citations

Effects of injected Alzheimer beta-amyloid cores in rat brain.

1991 • 255 citations

Decreased Ferritin Levels in Brain in Parkinson's Disease

1990 • 254 citations

Antioxidants protect against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in a neuronal cell line.

1989 • 245 citations

Ferritin is a component of the neuritic (senile) plaque in Alzheimer dementia

1990 • 243 citations

Glutamate Receptor Agonists Stimulate Nitric Oxide Synthase in Primary Cultures of Cerebellar Granule Cells

1992 • 234 citations

Oxygen radicals in CNS damage

1989 • 226 citations

Free radical generation during brief period of cerebral ischemia may trigger delayed neuronal death

1990 • 216 citations

Oxidative stress induced by glutamate receptor agonists

1993 • 210 citations

Do environmental toxins cause Parkinson's disease? A critical review.

1990 • 200 citations

The role of iron in oxygen radical mediated lipid peroxidation

1989 • 198 citations

Superoxide dismutase activity in Alzheimer's disease: possible mechanism for paired helical filament formation

1989 • 193 citations

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease

1991 • 186 citations

Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione Reductase, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activities in FeCl₃‐Induced Epileptogenic Foci in the Rat Brain

1990 • 178 citations

Mitochondrial function in brain tissue in primary degenerative dementia

1987 • 177 citations

Glutamate neurotoxicity and Huntington's chorea

1978 • 173 citations

Long-Term Neuropathological and Neurochemical Effects of Nucleus Basalis Lesions in the Rat

1987 • 169 citations

Oxygen radicals: Common mediators of neurotoxicity

1991 • 158 citations

Calcium chelator Quin 2 prevents hydrogen‐peroxide‐induced DNA breakage and cytotoxicity

1989 • 157 citations

U-78517F: a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation with activity in experimental brain injury and ischemia.

1991 • 145 citations

Generation of hydrogen peroxide by brain mitochondria: The effect of reoxygenation following postdecapitative ischemia

1989 • 145 citations

Some features of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the mouse

1989 • 141 citations

Postischemic Cerebral Lipid Peroxidation In Vitro: Modification by Dietary Vitamin E

1985 • 129 citations

Metabolic Processes in Alzheimer's Disease: Adenine Nucleotide Content and Production of ¹⁴CO₂ from [U‐¹⁴C]Glucose In Vitro in Human Neocortex

1983 • 126 citations

Diffusion characteristics and extracellular volume fraction during normoxia and hypoxia in slices of rat neostriatum

1991 • 123 citations

Glutathione Metabolism and Some Possible Functions of Glutathione in the Nervous System

1976 • 122 citations

The Influence of Bicuculline‐Induced Seizures on Free Fatty Acid Concentrations in Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus, and Cerebellum

1982 • 121 citations

Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication

1989 • 119 citations

Free radical generation in the brain precedes hyperbaric oxygen-induced convulsions

1992 • 118 citations

Stroke Therapy

1991 • 108 citations

The accumulation of free arachidonic acid, diacylglycerols, prostaglandins, and lipoxygenase reaction products in the brain during experimental epilepsy.

1986 • 107 citations

Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide generation and activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase following global ischemia

1987 • 105 citations

Redox modulation of NMDA receptor-mediated toxicity in mammalian central neurons

1990 • 103 citations

The biochemical mechanisms of the excitotoxicity of Kainic acid

1992 • 95 citations

Vitamin E and neurologic function in man

1989 • 95 citations

On the role of thiol groups in the inhibition of liver microsomal ca2+ sequestration by toxic agents

1985 • 93 citations

Interaction between free radicals and excitatory amino acids in the formation of ischemic brain edema in rats.

1991 • 91 citations

Time course of changes in lipid peroxidation, pre- and postsynaptic cholinergic indices, NMDA receptor binding and neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus following transient ischemia

1991 • 90 citations

Free radicals induce gene expression of NGF and bFGF in rat astrocyte culture

1992 • 79 citations

Calcium Enhances In Vitro Free Radical‐Induced Damage to Brain Synaptosomes, Mitochondria, and Cultured Spinal Cord Neurons

1985 • 78 citations

Domoic acid, an environmental toxin, produces hippocampal damage and severe memory impairment

1990 • 77 citations

Oxidative damage and cerebral aging

1992 • 76 citations

What excitotoxin kills striatal neurons in Huntington's disease? Clues from neurochemical studies

1990 • 76 citations

Increased excitotoxic vulnerability of cortical cultures with reduced levels of glutathione

1991 • 75 citations

Inactivation of mammalian brain glutamine synthetase by oxygen radicals

1988 • 75 citations

Regulation of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid/Barbiturate Receptor‐Gated Chloride Ion Flux in Brain Vesicles by Phospholipase A₂: Possible Role of Oxygen Radicals

1988 • 75 citations

Release of arachidonic acid by NMDA-receptor activation in the rat hippocampus

1991 • 73 citations

Rapid increase in blood-brain barrier permeability during severe hypoxia and metabolic inhibition

1986 • 71 citations

Cerebral Superoxide Anion Generation during Seizures in Newborn Pigs

1989 • 71 citations

Brain injury by ischemic anoxia: Hypothesis extension — A tale of two ions?

1984 • 68 citations

MPTP toxicity in the mouse brain and vitamin E

1990 • 57 citations

Effects of excitotoxins on free radical indices in mouse brain

1992 • 54 citations

Aluminosilicate-lnduced Free Radical Generation by Murine Brain Glial Cells in vitro: Potential Significance in the Aetiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Dementia

1992 • 52 citations

The osmotic/calcium stress theory of brain damage: Are free radicals involved?

1992 • 50 citations

Effect of phenytoin and corticosteroids on seizures and lipid peroxidation in experimental posttraumatic epilepsy

1984 • 48 citations

Effect of extracellular Ca++ omission on isolated hepatocytes. I. Induction of oxidative stress and cell injury.

1988 • 48 citations

Effect of Peroxide, Sodium, and Calcium on Brain Mitochondrial Respiration In Vitro: Potential Role in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion

1990 • 45 citations

Accumulation of Amino Acids and Hydroxyl Free Radicals in Brain and Retina of Gerbil After Transient Ischemia

1991 • 43 citations

Free radical scavenging systems of rat astroglial cells in primary culture: Effects of anoxia and drug treatment

1992 • 37 citations

Protective effect of the iron chelator deferoxamine on cold-induced brain edema

1989 • 35 citations

Changes in lipid peroxidation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in mouse brain homogenates

1987 • 35 citations

Eicosanoids, plasma membranes, and molecular mechanisms of spinal cord injury

1987 • 31 citations

Increased activity of superoxide dismutase in kindled brain and suppression of kindled seizure following intra-amygdaloid injection of superoxide dismutase in rats

1991 • 30 citations

NGF restores decrease in catalase and increases glutathione peroxidase activity in the brain of aged rats

1991 • 26 citations

Lipid peroxidation in rat cerebral cortex during post‐ischemic reperfusion: Effect of exogenous antioxidants and Ca⁺⁺‐antagonist drugs

1992 • 24 citations

Cyanide-induced neurotoxicity: Mechanisms of attenuation by chlorpromazine

1988 • 23 citations

In vitro modulation of human neutrophil superoxide anion generation by various calcium channel antagonists used in ischemia-reperfusion resuscitation

1989 • 18 citations

Effect of partial ischemia on phospholipids and postischemic lipid peroxidation in rabbit spinal cord

1989 • 18 citations

Cytotoxicity of phenazine methosulfate in isolated rat hepatocytes is associated with superoxide anion production, thiol oxidation and alterations in intracellular calcium ion homeostasis

1986 • 17 citations

Extracellular calcium alleviates cell toxicity due to hepatotoxins that induce lipid peroxidation, but has no effect on toxins that do not cause lipid peroxidation

1989 • 11 citations

Putting genes into hypogonadal mice

1987 • 7 citations

Antioxidant therapy in experimental spinal cord injury

1991 • 5 citations

Depressive effects of lipid peroxides mediated via a purine receptor

1990 • 4 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations