Cerebral hypoxia: some new approaches and unanswered questions

Elevation of the Extracellular Concentrations of Glutamate and Aspartate in Rat Hippocampus During Transient Cerebral Ischemia Monitored by Intracerebral Microdialysis

1984 • 2,884 citations

Delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus following ischemia

1982 • 2,856 citations

Temporal profile of neuronal damage in a model of transient forebrain ischemia

1982 • 2,695 citations

Glutamate and the pathophysiology of hypoxic–ischemic brain damage

1986 • 2,428 citations

NMDA-receptor activation increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration in cultured spinal cord neurones

1986 • 1,842 citations

Cell Damage in the Brain: A Speculative Synthesis

1981 • 1,827 citations

Brain Lesions, Obesity, and Other Disturbances in Mice Treated with Monosodium Glutamate

1969 • 1,802 citations

Calcium-mediated neurotoxicity: relationship to specific channel types and role in ischemic damage

1988 • 1,745 citations

Blockade of N -Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors May Protect Against Ischemic Damage in the Brain

1984 • 1,689 citations

Effect of anoxia on ion distribution in the brain

1985 • 1,341 citations

Inhibition of Postsynaptic PKC or CaMKII Blocks Induction But Not Expression of LTP

1989 • 1,335 citations

Excitatory amino acid receptors in the vertebrate central nervous system.

1989 • 1,316 citations

Calcium Fluxes, Calcium Antagonists, and Calcium-Related Pathology in Brain Ischemia, Hypoglycemia, and Spreading Depression: A Unifying Hypothesis

1989 • 1,237 citations

Pathological Changes Induced in Cerebrocortical Neurons by Phencyclidine and Related Drugs

1989 • 1,235 citations

2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline: a Neuroprotectant for Cerebral Ischemia

1990 • 1,125 citations

Effect of mild hypothermia on ischemia-induced release of neurotransmitters and free fatty acids in rat brain.

1989 • 1,110 citations

The Toxic Effect of Sodium L-Glutamate on the Inner Layers of the Retina

1957 • 1,061 citations

Rapid increase of an immediate early gene messenger RNA in hippocampal neurons by synaptic NMDA receptor activation

1989 • 1,014 citations

Glutamate toxicity in a neuronal cell line involves inhibition of cystine transport leading to oxidative stress

1989 • 987 citations

Stimulus-transcription coupling in neurons: role of cellular immediate-early genes

1989 • 973 citations

Amphetamine, Haloperidol, and Experience Interact to Affect Rate of Recovery After Motor Cortex Injury

1982 • 916 citations

Synaptic release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter mediates anoxic neuronal death

1984 • 893 citations

Block of Stretch-Activated Ion Channels in Xenopus Oocytes by Gadolinium and Calcium Ions

1989 • 811 citations

Hypoglycemia-Induced Neuronal Damage Prevented by an N -Methyl-D-Aspartate Antagonist

1985 • 673 citations

Rodent models of cerebral ischemia.

1989 • 663 citations

Low extracellular magnesium induces epileptiform activity and spreading depression in rat hippocampal slices

1987 • 642 citations

Lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid as second messengers for presynaptic inhibition of Aplysia sensory cells

1987 • 640 citations

Arachidonic acid induces a long-term activity-dependent enhancement of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus

1989 • 612 citations

Hypothermia but not the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, MK-801, attenuates neuronal damage in gerbils subjected to transient global ischemia

1990 • 589 citations

Possible Therapeutic Applications of Antagonists of Excitatory Amino acid Neurotransmitters

1985 • 558 citations

Neurotransmitters decrease the calcium conductance activated by depolarization of embryonic chick sensory neurones.

1981 • 555 citations

Calcium and Ischemic Injury

1986 • 529 citations

Free Radicals and Brain Damage

1993 • 527 citations

7-Chlorokynurenic acid is a selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex.

1988 • 517 citations

Non-competitive antagonists of excitatory amino acid receptors

1987 • 502 citations

Synaptic Activity Mediates Death of Hypoxic Neurons

1983 • 441 citations

Gangliosides prevent glutamate and kainate neurotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures of neonatal rat cerebellum and cortex.

1988 • 384 citations

What causes infarction in ischemic brain?

1983 • 382 citations

Release of Glutamate, Aspartate, and γ‐Aminobutyric Acid from Isolated Nerve Terminals

1989 • 378 citations

Acidosis and ischemic brain damage

1988 • 378 citations

Arachidonic acid induces a prolonged inhibition of glutamate uptake into glial cells

1989 • 375 citations

Acidosis reduces NMDA receptor activation, glutamate neurotoxicity, and oxygen-glucose deprivation neuronal injury in cortical cultures

1990 • 372 citations

Tissue Plasminogen Activator Reduces Neurological Damage After Cerebral Embolism

1985 • 369 citations

Polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase and catalase reduce ischemic brain injury

1989 • 368 citations

Calpain I activation is specifically related to excitatory amino acid induction of hippocampal damage

1989 • 359 citations

Glutamate neurotoxicity in vitro: antagonist pharmacology and intracellular calcium concentrations

1990 • 343 citations

Delayed neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids In vitro

1987 • 332 citations

Biological differences between ischemia, hypoglycemia, and epilepsy

1988 • 331 citations

The role of protein kinase C in the regulation of ion channels and neurotransmitter release

1987 • 310 citations

Vulnerability of cultured cortical neurons to damage by excitotoxins: differential susceptibility of neurons containing NADPH-diaphorase

1988 • 309 citations

GABA _A -Receptor Function in Hippocampal Cells Is Maintained by Phosphorylation Factors

1988 • 303 citations

MK-801, a proposed noncompetitive antagonist of excitatory amino acid neurotransmission, produces phencyclidine-like behavioral effects in pigeons, rats and rhesus monkeys.

1988 • 302 citations

Regulation of neuronal function by calcium

1989 • 302 citations

Sustained Dendritic Gradients of Ca ²⁺ Induced by Excitatory Amino Acids in CA1 Hippocampal Neurons

1988 • 301 citations

Protection of Dentate Hilar Cells from Prolonged Stimulation by Intracellular Calcium Chelation

1989 • 292 citations

Stimulation of protein kinase C recruits covert calcium channels in Aplysia bag cell neurons

1987 • 291 citations

Calcium-activated non-specific cation channels

1988 • 282 citations

Methods for antagonizing glutamate neurotoxicity.

1990 • 277 citations

The impact of postsynaptic calcium on synaptic transmission — its role in long-term potentiation

1989 • 274 citations

COMPOUNDS IN BRAIN EXTRACTS CAUSING SPREADING DEPRESSION OF CEREBRAL CORTICAL ACTIVITY AND CONTRACTION OF CRUSTACEAN MUSCLE

1959 • 270 citations

N‐methyl‐<scp>D</scp>‐aspartate antagonists: Ready for clinical trial in brain ischemia?

1989 • 270 citations

21-Aminosteroid lipid peroxidation inhibitor U74006F protects against cerebral ischemia in gerbils.

1988 • 266 citations

Mechanisms involved in irreversible anoxic damage to the in vitro rat hippocampal slice

1982 • 261 citations

An adenosine agonist inhibits and a cyclic AMP analogue enhances the release of glutamate but not GABA from slices of rat dentate gyrus

1983 • 257 citations

Recovery of function after brain damage: Severe and chronic disruption by diazepam

1986 • 253 citations

In primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive glutamate receptors induces c-fos mRNA expression.

1989 • 236 citations

Neuroprotective effects of MK-801 in vivo: selectivity and evidence for delayed degeneration mediated by NMDA receptor activation

1988 • 216 citations

A possible role of lipid peroxidation in cellular damages caused by cerebral ischemia and the protective effect of alpha-tocopherol administration.

1983 • 214 citations

Role of extracellular calcium in anoxic injury of mammalian central white matter.

1990 • 212 citations

Direct Evidence That Excitotoxicity in Cultured Neurons Is Mediated via N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate (NMDA) as well as Non‐NMDA Receptors

1989 • 208 citations

Mild acidosis protects hippocampal neurons from injury induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation

1990 • 202 citations

An adenosine analogue, 2-chloroadenosine, protects against long term development of ischaemic cell loss in the rat hippocampus

1987 • 195 citations

Lesions to Schaffer collaterals prevent ischemic death of CA1 pyramidal cells

1986 • 193 citations

The cerebral ischemic penumbra.

1987 • 175 citations

The Effects of Extracellular Acidosis on Neurons and Glia in vitro

1989 • 154 citations

Cyclohexyl adenosine protects against neuronal death following ischemia in the CA1 region of gerbil hippocampus.

1988 • 153 citations

Effect of Theophylline on Ischemically Induced Hippocampal Damage in Mongolian Gerbils: A Behavioral and Histopathological Study

1987 • 145 citations

Is there a case for PAF antagonists in the treatment of ischemie states?

1989 • 139 citations

Ischemic CA-1 pyramidal cell loss is prevented by preischemic colchicine destruction of dentate gyrus granule cells

1986 • 127 citations

Nimodipine attenuates both increase in cytosolic free calcium and histologic damage following focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in cats.

1989 • 120 citations

Adenosine reduces cortical neuronal injury induced by oxygen or glucose deprivation in vitro

1988 • 120 citations

ISCHAEMIC BRAIN DAMAGE: THE ROLE OF EXCITATORY ACTIVITY AND OF CALCIUM ENTRY

1985 • 115 citations

Inhibition of Excitatory Amino Acid‐Stimulated Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in the Neonatal Rat Hippocampus by 2‐Amino‐3‐Phosphonopropionate

1989 • 114 citations

Circulating Catecholamines Modulate Ischemic Brain Damage

1986 • 110 citations

Arachidonic Acid in the Modulation of Excitable Membrane Function and at the Onset of Brain Damagea

1989 • 108 citations

Current Medical and Surgical Therapy for Cerebrovascular Disease

1987 • 108 citations

Effects of NMDA antagonists, MK-801 and CPP, upon local cerebral glucose use

1989 • 106 citations

Lesions of the locus coeruleus system aggravate ischemic damage in the rat brain

1985 • 102 citations

A nonglucocorticoid steroid analog of methylprednisolone duplicates its high-dose pharmacology in models of central nervous system trauma and neuronal membrane damage.

1987 • 98 citations

Modulatory Effect of Dopamine on High‐Affinity Glutamate Uptake in the Rat Striatum

1987 • 97 citations

The regulation of cytosolic calcium in rat brain synaptosomes by sodium‐dependent calcium efflux.

1986 • 86 citations

Cellular and molecular effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain ischemia and injury

1985 • 85 citations

Amphetamine accelerates recovery of locomotor function following bilateral frontal cortex ablation in cats.

1989 • 81 citations

Cortical neurons containing somatostatin‐ or parvalbumin‐like immunoreactivity are atypically vulnerable to excitotoxic injury in vitro

1990 • 80 citations

Superoxide dismutase protects cultured neurons against death by starvation.

1987 • 79 citations

Tissue Plasminogen Activator Plus Glutamate Antagonist Improves Outcome After Embolic Stroke

1991 • 78 citations

Long-term potentiation: Persisting problems and recent results

1988 • 78 citations

Modulatory effects of prostaglandin D2, E2 and F2α on the postsynaptic actions of inhibitory and excitatory amino acids in cerebellar purkinje cell dendrites in vitro

1985 • 76 citations

Amphetamine accelerates recovery of locomotor function following bilateral frontal cortex ablation in cats.

1989 • 68 citations

Effects of Lactic Acid on Astrocytes in Primary Culture

1987 • 66 citations

Calcium-mediated myopathy at neuromuscular junctions of normal and dystrophic muscle

1982 • 65 citations

Methionine sulfoximine reduces cortical infarct size in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion.

1990 • 65 citations

Ca²⁺Activated Mechanisms in Cell Killing

1989 • 58 citations

CGS 19755 is a potent and competitive antagonist at NMDA-type receptors

1988 • 57 citations

Ionotropic and metabotropic neurotransmission

1979 • 53 citations

Requirement of NMDA receptor/channels for intracellular high-energy phosphates and the extent of intraneuronal calcium buffering in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons

1988 • 53 citations

Phorbol ester translocation of protein kinase C in guinea-pig synaptosomes and the potentiation of calcium-dependent glutamate release

1988 • 52 citations

Inhibitory effects of noradrenaline and dopamine on calcium influx and neurotransmitter glutamate release in mammalian brain slices

1987 • 43 citations

Amelioration of post-ischemic brain damage with barbiturates.

1980 • 40 citations

Effect of the ganglioside GM1 on neurologic function, electroencephalogram amplitude, and histology in chronic middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats.

1988 • 34 citations

Global reduction in cerebral blood flow and metabolism elicited from intrinsic neurons of fastigial nucleus

1989 • 32 citations

The Role of Platelet‐Activating Factor in Cerebral Ischemia and Related Disorders

1989 • 27 citations

Arachidonic acid inhibits uptake of glutamate and glutamine but not of GABA in cultured cerebellar granule cells

1987 • 25 citations

Neuropsychiatric complications after cardiopulmonary bypass: Cerebral protection by a barbiturate

1987 • 20 citations

Calmodulin and Protein Phosphorylation: Implications in Brain Ischemia

1985 • 11 citations

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