Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review

Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia

1991 • 2,886 citations

Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter

1996 • 2,452 citations

Human studies of prepulse inhibition of startle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies

2001 • 1,695 citations

Sensorimotor Gating and Schizophrenia

1990 • 1,307 citations

Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia

1961 • 1,198 citations

Prestimulus Effects on Human Startle Reflex in Normals and Schizophrenics

1978 • 1,173 citations

Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibition of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges

2001 • 1,048 citations

Gating and Habituation of the Startle Reflex in Schizophrenic Patients

1992 • 1,030 citations

Study of a New Schizophrenomimetic Drug—Sernyl

1959 • 922 citations

Subanesthetic Doses of Ketamine Stimulate Psychosis in Schizophrenia

1995 • 891 citations

Assessing the Validity of an Animal Model of Deficient Sensorimotor Gating in Schizophrenic Patients

1994 • 702 citations

Dopaminergic stimulation disrupts sensorimotor gating in the rat

1988 • 609 citations

Startle response models of sensorimotor gating and habituation deficits in schizophrenia

1990 • 457 citations

Impaired prepulse inhibition of acoustic and tactile startle response in patients with Huntington's disease.

1995 • 445 citations

Sensorimotor gating in boys with Tourette's syndrome and ADHD: Preliminary results

1996 • 396 citations

Isolation rearing of rats produces a deficit in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle similar to that in schizophrenia

1993 • 376 citations

Effects of phencyclidine and phencyclidine biologs on sensorimotor gating in the rat*1

1989 • 375 citations

A preliminary assessment of sensorimotor gating in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

1993 • 355 citations

Central dopamine hyperactivity in rats mimics abnormal acoustic startle response in schizophrenics

1986 • 341 citations

Clozapine antagonizes phencyclidine-induced deficits in sensorimotor gating of the startle response.

1994 • 334 citations

Pharmacological actions of a novel, high-affinity, and selective human dopamine D(3) receptor antagonist, SB-277011-A.

2000 • 284 citations

MODEL PSYCHOSES AND SCHIZOPHRENIA

1962 • 269 citations

Social Isolation in the Rat Produces Developmentally Specific Deficits in Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle Response Without Disrupting Latent Inhibition

1994 • 267 citations

The effects of an early stressful life event on sensorimotor gating in adult rats

1998 • 267 citations

Prepulse Inhibition Deficits and Perseverative Motor Patterns in Dopamine Transporter Knock-Out Mice: Differential Effects of D1 and D2 Receptor Antagonists

2001 • 266 citations

Effects of spiperone, raclopride, SCH 23390 and clozapine on apomorphine inhibition of sensorimotor gating of the startle response in the rat.

1991 • 247 citations

Examination of drug-induced and isolation-induced disruptions of prepulse inhibition as models to screen antipsychotic drugs

1995 • 231 citations

Long-term effects of prenatal stress experience and postnatal maternal separation on emotionality and attentional processes

2000 • 221 citations

Measurement of Startle Response, Prepulse Inhibition, and Habituation

1998 • 219 citations

Environmental enrichment and isolation rearing in the rat: effects on locomotor behavior and startle response plasticity

2000 • 205 citations

M100907, a Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Antagonist and Putative Antipsychotic, Blocks Dizocilpine-Induced Prepulse Inhibition Deficits in Sprague–Dawley and Wistar Rats

1999 • 203 citations

Clozapine Blunts N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Antagonist-Induced Psychosis: A Study with Ketamine

1997 • 197 citations

Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: a review

2001 • 193 citations

Clozapine and haloperidol in an animal model of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia

1993 • 189 citations

The Dopamine D₂, but not D₃or D₄, Receptor Subtype is Essential for the Disruption of Prepulse Inhibition Produced by Amphetamine in Mice

1999 • 179 citations

Multiple serotonin receptor subtypes modulate prepulse inhibition of the startle response in rats

1994 • 179 citations

Adrenergic α_2C-Receptors Modulate the Acoustic Startle Reflex, Prepulse Inhibition, and Aggression in Mice

1998 • 178 citations

Multiple limbic regions mediate the disruption of prepulse inhibition produced in rats by the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist dizocilpine.

1998 • 165 citations

Toward Understanding the Biology of a Complex Phenotype: Rat Strain and Substrain Differences in the Sensorimotor Gating-Disruptive Effects of Dopamine Agonists

2000 • 162 citations

Effects of apomorphine and amphetamine on patterns of locomotor and investigatory behavior in rats

1987 • 161 citations

Seroquel restores sensorimotor gating in phencyclidine-treated rats.

1996 • 156 citations

Clinical and Sensorimotor Gating Effects of Ketamine in Normals

2001 • 150 citations

The effects of low dose ketamine on sensory gating, neuroendocrine secretion and behavior in healthy human subjects

1998 • 145 citations

Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle, a measure of sensorimotor gating: Effects of antipsychotics and other agents in rats

1995 • 145 citations

Role of serotonin in the action of atypical antipsychotic drugs.

1995 • 144 citations

Parametric determinants in pre-stimulus modification of acoustic startle: interaction with ketamine

1991 • 143 citations

Apomorphine disrupts the inhibition of acoustic startle induced by weak prepulses in rats

1990 • 141 citations

Sensorimotor gating changes across the estrous cycle in female rats

1998 • 141 citations

A D2 dopamine receptor agonist disrupts sensorimotor gating in rats. Implications for dopaminergic abnormalities in schizophrenia.

1990 • 138 citations

Reversal of Isolation Rearing-Induced Deficits in Prepulse Inhibition by Seroquel and Olanzapine

1998 • 136 citations

Effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A on the behavior of pigeons and rats

1996 • 134 citations

Seroquel, clozapine and chlorpromazine restore sensorimotor gating in ketamine-treated rats

1998 • 131 citations

Drug-induced potentiation of prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex in mice: a model for detecting antipsychotic activity?

2001 • 126 citations

Role of dopamine in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle

2000 • 126 citations

5-Hydroxytryptamine 1a receptor agonists block prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex.

1992 • 124 citations

Serotonin 1B receptor modulation of startle reactivity, habituation, and prepulse inhibition in wild-type and serotonin 1B knockout mice

1997 • 120 citations

Oxytocin modulates psychotomimetic-induced deficits in sensorimotor gating

1999 • 119 citations

DOI disruption of prepulse inhibition of startle in the rat is mediated by 5-HT2A and not by 5-HT2C receptors

1995 • 115 citations

Effects of Nicotine and Stress on Startle Amplitude and Sensory Gating Depend on Rat Strain and Sex

1999 • 114 citations

Ontogeny of Isolation Rearing-Induced Deficits in Sensorimotor Gating in Rats

1999 • 113 citations

DOI disrupts prepulse inhibition of startle in rats via 5-HT2A receptors in the ventral pallidum

1997 • 113 citations

Strain-specific effects of amphetamine on prepulse inhibition and patterns of locomotor behavior in mice.

2001 • 108 citations

The Long-Term Effects of Maternal Deprivation Depend on the Genetic Background

2000 • 108 citations

Strain differences in the isolation-induced effects on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response and on locomotor activity.

2000 • 104 citations

Muscarinic cholinergic modulation of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex.

2000 • 104 citations

Responding to acoustic startle during chronic ethanol intoxication and withdrawal

1992 • 102 citations

Long-term evaluation of isolation-rearing induced prepulse inhibition deficits in rats

2001 • 101 citations

8-OH-DPAT disruption of prepulse inhibition in rats: reversal with (+)WAY 100,135 and localization of site of action

1995 • 100 citations

Effects of isolation rearing on startle reactivity, habituation, and prepulse inhibition in male Lewis, Sprague-Dawley, and Fischer F344 rats.

1998 • 99 citations

L-745,870, a subtype selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist, does not exhibit a neuroleptic-like profile in rodent behavioral tests.

1997 • 99 citations

The effects of haloperidol and clozapine on the disruption of sensorimotor gating induced by the noncompetitive glutamate antagonist MK-801

1993 • 99 citations

Effects of MDMA (Ecstasy) on Prepulse Inhibition and Habituation of Startle in Humans after Pretreatment with Citalopram, Haloperidol, or Ketanserin

2001 • 99 citations

Differential effects of ketamine on gating of auditory evoked potentials and prepulse inhibition in rats

1999 • 96 citations

Opposite effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on sensorimotor gating in rats versus healthy humans

1999 • 95 citations

Effect of d -amphetamine on prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans

1999 • 95 citations

Strain and age differences in acoustic startle responses and effects of nicotine in rats

1995 • 94 citations

Psychopharmacology of prepulse inhibition in mice.

1996 • 94 citations

THE EFFECT OF AUDITORY AND VISUAL STIMULATION ON THE SKIN POTENTIAL RESPONSE OF SCHIZOPHRENICS

1960 • 92 citations

The Disruption of Prepulse Inhibition by Social Isolation in the Wistar Rat: How Robust Is the Effect?

1998 • 92 citations

Discrepant Findings of Clozapine Effects on Prepulse Inhibition of Startle: Is It the Route or the Rat?

1998 • 88 citations

Differential effects of apomorphine on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex in two rat strains

1990 • 85 citations

Selective dopamine D 4 receptor antagonists reverse apomorphine-induced blockade of prepulse inhibition

1998 • 83 citations

Prepulse inhibition as a screening test for potential antipsychotics

1991 • 83 citations

Rat Strain Differences in the Ability to Disrupt Sensorimotor Gating Are Limited to the Dopaminergic System, Specific to Prepulse Inhibition, and Unrelated to Changes in Startle Amplitude or Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity

1999 • 82 citations

Nitric oxide synthase inhibition blocks phencyclidine-induced behavioural effects on prepulse inhibition and locomotor activity in the rat

1997 • 80 citations

The atypical antipsychotic, remoxipride, blocks phencyclidine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition in the rat

1994 • 79 citations

Effect of nicotine, lobeline, and mecamylamine on sensory gating in the rat

1994 • 78 citations

Novel antipsychotic-like effects on prepulse inhibition of startle produced by a neurotensin agonist.

1999 • 78 citations

Do ? Interactions Regulate Prepulse Inhibition in Rats?

1996 • 78 citations

Effects of the PCP analog dizocilpine on sensory gating: Potential relevance to clinical subtypes of schizophrenia

1996 • 77 citations

Effects of MK801 and neuroleptics on prepulse inhibition: re-examination in two strains of rats

2000 • 77 citations

Effects of the hallucinogen psilocybin on habituation and prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans

1998 • 76 citations

Knockout Mice Reveal Opposite Roles for Serotonin 1A and 1B Receptors in Prepulse Inhibition

2000 • 76 citations

Enhanced Neurotensin Neurotransmission Is Involved in the Clinically Relevant Behavioral Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs: Evidence from Animal Models of Sensorimotor Gating

2001 • 76 citations

Effects of Sustained Phencyclidine Exposure on Sensorimotor Gating of Startle in Rats

1999 • 73 citations

Methylazoxymethanol acetate-induced abnormalities in the entorhinal cortex of the rat; parallels with morphological findings in schizophrenia

1998 • 72 citations

Potentiation of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in rats: pharmacological evaluation of the procedure as a model for detecting antipsychotic activity

1997 • 72 citations

5-HT modulation of auditory and visual sensorimotor gating: I. Effects of 5-HT releasers on sound and light prepulse inhibition in Wistar rats

1996 • 72 citations

D1 and D2 dopamine receptor antagonists reverse prepulse inhibition deficits in an animal model of schizophrenia

1994 • 70 citations

Effects of NMDA receptor ligands on sensorimotor gating in the rat

1991 • 70 citations

Effects of D3/D2 Dopamine Receptor Agonists and Antagonists on Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle in the Rat

1995 • 70 citations

Involvement of serotonin 2A receptors in phencyclidine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle in rats

1999 • 68 citations

Isolation rearing-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition

1999 • 68 citations

Nicotine modulates effects of stress on acoustic startle reflexes in rats: dependence on dose, stressor and initial reactivity

1994 • 67 citations

Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response is disrupted by N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDEA) in the rat

1989 • 66 citations

Disruption in prepulse inhibition after alpha-1 adrenoceptor stimulation in rats

1998 • 65 citations

Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Toluene on Postnatal Development and Behavior in Rats

1999 • 65 citations

Apomorphine, d-amphetamine, strychnine and yohimbine do not alter prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex

1988 • 64 citations

Seroquel (ICI 204,636) restores prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in apomorphine-treated rats: Similarities to clozapine

1994 • 62 citations

Buspirone: A potential atypical neuroleptic

1983 • 61 citations

Effects of phencyclidne (PCP) and (+)MK-801 on sensorimotor gating in CD-1 mice

1998 • 60 citations

Effects of scopolamine in comparison with apomorphine and phencyclidine on prepulse inhibition in rats

2000 • 59 citations

Mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid produces startle reflex abnormalities and striatal damage in rats that model some features of Huntington's disease

1997 • 58 citations

Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex using visual and auditory prepulses: disruption by apomorphine

1995 • 58 citations

Disruption of prepulse inhibition and increases in locomotor activity by competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in rats.

1999 • 57 citations

A comparison of the effects of amphetamine, strychnine and caffeine on prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition

1995 • 57 citations

Towards a cross-species pharmacology of sensorimotor gating: effects of amantadine, bromocriptine, pergolide and ropinirole on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in rats

1998 • 56 citations

Reversal of a dizocilpine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition of an acoustic startle response by the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin

1995 • 56 citations

Characterization of the Disruptions of Prepulse Inhibition and Habituation of Startle Induced by α-Ethyltryptamine

1997 • 56 citations

The behavioural and neurochemical profile of the putative dopamine D3 receptor agonist, (+)-PD 128907, in the rat

1996 • 56 citations

The glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist, L-701,324 reverses isolation-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition in the rat

1995 • 55 citations

Lack of effect of an early stressful life event on sensorimotor gating in adult rats

2000 • 55 citations

Post-weaning handling attenuates isolation-rearing induced disruptions of prepulse inhibition in rats

2001 • 54 citations

Spatial and temporal patterning distinguishes the locomotor activating effects of dizocilpine and phencyclidine in rats

1991 • 52 citations

Recent basic findings in support of excitatory amino acid hypotheses of schizophrenia

1994 • 50 citations

Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors Attenuate Phencyclidine-Induced Disruption of Prepulse Inhibition

1998 • 50 citations

Long-term effects of prenatal phenytoin exposure on offspring behavior in rats

1989 • 50 citations

Effects of haloperidol and SCH 23390 on acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition under basal and stimulated conditions

1993 • 49 citations

Differential effects of CGP 37849 and MK-801, competitive and noncompetitive NMDA antagonists, with respect to the modulation of sensorimotor gating and dopamine outflow in the prefrontal cortex of rats

1994 • 49 citations

LY354740 affects startle responding but not sensorimotor gating or discriminative effects of phencyclidine

2000 • 49 citations

Dopamine agonist-induced hypothermia and disruption of prepulse inhibition: evidence for a role of D3 receptors?

1998 • 48 citations

Pharmacological characterization of MDL 105,519, an NMDA receptor glycine site antagonist

1997 • 47 citations

The role of 5HT1A receptors in the modulation of the acoustic startle reflex in rats

1989 • 47 citations

PCP (Phencyclidine): An Update

1979 • 47 citations

Localizing Haloperidol Effects on Sensorimotor Gating in a Predictive Model of Antipsychotic Potency

1998 • 43 citations

The apparent antipsychotic action of the 5-HT2a receptor antagonist M100907 in a mouse model of schizophrenia is counteracted by ritanserin

1997 • 43 citations

Nicotine Administration Impairs Sensory Gating in Long–Evans Rats

1998 • 42 citations

Amphetamine dose dependently disrupts prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in rats within a narrow time window

1999 • 41 citations

Neonatal cytomegalovirus exposure decreases prepulse inhibition in adult rats: Implications for schizophrenia

1999 • 41 citations

Cholinergic mechanisms in startle and prepulse inhibition: Effects of the false cholinergic precursor N-aminodeanol.

1993 • 41 citations

Sensory Gating in Rats: Lack of Correlation Between Auditory Evoked Potential Gating and Prepulse Inhibition

1999 • 40 citations

Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine: Effects on Prepulse Inhibition and Central Nicotinic Receptors

1997 • 40 citations

Ontogeny of Phencyclidine and Apomorphine-Induced Startle Gating Deficits in Rats

2000 • 40 citations

“Early” and “Late” Effects of Sustained Haloperidol on Apomorphine- and Phencyclidine-induced Sensorimotor Gating Deficits

2000 • 40 citations

Repeated administration of amphetamine induces sensitisation to its disruptive effect on prepulse inhibition in the rat

1998 • 38 citations

Prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in rats

1999 • 38 citations

Some, but not all, antipsychotic drugs potentiate a low level of prepulse inhibition shown by rats of the Wistar strain

1997 • 37 citations

Psychotogenic drugs as models for schizophrenia *1Comments on ?the current status of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

1988 • 37 citations

Structural and functional abnormalities of the hippocampal formation in rats with environmentally induced reductions in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle

2001 • 36 citations

Effects of phencyclidine on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response in the macaque

2001 • 36 citations

Developmental stress disrupts habituation but spares prepulse inhibition in young rats

2000 • 36 citations

Opiate-dopamine interactions in the neural substrates of acoustics startle gating in the rat

1991 • 36 citations

Lack of sensitization to the effects of d -amphetamine and apomorphine on sensorimotor gating in rats

1998 • 36 citations

Effects of sustained cocaine exposure on sensorimotor gating of startle in rats

1999 • 35 citations

Behavioral effects of chronic phencyclidine in monkeys

1999 • 35 citations

Individual differences in prepulse inhibition of startle as a measure of individual dopamine function.

1999 • 34 citations

Chronic treatment with haloperidol diminishes the phencyclidine-induced sensorimotor gating deficit in rats

1998 • 34 citations

ACEA 1021, a glycine site antagonist with minor psychotomimetic and amnestic effects in rats

1997 • 32 citations

Regulation of sensorimotor gating by interactions of dopamine and adenosine in the rat.

1998 • 32 citations

The effects of subchronic haloperidol on intact and dizocilpine-disrupted sensorimotor gating

1999 • 32 citations

Clozapine's effects on phencyclidine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response

1994 • 30 citations

The Neuronal Selective Nitric Oxide Inhibitor AR‐R 17477, Blocks some Effects of Phencyclidine, while Having No Observable Behavioural Effects when Given Alone

1999 • 30 citations

Effects of LU-111995 in three models of disrupted prepulse inhibition in rats.

1999 • 30 citations

Effects of Isolation‐Rearing on Acoustic Startle and Pre‐Pulse Inhibition in Wistar and Fawn Hooded Rats

1997 • 28 citations

Behavioral Effects Of 8-OH-DPAT in Chronically Stressed Male and Female Rats

2000 • 28 citations

The Effects of M100907 in Pharmacological and Developmental Animal Models of Prepulse Inhibition Deficits in Schizophrenia

1999 • 28 citations

Functional behavioral homology between rat 5-HT1B and guinea pig 5-HT1D receptors in the modulation of prepulse inhibition of startle

1996 • 26 citations

The novel atypical antipsychotic olanzapine, but not the CCK-B antagonist LY288513, blocks apomorphine-induced disruption of pre-pulse inhibition

1997 • 25 citations

Effects of single and repeated exposure to apomorphine on the acoustic startle reflex and its inhibition by a visual prepulse

1995 • 25 citations

Circadian Time Does Not Modify the Prepulse Inhibition Response or Its Attenuation by Apomorphine

1999 • 25 citations

Competitive NMDA receptor antagonists disrupt prepulse inhibition without reduction of startle amplitude in a dopamine receptor-independent manner in mice

1999 • 24 citations

High doses of aspartame have no effects on sensorimotor function or learning and memory in rats

1991 • 24 citations

A hyperglycinergic rat model for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia: preliminary findings

1999 • 23 citations

Prenatal heroin exposure

2000 • 23 citations

NPC 16377, a potent and selective sigma-ligand. II. Behavioral and neuroprotective profile.

1993 • 23 citations

Effects of modulation of nitric oxide on acoustic startle responding and prepulse inhibition in rats

1997 • 23 citations

Amphetamine sensitivity in open-field activity vs. the prepulse inhibition paradigm

1995 • 21 citations

Neonatal methamphetamine-induced long-term acoustic startle facilitation in rats as a function of prepulse stimulus intensity

1996 • 21 citations

Cysteamine Blocks Amphetamine-Induced Deficits in Sensorimotor Gating

1997 • 20 citations

Competitive NMDA and Strychnine-Insensitive Glycine-Site Antagonists Disrupt Prepulse Inhibition

1997 • 20 citations

Multisensory deficits in rats produced by acute exposure to cold swim stress.

1989 • 19 citations

The effect of ketamine on pre-pulse inhibition and attention

1995 • 18 citations

Effects of acute systemic 3-nitropropionic acid administration on rat activity and acoustic startle

2000 • 18 citations

Dose and time response analysis of apomorphine's effect on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle

1991 • 18 citations

NMDA receptor antagonists acting at the glycine B site in rat models for antipsychotic-like activity

1999 • 17 citations

(−)Alprenolol potentiates the disrupting effects of dizocilpine on sensorimotor function in the rat

1997 • 16 citations

Differential effects of the strychnine-insensitive glycine site antagonist (+)-HA-966 on the hyperactivity and the disruption of prepulse inhibition induced by phencyclidine in rats

1998 • 15 citations

Dissociation Between Startle and Prepulse Inhibition in Rats Exposed to γ Radiation at Day 15 of Embryogeny

1998 • 14 citations

Effects of subchronic d-amphetamine on prepulse and gap inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in rats

1991 • 12 citations

Subchronically applied phencyclidine fails to disrupt prepulse inhibition in rats

1999 • 11 citations

Effects of pyrethroids on the acoustic startle reflex in the rat

1988 • 10 citations

Antipsychoticlike effects of amoxapine, without catalepsy, using the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex test in rats

2000 • 10 citations