The cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease
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Abstract
References (256)
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1986 • 563 citations
The molecular basis of muscarinic receptor diversity
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Nicotinic acetylcholine binding sites in Alzheimer's disease
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Localization of a family of muscarinic receptor mRNAs in rat brain
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1984 • 454 citations
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1987 • 431 citations
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1986 • 429 citations
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Members of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene family are expressed in different regions of the mammalian central nervous system
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1986 • 360 citations
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1996 • 356 citations
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1988 • 334 citations
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1979 • 326 citations
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1992 • 324 citations
Brain Cholinergic Systems
1990 • 324 citations
Nerve growth factor affects11C-nicotine binding, blood flow, EEG, and verbal episodic memory in an Alzheimer patient (Case Report)
1992 • 319 citations
Changes in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease resemble embryonic development—A study of molecular forms
1992 • 307 citations
Human reticular formation: Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei and some cytochemical comparisons to forebrain cholinergic neurons
1989 • 301 citations
A unique regulatory profile and regional distribution of [3H]pirenzepine binding in the rat provide evidence for distinct M1 and M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes
1983 • 298 citations
Cell loss and shrinkage in the nucleus basalis Meynert complex in Alzheimer's disease
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1986 • 269 citations
The olfactory bulbs in Alzheimer's disease.
1984 • 261 citations
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Brain cholinergic systems
1991 • 240 citations
Extensive loss of choline acetyltransferase activity is not reflected by neuronal loss in the nucleus of meynert in Alzheimer's disease
1982 • 239 citations
An atlas of the regional and laminar distribution of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in rat cerebral cortex
1989 • 237 citations
Genes expressed in the brain define three distinct neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
1988 • 232 citations
Neurotransmitter changes in alzheimer's disease: Implications to diagnostics and therapy
1990 • 225 citations
Differential Regulation of Molecular Subtypes of Muscarinic Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease
1995 • 221 citations
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1995 • 211 citations
Nucleus basalis neuronal loss, neuritic plaques and choline acetyltransferase activity in advanced Alzheimer's disease
1986 • 210 citations
Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in senile dementia of Alzheimer type: Selective loss of the intermediate (10S) form
1983 • 209 citations
The cholinergic systems in brain and spinal cord
1986 • 206 citations
Choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry in brains of alzheimer's disease patients and controls
1983 • 206 citations
Heterogeneity and selectivity of the degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain of patients with Alzheimer's disease
1993 • 201 citations
The substantia innominata in alzheimer's disease: an histochemical and biochemical study of cholinergic marker enzymes
1982 • 200 citations
Cortical cholinergic fibers in aging and Alzheimer's disease: A morphometric study
1989 • 198 citations
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1980 • 196 citations
Evidence for high affinity choline transport in synaptosomes prepared from hippocampus and neocortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease
1983 • 194 citations
Topography of the Magnocellular Basal Forebrain System in Human Brain
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A postmortem study of brain nicotinic receptors in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease
1991 • 191 citations
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1990 • 191 citations
The nucleus basalis of Meynert in neurological disease: A quantitative morphological study
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Reductions in [ 3 H]nicotinic acetylcholine binding in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease
1988 • 186 citations
Differential cholinergic innervation within functional subdivisions of the human cerebral cortex: A choline acetyltransferase study
1992 • 185 citations
[3H] pirenzepine selectively identifies a high affinity population of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the rat cerebral cortex
1982 • 184 citations
Cholinergic enzymes in neocortex, hippocampus and basal forebrain of non-neurological and senile dementia of alzheimer-type patients
1983 • 174 citations
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1984 • 173 citations
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1990 • 168 citations
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1986 • 161 citations
Neuroreceptor changes in Alzheimer disease.
1992 • 161 citations
Cholinergic innervation of the human striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus
1992 • 159 citations
Neuronal pathology in the nucleus basalis and associated cell groups in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type
1985 • 157 citations
THE NUCLEUS BASALIS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: CELL COUNTS AND CORTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
1983 • 157 citations
Convergent cholinergic activities in aging and Alzheimer's disease
1992 • 156 citations
Nicotinic cholinoceptive neurons of the frontal cortex are reduced in Alzheimer's disease
1991 • 149 citations
Pathological alterations in the amygdala in Alzheimer's disease
1990 • 149 citations
Cholinergic Receptors in Cognitive Disorders
1986 • 149 citations
Epibatidine and ABT 418 reveal selective losses of α4β2 nicotinic receptors in Alzheimer brains
1995 • 148 citations
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in human frontal cortex: Changes in Alzheimer's disease
1990 • 146 citations
Loss of high‐affinity agonist binding to M1 muscarinic receptors in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for the failure of cholinergic replacement therapies
1991 • 145 citations
Distribution of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in human brain: Alterations in dementia of the Alzheimer type
1986 • 144 citations
Muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic binding sites in alzheimer's disease cerebral cortex
1987 • 143 citations
Tacrine restores cholinergic nicotinic receptors and glucose metabolism in alzheimer patients as visualized by positron emission tomography
1992 • 142 citations
Decreased uptake and binding of11C-nicotine in brain of Alzheimer patients as visualized by positron emission tomography
1990 • 141 citations
A cytoarchitectonic and histochemical study of nucleus basalis and associated cell groups in the normal human brain
1984 • 130 citations
Cholinergic nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in dementia of Alzheimer, Parkinson and Lewy body types
1990 • 126 citations
The Distribution of Cerebral Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors In Vivo in Patients With Dementia
1991 • 125 citations
Cholinergic innervation of the human thalamus: Dual origin and differential nuclear distribution
1992 • 125 citations
Cholinergic receptor binding and autoradiography in brains of non-neurological and senile dementia of Alzheimer-type patients
1983 • 124 citations
The human amygdaloid complex: A cytologic and histochemical atlas using Nissl, myelin, acetylcholinesterase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase staining
1990 • 122 citations
The cholinergic system of the human hindbrain studied by choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry
1986 • 120 citations
Excitatory amino acid-releasing and cholinergic neurones in Alzheimer's disease
1986 • 118 citations
Alzheimer's disease : advances in clinical and basic research
1993 • 118 citations
Volumetric atrophy of the amygdala in Alzheimer's disease
1991 • 117 citations
Actions of snake venom toxins on neuronal nicotinic receptors and other neuronal receptors
1985 • 117 citations
Mapping of brain areas expressing RNA homologous to two different acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit cDNAs.
1986 • 112 citations
Induction of immune system mediators in the hippocampal formation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: Selective effects on specific interleukins and interleukin receptors
1994 • 111 citations
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New specific sensory structures in hairy skin
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Acetylcholine and choline levels in post-mortem human brain tissue: Preliminary observations in Alzheimer's disease
1980 • 104 citations
Immunohistochemical staining of cholinergic neurons in the human brain using a polyclonal antibody to human choline acetyltransferase
1985 • 102 citations
Postmortem stability of α-bungarotoxin binding sites in mouse and human brain
1981 • 101 citations
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1991 • 101 citations
Cholinergic receptors in human brain: Effects of aging and alzheimer disease
1990 • 100 citations
Neurotransmitter and Receptor Deficits in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type
1986 • 100 citations
Neurofibrillary degeneration of cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain in Alzheimer's disease
1986 • 99 citations
Neuronal size and density in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease
1987 • 99 citations
Muscarinic receptor subtypes in human neurodegenerative disorders: focus on Alzheimer's disease.
1989 • 98 citations
Prior parity reduces post-coital diurnal and nocturnal prolactin surges in rats
1993 • 97 citations
The pontomesencephalotegmental cholinergic system does not degenerate in Alzheimer's disease
1989 • 95 citations
Overlap between acetylcholinesterase-rich and choline acetyltransferase-positive (cholinergic) axons in human cerebral cortex
1992 • 94 citations
Nicotinic binding sites in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in alzheimer's dementia
1989 • 94 citations
Brain muscarinic receptors in senile dementia
1985 • 92 citations
Acetylcholinesterase‐rich pyramidal neurons in the human neocortex and hippocampus: Absence at birth, development during the life span, and dissolution in Alzheimer's disease
1988 • 90 citations
Distinctive, rapid, and easy labeling of diffuse plaques in the Alzheimer brains by a new methenamine silver stain
1990 • 89 citations
Chapter 30 Attempts to visualize nicotinic receptors in the brain of monkey and man by positron emission tomography
1989 • 88 citations
THE ROLE OF THE NUCLEUS BASALIS OF MEYNERT IN DEMENTIA: REVIEW AND RECONSIDERATION
1987 • 88 citations
The differential involvement of subcortical nuclei in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type.
1988 • 86 citations
Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in subcortical areas of normal and Alzheimer disease brain
1990 • 85 citations
Correlation between cortical plaque count and neuronal loss in the nucleus basalis in Alzheimer's disease
1984 • 81 citations
A post-mortem comparison of the cortical cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease
1983 • 80 citations
Nicotinic Receptors and Neurodegenerative Dementing Diseases
1995 • 79 citations
The Potential for Muscarinic Receptor Subtype-Specific Pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease
1991 • 77 citations
Characterization and quantitative autoradiographic distribution of [3H]acetylcholine muscarinic receptors in mammalian brain. Apparent labelling of an M2-like receptor sub-type
1989 • 77 citations
Regional patterns of cholinergic and glutamate activity in the developing and aging human brain
1993 • 77 citations
Brain muscarinic receptor subtypes are differently affected in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease
1989 • 76 citations
Neurotransmitter receptors in Alzheimer disease.
1993 • 75 citations
Decreased choline acetyltransferase mRNA expression in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer disease: an in situ hybridization study.
1992 • 75 citations
Olfactory bulb lesions in alzheimer's disease
1992 • 74 citations
Synaptic and non-synaptic cholinergic innervation of the various types of neurons in the main olfactory bulb of adult rat: Immunocytochemistry of choline acetyltransferase
1995 • 74 citations
Cholinergic markers in Alzheimer disease and the autoregulation of acetylcholine release.
1993 • 73 citations
Cellular distribution of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit mRNAs in the human cerebral cortex as revealed by non-isotopic in situ hybridization
1994 • 72 citations
Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Subtypes in Hippocampus in Human Cognitive Disorders
1988 • 71 citations
Cholinergic receptors in aging and Alzheimer's disease
1986 • 71 citations
Alzheimer's disease: An olfactory connection?
1988 • 70 citations
Choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity in the hippocampal formation of control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease
1989 • 70 citations
Cholinergic innervation in the human hippocampal formation including the entorhinal cortex
1994 • 69 citations
Clinical studies in Alzheimer patients with positron emission tomography
1993 • 69 citations
Differential alterations in muscarinic receptor subtypes in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for cholinergic-based therapies
1995 • 68 citations
Immunohistochemical staining of the human forebrain with monoclonal antibody to human choline acetyltransferase
1983 • 68 citations
Alzheimer's disease: Advances in clinical and basic research
1994 • 68 citations
Cholinergic System
1990 • 68 citations
Acetylcholinesterase fiber staining in the human hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus
1988 • 68 citations
Decreased muscarinic receptor binding in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in alzheimer's disease
1987 • 66 citations
Biochemical characterization of two nicotinic receptors from the optic lobe of the chick.
1985 • 66 citations
Striosomes and extrastriosomal matrix contain different amounts of immunoreactive choline acetyltransferase in the human striatum
1989 • 66 citations
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases
1995 • 66 citations
Coupling of ml Muscarinic Receptors to G Protein in Alzheimer Disease
1991 • 65 citations
Cholinergic innervation of the amygdaloid complex in the human brain and its alterations in old age and Alzheimer's disease
1993 • 65 citations
Guanine nucleotide modulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding in postmortem human brain — A preliminary study in Alzheimer's disease
1987 • 64 citations
Chapter 33 The cholinergic receptor system of the human brain: neurochemical and pharmacological aspects in aging and Alzheimer
1989 • 64 citations
In Vivo Imaging of Human Cerebral Acetylcholinesterase
1996 • 63 citations
Coupling of muscarinic receptors to GTP proteins in postmortem human brain — alterations in Alzheimer's disease
1993 • 62 citations
Alzheimer plaques and cortical cholinergic innervation
1986 • 62 citations
The Olfactory Bulb in Alzheimer Disease
1994 • 61 citations
Olfactory-related changes in Alzheimer's disease: A quantitative neuropathologic study
1993 • 61 citations
Distribution of neuronal nicotinic receptor subunits in human brain
1994 • 58 citations
Parameters of cholinergic neurotransmission in the thalamus in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease
1990 • 58 citations
A Brain Regional Analysis of Morphologic and Cholinergic Abnormalities in Alzheimer's Disease
1989 • 56 citations
Differential modification of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer's disease: an autoradiographic study
1988 • 53 citations
Increased muscarinic receptor messenger RNA in Alzheimer's disease temporal cortex demonstrated by in situ hybridization histochemistry
1991 • 53 citations
Receptor-mediated activation of G proteins is reduced in postmortem brains from Alzheimer's disease patients
1994 • 52 citations
Muscarinic Binding and Choline Acetyltransferase in Postmortem Brains of Demented Patients
1986 • 52 citations
Differential vulnerability of cholinergic projections to the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in senile dementia of Alzheimer type and progressive supranuclear palsy
1991 • 51 citations
Regional Alterations in M., Muscarinic Receptor-G Protein Coupling in Alzheimerʼs Disease
1995 • 51 citations
Diminished muscarinic receptor-stimulated [3H]-PIP2 hydrolysis in alzheimer's disease
1993 • 51 citations
Acetylcholinesterase fibers and the development of senile plaques
1987 • 50 citations
Choline acetylase in the developing nervous system of the rabbit and guinea‐pig
1956 • 50 citations
Biological markers and the cholinergic hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease
1992 • 50 citations
Structure and Function of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
1988 • 50 citations
MAMMALIAN BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
1966 • 49 citations
Immunohistochemical analyses of the human olfactory bulb
1993 • 48 citations
CHOLINERGIC INNERVATION IN THE HUMAN STRIATUM: A THREE-COMPARTMENT MODEL
1996 • 48 citations
Acetylcholinesterase staining of the human amygdala
1985 • 48 citations
VIP-sensitive adenylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase, muscarinic receptors, choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase, in brain tissue afflicted by alzheimer's disease/senile dementia of the Alzheimer type
1988 • 48 citations
Cholinergic innervation of olfactory glomeruli in the rat: An ultrastructural immunocytochemical study
1993 • 47 citations
A detailed anatomical analysis of neurotransmitter receptors in the putamen and caudate in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease
1994 • 46 citations
The occurrence of large acetylcholinesterase-containing neurons in human neostriatum as disclosed in normal and Alzheimer-diseased brains
1984 • 46 citations
A comparison of FDG PET and IQNB SPECT in normal subjects and in patients with dementia
1992 • 45 citations
Selective involvement of large neurons in the neostriatum of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: a morphometric investigation
1987 • 45 citations
Immunocytochemical distribution of peptidergic and cholinergic fibers in the human amygdala: their depletion in Alzheimer's disease and morphologic alteration in non-demented elderly with numerous senile plaques
1993 • 44 citations
Amino acid sequence of .kappa.-flavitoxin: establishment of a new family of snake venom neurotoxins
1988 • 43 citations
Studies on Neurotransmitter Binding in Senile Dementia
1984 • 43 citations
[3H]AF-DX 116 labels subsets of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain and heart
1987 • 43 citations
Biochemistry and Pathophysiology of the Molecular Forms of Cholinesterases
1988 • 42 citations
Quantitative imaging of neuroreceptors in the living human brain
1986 • 42 citations
Substance P-like immunoreactivity, choline acetyltransferase activity and cholinergic muscarinic receptors in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia
1990 • 41 citations
Reorganization of Cingulate Cortex in Alzheimer's Disease: Neuron Loss, Neuritic Plaques, and Muscarinic Receptor Binding
1992 • 41 citations
Correlative decrease of large neurons in the neostriatum and basal nucleus of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease
1989 • 41 citations
Monoaminergic and cholinergic synaptic markers in the nucleus basalis of meynert (nbM): Normal age‐related changes and the effect of heart disease and Alzheimer's disease
1992 • 39 citations
Differential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in normal and Alzheimer disease brain
1992 • 38 citations
Differential cholinergic regulation in Alzheimer's patients compared to controls following chronic blockade with scopolamine: a SPECT study
1995 • 36 citations
Thalamic nuclei in Alzheimer disease: evidence against the cholinergic hypothesis of plaque formation
1989 • 34 citations
Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive neurons in the human olfactory bulb
1988 • 34 citations
Some enzyme histochemical characteristics of the human hippocampus
1977 • 32 citations
Biochemical changes in the cholinergic system of the ageing brain and in senile dementia
1980 • 32 citations
Large neurons in the neostriatum in Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy: a topographic, histologic and ultrastructural investigation
1991 • 32 citations
Diminished [3H]inositol(1,4,5)P3 but not [3H]inositol(1,3,4,5)P4 binding in Alzheimer's disease brain
1995 • 31 citations
Alzheimer's disease: Is the decrease of the cholinergic innervation of the hippocampus related to intrinsic hippocampal pathology?
1992 • 31 citations
Neurotransmitters in the Human Brain
1995 • 31 citations
Quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical distributions of cholinergic and catecholaminergic systems in the human brain
1994 • 31 citations
Monoclonal antibodies to human brain acetylcholinesterase: properties and applications
1988 • 30 citations
Nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.
1987 • 30 citations
Comparison of the concentration of messenger RNA encoding four muscarinic receptor subtypes in control and Alzheimer brains
1992 • 27 citations
MOLECULAR FORMS OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IN ALZHEIMERʼS DISEASE
1986 • 27 citations
Immunocytochemical demonstration of axonal and perikaryal acetylcholinesterase in human cerebral cortex
1991 • 27 citations
Acetylcholinesterase‐containing Intrinsic Neurons in the Rat Main Olfactory Bulb: Cytological and Neurochemical Features
1994 • 27 citations
Functional and biochemical basis for multiple muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
1985 • 26 citations
α4 is a major acetylcholine binding subunit of cholinergic ligand affinity-purified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from rat brains
1991 • 26 citations
Neurochemical Deficits in Pathological Brain Aging: Specificity and Possible Relevance for Treatment Strategies
1990 • 26 citations
Muscarinic receptors and novel strategies for the treatment of age-related brain disorders
1994 • 25 citations
Alzheimer's disease. A critical review.
1988 • 24 citations
Compartmental ordering of cholinergic innervation in the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in human brain
1990 • 22 citations
Subcellular distribution of acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer’s disease: abnormal localization and solubilization
1990 • 21 citations
Acetylcholinesterase provides deeper insights into Alzheimer's disease
1994 • 21 citations
Cellular Distribution and Expression of Cortical Acetylcholine Receptors in Aging and Alzheimer's Diseasea
1991 • 21 citations
Relationships between Choline Acetyltransferase and Muscarinic Binding in Aging Rodent Brain and in Alzheimer’s Disease
1986 • 19 citations
Human striatal cholinergic neurons in development, aging and Alzheimer's disease
1990 • 17 citations
Mammalian Brain Acetylcholinesterase
2003 • 17 citations
Nucleus basalis neuronal loss and neuritic plaques in advanced Alzheimer's disease
1986 • 16 citations
Preservation of acetylcholine muscarinic M2 receptor G-protein interactions in the neocortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease
1995 • 14 citations
Neurotransmitters in the human brain
1996 • 14 citations
Somatostatin-14-like immunoreactive neurons and fibres in the human olfactory bulb
1988 • 14 citations
Cholinoceptive neurons without acetylcholinesterase activity and enzyme-positive neurons without cholinergic synaptic innervation are present in the main olfactory bulb of adult rat
1996 • 14 citations
Dynamics of Cholinergic function
1987 • 11 citations
Neuropathologic changes in the olfactory bulb in Alzheimer's disease.
1996 • 11 citations
Correlation of choline acetyltransferase activity between the nucleus basalis of Meynert and the cerebral cortex
1987 • 9 citations
Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors in Human Brain: Effects of Aging and Alzheimer
1991 • 9 citations
Correlation of choline acetyltransferase activity between the nucleus basalis of meynert and the cerebral cortex
1987 • 9 citations
Normal sequences of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (m1 and m2) in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
1994 • 8 citations
Neurotransmitter Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease
1995 • 8 citations
Examination of Cholinergic and Neuropeptide Receptor Alterations in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type (SDAT)
1986 • 7 citations
Muscarinic autoreceptors are differentially affected by selective muscarinic antagonists in rat hippocampus
1989 • 5 citations
Morphometric study on the CH4 of the nucleus basalis of meynert in Alzheimer’s disease
1991 • 5 citations
[New receptor ligands for single-photon emission tomography of the brain].
1992 • 1 citations