Follicular Dendritic Cells: Origin and Function

Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programed cell death

1993 • 6,009 citations

Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Tumor Regression by Induction of Apoptosis

1989 • 1,739 citations

Chromatin cleavage in apoptosis: Association with condensed chromatin morphology and dependence on macromolecular synthesis

1984 • 1,586 citations

Mechanism of antigen-driven selection in germinal centres

1989 • 1,097 citations

Maturation of the immune response in germinal centers

1991 • 904 citations

Enforced BCL2 expression in B-lymphoid cells prolongs antibody responses and elicits autoimmune disease.

1991 • 876 citations

Progression from lymphoid hyperplasia to high-grade malignant lymphoma in mice transgenic for the t(14;18)

1991 • 876 citations

Malignant Lymphomas Other than Hodgkin’s Disease

1978 • 871 citations

Mice lacking MHC class II molecules

1991 • 869 citations

Negative selection of lymphocytes

1994 • 810 citations

The Influence of Antigen Organization on B Cell Responsiveness

1993 • 701 citations

Tracing B cell development in human germinal centres by molecular analysis of single cells picked from histological sections.

1993 • 691 citations

Mutation Drift and Repertoire Shift in the Maturation of the Immune Response

1987 • 635 citations

NMDA receptors activate the arachidonic acid cascade system in striatal neurons

1988 • 600 citations

Cell Selection by Antigen in the Immune Response

1969 • 594 citations

Fas transduces activation signals in normal human T lymphocytes.

1993 • 521 citations

Differential expression of apoptosis-related Fas antigen on lymphocyte subpopulations in human peripheral blood.

1992 • 510 citations

The Follicular Dendritic Cell: Its Role in Antigen Presentation in the Generation of Immunological Memory

1980 • 490 citations

Germinal center cells express bcl‐2 protein after activation by signals which prevent their entry into apoptosis

1991 • 446 citations

B–cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen

1988 • 430 citations

Distribution of T cell subsets in human lymph nodes.

1981 • 420 citations

B-cell apoptosis induced by antigen receptor crosslinking is blocked by a T-cell signal through CD40

1993 • 390 citations

3 The normal and malignant germinal centre

1982 • 382 citations

Antigens in Immunity

1966 • 372 citations

In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. III. The kinetics of V region mutation and selection in germinal center B cells.

1993 • 367 citations

Costimulation of T cells for tumor immunity

1993 • 324 citations

Surface phenotype of Peyer's patch germinal center cells: implications for the role of germinal centers in B cell differentiation.

1982 • 320 citations

Inter- and intraclonal diversity in the antibody response to influenza hemagglutinin.

1985 • 319 citations

Boundaries of somatic mutation in rearranged immunoglobulin genes: 5' boundary is near the promoter, and 3' boundary is approximately 1 kb from V(D)J gene.

1990 • 318 citations

REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1969 • 315 citations

The Maintenance and Regulation of the Humoral Immune Response: Persisting Antigen and the Role of Follicular Antigen‐Binding Dendritic Cells as Accessory Cells

1980 • 313 citations

Vascular and nonvascular expression of INCAM-110. A target for mononuclear leukocyte adhesion in normal and inflamed human tissues.

1991 • 306 citations

Adhesion of human B cells to follicular dendritic cells involves both the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1/intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and very late antigen 4/vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 pathways.

1991 • 291 citations

Cyclic re-entry of germinal center B cells and the efficiency of affinity maturation

1993 • 283 citations

Fundamental immunology

1984 • 277 citations

Overview of the Mucosal Immune System

1989 • 272 citations

Passenger transgenes reveal intrinsic specificity of the antibody hypermutation mechanism: clustering, polarity, and specific hot spots.

1993 • 271 citations

Recombinant 25‐kDa CD23 and interleukin 1α promote the survival of germinal center B cells: evidence for bifurcation in the development of centrocytes rescued from apoptosis

1991 • 264 citations

CD40 ligand and its role in X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome

1993 • 257 citations

Human B Lymphocytes: Phenotype, Proliferation, and Differentiation

1992 • 255 citations

Microanatomy of Lymphoid Tissue During Humoral Immune Responses: Structure Function Relationships

1989 • 253 citations

Production of a monoclonal antibody reactive with human dendritic reticulum cells and its use in the immunohistological analysis of lymphoid tissue.

1983 • 248 citations

Follicular dendritic cell-dependent adhesion and proliferation of B cells in vitro.

1992 • 235 citations

The generation of memory cells. I. The role of C3 in the generation of B memory cells.

1977 • 235 citations

A novel in vivo follicular dendritic cell-dependent iccosome-mediated mechanism for delivery of antigen to antigen-processing cells.

1988 • 228 citations

Clonal recruitment and somatic mutation in the generation of immunological memory to the hapten NP.

1986 • 227 citations

Isolated human follicular dendritic cells display a unique antigenic phenotype.

1989 • 225 citations

The maturation of the immune response

1993 • 219 citations

Bcl-2 maintains B cell memory

1991 • 219 citations

Timing, Genetic Requirements and Functional Consequences of Somatic Hypermutation during B‐Cell Development

1987 • 218 citations

Immunoglobulin D (IgD)-deficient mice reveal an auxiliary receptor function for IgD in antigen-mediated recruitment of B cells.

1993 • 218 citations

Bcl-2: a repressor of lymphocyte death

1992 • 217 citations

Complement Dependence of Localisation of Aggregated IgG in Germinal Centres

1975 • 210 citations

Lymphoid tissue architecture. Experimental analysis of the origin and distribution of T-cells and B-cells.

1972 • 203 citations

Germinal centers develop oligoclonally

1987 • 201 citations

Molecular interactions mediating T-B lymphocyte collaboration in human lymphoid follicles. Roles of T cell-B-cell-activating molecule (5c8 antigen) and CD40 in contact-dependent help.

1992 • 194 citations

B cell growth factors and B cell differentiation factor from human T hybridomas. Two distinct kinds of B cell growth factor and their synergism in B cell proliferation.

1983 • 182 citations

Novel pathways of antigen presentation for the maintenance of memory

1991 • 173 citations

Effect of thymus cell injections on germinal center formation in lymphoid tissues of nude (thymusless) mice

1974 • 168 citations

Immunological Memory

1993 • 166 citations

Cytokine expression by germinal center cells.

1993 • 161 citations

Regulation of Human B-Cell Activation and Adhesion

1991 • 161 citations

The origin of follicular dendritic cells in the mouse and the mechanism of trapping of immune complexes on them

1984 • 160 citations

Ontogeny of the Mucosal Immune System and IgA Deficiency

1991 • 159 citations

Patterns of Somatic Mutations in Immunoglobulin Variable Genes

1987 • 158 citations

Germinal Centers in Immune Responses

1967 • 156 citations

Quantitative analysis of molecules which distinguish functional compartments within germinal centers

1993 • 155 citations

Somatic mutation and clonal expansion of B cells in an antigen-driven immune response.

1985 • 153 citations

Evolution of Antibody Variable Region Structure during the Immune Response

1987 • 149 citations

Development and follicular localization of tolerant B lymphocytes in lysozyme/anti-lysozyme lgM/lgD transgenic mice

1992 • 147 citations

B cell function in mice transgenic for mCTLA4-H gamma 1: lack of germinal centers correlated with poor affinity maturation and class switching despite normal priming of CD4+ T cells.

1994 • 136 citations

The immune complex: possible ways of regulating the antibody response

1990 • 134 citations

Ontogeny of the Immune Response

1964 • 133 citations

Tissue distribution of human NK cells studied with anti-Leu-7 monoclonal antibody.

1983 • 131 citations

A possible role for bcl-2 in regulating T-cell memory - a ‘balancing act’ between cell death and survival

1993 • 131 citations

Human dendritic reticulum cells of lymphoid follicles: Their antigenic profile and their identification as multinucleated giant cells

1982 • 130 citations

Lymphatic Tissues and in Vivo Immune Responses

1991 • 129 citations

Localization of 125I-Labeled Antigen in Germinal Centers of Mouse Spleen: Histologic and Ultrastructural Autoradiographic Studies of the Secondary Immune Reaction

1968 • 127 citations

The role of C3 in the immune response

1991 • 125 citations

In vivo obtained antigen presented by germinal center B cells to T cells in vitro.

1988 • 122 citations

Accumulation of somatic mutants in the B cell compartment after primary immunization with a T cell‐dependent antigen

1992 • 119 citations

Direct evidence that human follicular dendritic cells (FDC) rescue germinal centre B cells from death by apoptosis

1993 • 117 citations

Ligation of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules mediates apoptotic cell death in resting B lymphocytes.

1993 • 116 citations

The Cellular Basis of Immunologic Memory

1971 • 111 citations

Antigens in immunity. 8. Localization of 125-I-labelled antigens in the secondary response.

1965 • 108 citations

In vivo expression of the B7 costimulatory molecule by subsets of antigen-presenting cells and the malignant cells of Hodgkin's disease

1994 • 102 citations

The generation of memory cells. IV. Immunization with antigen-antibody complexes accelerates the development of B-memory cells, the formation of germinal centres and the maturation of antibody affinity in the secondary response.

1981 • 101 citations

Cultured human follicular dendritic cells. Growth characteristics and interactions with B lymphocytes.

1992 • 100 citations

Antibody-forming cell induction during an early phase of germinal centre development and its delay with ageing.

1989 • 99 citations

The origin of the dendritic reticulum cell

1980 • 98 citations

Induction by anti‐CD40 antibody or soluble CD40 ligand and cytokines of IgG, IgA and IgE production by B cells from patients with X‐linked hyper IgM syndrome

1993 • 96 citations

The Fc‐Receptor: Its Role in the Transmission of Differentiation Signals¹

1980 • 94 citations

Two functionally different follicular dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid follicles of mouse spleen, as revealed by CR1/2 and FcR gamma II-mediated immune-complex trapping.

1993 • 93 citations

Tolerance susceptibility of newly generating memory B cells.

1991 • 88 citations

The localization of aggregated human -globulin in the spleens of normal mice.

1973 • 88 citations

Functional analysis of cloned germinal center CD4+ cells with natural killer cell-related features. Divergence from typical T helper cells.

1986 • 86 citations

Follicular dendritic cells help resting B cells to become effective antigen-presenting cells: induction of B7/BB1 and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.

1993 • 86 citations

Germinal center T cells are distinct helper-inducer T cells

1991 • 84 citations

Isolation of follicular dendritic cells from human tonsils and adenoids. II. Immunocytochemical characterization

1984 • 82 citations

Expression of ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1 and ELAM‐1 in angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease): evidence for dysplasia of follicular dendritic reticulum cells

1991 • 82 citations

Peroxidase-positive mononuclear leukocytes as possible precursors of human dendritic reticulum cells.

1983 • 79 citations

Dual antigen recognition by B cells

1993 • 79 citations

Nectadrin, the heat-stable antigen, is a cell adhesion molecule.

1992 • 77 citations

The distribution and possible significance of cells identified in human lymphoid tissue by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1.

1983 • 75 citations

The Central Role of Follicular Dendritic Cells in Lymphoid Tissues

1992 • 75 citations

Virgin B cell recruitment and the lifespan of memory clones during antibody responses to 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐hemocyanin

1986 • 75 citations

Ontogenic development of T and B cells and non-lymphoid cells in the white pulp of human spleen.

1986 • 74 citations

Isolation and long-term cultivation of human tonsil follicular dendritic cells

1990 • 71 citations

Evolution of antibody structure during the immune response. The differentiative potential of a single B lymphocyte.

1989 • 71 citations

Isolation of follicular dendritic cells from human tonsils and adenoids. I. Procedure and morphological characterization

1984 • 70 citations

The ontogenetic development of the follicular dendritic cell

1984 • 69 citations

Signals Involved in Germinal Center Reactions

1992 • 68 citations

Immunophenotypic analysis of neoplastic cells in follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.

1987 • 67 citations

GAMMA GLOBULIN AND ANTIBODY FORMATION IN VITRO

1962 • 67 citations

Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of the IgD⁻ B cell compartment: identification of two major tonsillar B cell subsets

1993 • 65 citations

Transfer of immune complexes from lymphocytes to follicular dendritic cells

1986 • 65 citations

Reaction of germinal centers in the T-cell-independent response to the bacterial polysaccharide alpha(1-->6)dextran.

1994 • 64 citations

Structure of the non-lymphoid cells during the postnatal development of the rat lymph nodes

1983 • 63 citations

Recruitment of virgin B cells into an immune response is restricted to activation outside lymphoid follicles.

1988 • 60 citations

Lymphocyte Fc receptors: the special case of T cells

1993 • 60 citations

Interrelationships of Surface Immunoglobulin and Fc Receptors on Mouse B Lymphocytes

1975 • 58 citations

ONTOGENY OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1966 • 57 citations

Isolation of follicular dendritic cells from human tonsils and adenoids. V. Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation

1986 • 56 citations

Compartmentalization of the Peripheral Immune System

1993 • 55 citations

Germinal centre formation and follicular antigen trapping in the spleen of lethally X-irradiated and reconstituted rats.

1986 • 54 citations

The efficiency of antibody affinity maturation: can the rate of B-cell division be limiting?

1990 • 54 citations

Distribution and heterogeneity of cells detected by HNK-1 monoclonal antibody in blood and tissues in normal, reactive and neoplastic conditions.

1984 • 54 citations

Retention of intact HSA for prolonged periods in the popliteal lymph nodes of specifically immunized mice

1979 • 53 citations

Leu 7+(HNK-l+) Cells.

1983 • 52 citations

Cellular Interactions in the Germinal Center: Role of Adhesion Receptors and Significance for the Pathogenesis of AIDS and Malignant Lymphoma

1992 • 52 citations

Human follicular dendritic cells (FDC): a study with monoclonal antibodies (MoAb).

1986 • 51 citations

Dark and light zones of germinal centres of the human tonsil: an ultrastructural study with emphasis on heterogeneity of follicular dendritic cells

1992 • 49 citations

Co‐cross‐linking of surface immunoglobulin Fcγ receptors on B lymphocytes uncouples the antigen receptors from their associated G protein

1989 • 47 citations

B-cell production and differentiation in adult rats.

1985 • 46 citations

Isolation of follicular dendritic cells from human tonsils and adenoids. III. Analysis of their Fc receptors.

1985 • 45 citations

Non-Lymphatic Cells in the Lymph Node Cortex of the Mouse

1980 • 43 citations

The Path of Memory B‐Cell Development

1992 • 42 citations

Immunohistochemical detection of co-localizing cytokine and antibody producing cells in the extrafollicular area of human palatine tonsils

1993 • 41 citations

Lymph Node Macrophages

1980 • 41 citations

Ontogenetic aspects of immune-complex trapping in the spleen and popliteal lymph nodes of the rat

1982 • 39 citations

The functional state of follicular dendritic cells in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice: Role of the lymphocytes

1994 • 39 citations

Precise localization of antigens on follicular dendritic cells

1984 • 38 citations

B cell differentiation induced by helper T cell membranes: evidence for sequential isotype switching and a requirement for lymphokines during proliferation

1994 • 37 citations

Molecular interactions mediating T-B lymphocyte collaboration in human lymphoid follicles. Roles of T cell-B-cell-activating molecule (5c8 antigen) and CD40 in contact-dependent help.Lederman S, Yellin MJ, Inghirami G, Lee JJ, Knowles DM, Chess L.

1992 • 36 citations

Optimizing follicular dendritic cell isolation by discontinuous gradient centrifugation and use of the magnetic cell sorter (MACS)

1993 • 36 citations

Proliferation of Germinal Center B Lymphocytes in vitro by Direct Membrane Contact with Follicular Dendritic Cells

1991 • 35 citations

Subclass specificity of Fc gamma receptor-mediated inhibition of mouse B cell activation.

1985 • 33 citations

Retention of Immune Complexes by Fc Receptors on Mouse Follicular Dendritic Cells

1985 • 32 citations

Localization of interleukin 6 mRNA in human tonsils by in situ hybridization

1989 • 31 citations

B lymphocyte differentiation in lethally irradiated and reconstituted mice

1978 • 31 citations

Complement activation in the follicular light zone of human lymphoid tissues.

1992 • 30 citations

The Cellular Basis of Immunologic Memory

2015 • 29 citations

The distribution of cells expressing a natural killer cell marker (HNK-1) in normal human lymphoid organs and malignant lymphomas

1983 • 28 citations

Follicular dendritic cells: whose children?

1994 • 28 citations

New Strategies for Oral Immunization

1989 • 28 citations

Moabs MAS516 and 5B5, two fibroblast markers, recognize human follicular dendritic cells

1994 • 26 citations

Function of the follicular dendritic cell in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles.

1986 • 26 citations

Anamnestic responses induced by antigen persisting on follicular dendritic cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice.

1984 • 25 citations

Follicular dendritic cells inhibit human B-lymphocyte proliferation

1992 • 24 citations

Human Germinal Center CD4⁺CD57⁺T Cells Act Differently On B Cells Than Do Classical T-Helper Cells

1994 • 24 citations

Does the availability of either B cells or CD4+ cells limit germinal centre formation?

1990 • 24 citations

Influence of membrane Ig receptor density and affinity on B cell signaling by antigen. Implications for affinity maturation.

1993 • 24 citations

Isolation and characterization of Leu 7+ germinal-center cells with the T helper-cell phenotype and granular lymphocyte morphology

1986 • 24 citations

Is the follicular dendritic cell a primarily stationary cell?

1992 • 23 citations

INNUNOCYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE CONSTITUENT CELLS OF THE SECONDARY NODULES IN HUMAN TONSILS

1980 • 22 citations

Radioautographic Studies of Reticular and Lymphoid Cells in Germinal Centers of Lymph Nodes

1967 • 21 citations

Emperipolesis of lymphoid cells by human follicular dendritic cells in vitro

1992 • 20 citations

Follicular dendritic cells in non-Hodgkin lymphomas: Localisation, characterisation and pathophysiological aspects

1991 • 19 citations

Identification of Alkaline Phosphatase Positive Cells in Human Germinal Centres as Follicular Dendritic Cells

1988 • 19 citations

Protection of germinal centres from complement attack: Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is a constitutive protein on follicular dendritic cells. A study in reactive and neoplastic follicles

1993 • 18 citations

The initiation of germinal centre reactivity

1991 • 18 citations

Oral Tonsils: An Immunoperoxidase Study

1982 • 17 citations

Is the immune system a functional idiotypic network?

1986 • 17 citations

Selection of B cell clones and memory B cells.

1992 • 16 citations

Suppression of follicular trapping of antigen-antibody complexes in mice treated with anti-IgM or anti-IgD antibodies from birth.

1984 • 15 citations

Colloidal gold, a useful marker for antigen localization on follicular dendritic cells

1983 • 15 citations

The Germinal Center Precursor Cell is Surface μ and σ Positive

1988 • 14 citations

Isolation of Follicular Dendritic Cells from Human Tonsils and Adenoids. in Vitro Culture

1988 • 13 citations

Antigen presentation to B cells

1991 • 13 citations

Influence of immunoglobulin isotypes and lymphoid cell phenotype on the transfer of immune complexes to follicular dendritic cells

1987 • 13 citations

Cytokines produced in lymph follicles

1989 • 13 citations

Cellular Origin of Follicular Dendritic Cells

1994 • 12 citations

Idiotypic networks: a noisy background or a breakthrough in immunological thinking? The broken mirror hypothesis.

1986 • 12 citations

Are Peyer's patch germinal centre reactions different from those occurring in other lymphoid tissues?

1991 • 12 citations

Non-Lymphatic Cells in the Lymph Node Cortex of the Mouse

1980 • 11 citations

B lymphocyte activation: the transferrin receptor as a prototype intermediate activation molecule.

1990 • 10 citations

Cellular interactions during the germinal centre response

1991 • 8 citations

Immunocytological Characterization of the Constituent Cells of the Secondary Nodules in Human Tonsils — II

1982 • 8 citations

Cellular components involved in the germinal centre reaction

1991 • 8 citations

Antigen/Antibody Retention by Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDC)

1985 • 6 citations

Follicular Dendritic Cells: Isolation Procedures, Short and Long Term Cultures

1993 • 6 citations

Human Germinal Centre B Cells Inhibit Mitogen‐Induced proliferation of Mantle Zone B Cells

1992 • 6 citations

Cellular interactions within the germinal centre

1991 • 6 citations

The role of antigens, antibodies and immune complexes in the functional activity of germinal centres

1991 • 5 citations

The germinal centre: a monastery or a bar?

1991 • 5 citations

The generation of germinal centers

1987 • 5 citations

Interactions Between Follicular Dendritic Cells and Lymphoid Cells

1988 • 5 citations

Localization Patterns of Germinal Center Cell Subsets Differing in Density and in Sedimentation Velocity

1982 • 4 citations

Ultrastructure of CD57+ cells isolated from human tonsils or blood.

1993 • 4 citations

[Influence of follicular dendritic cells on the survival of lymphocytes in vitro].

1986 • 4 citations

GERMINAL-CENTERS AND THE IMMUNE-RESPONSE - DISCUSSION

1991 • 2 citations

Memory B Cells but not Virgin B Cells are Activated in Germinal Centers

1988 • 2 citations

IL6 and IL4: localization and production in human tonsils

1991 • 2 citations

Expression and Function of Drc-1 Antigen

1994 • 1 citations

Microenvironments during antigen stimulation

1990 • 1 citations