The Role of the l-arginine: Nitric Oxide Pathway in Circulatory Shock

Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology.

1991 • 15,563 citations

The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine

1980 • 12,033 citations

Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor

1987 • 10,774 citations

Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells

1992 • 4,437 citations

Nitric oxide: an endogenous modulator of leukocyte adhesion.

1991 • 3,079 citations

Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism

1991 • 2,276 citations

Characterization of three inhibitors of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vitro and in vivo

1990 • 1,869 citations

Role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the regulation of blood pressure.

1989 • 1,837 citations

Multiple Defects of Immune Cell Function in Mice with Disrupted Interferon-γ Genes

1993 • 1,753 citations

Negative Inotropic Effects of Cytokines on the Heart Mediated by Nitric Oxide

1992 • 1,635 citations

Immune Response in Mice that Lack the Interferon-γ Receptor

1993 • 1,570 citations

Role of nitric oxide synthesis in macrophage antimicrobial activity

1991 • 1,547 citations

Perspectives in platelet-activating factor research.

1987 • 1,383 citations

Nitric oxide synthase structure and mechanism

1993 • 1,342 citations

Glucocorticoids inhibit the expression of an inducible, but not the constitutive, nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelial cells.

1990 • 1,117 citations

The induction and suppression of prostaglandin H2 synthase (cyclooxygenase) in human monocytes.

1990 • 940 citations

Anti-inflammatory steroids induce biosynthesis of a phospholipase A2 inhibitor which prevents prostaglandin generation

1979 • 928 citations

Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on hypotension in patients with septic shock

1991 • 873 citations

Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase Characterization and purification from different cell types

1991 • 827 citations

Interleukin 10 reduces the release of tumor necrosis factor and prevents lethality in experimental endotoxemia.

1993 • 821 citations

Tumor necrosis factor downregulates an endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA by shortening its half-life.

1993 • 778 citations

<scp>l</scp>‐N^G‐nitro arginine (<scp>l</scp>‐NOARG), a novel, <scp>l</scp>‐arginine‐reversible inhibitor of endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation in vitro

1990 • 769 citations

Chronic blockade of nitric oxide synthesis in the rat produces systemic hypertension and glomerular damage.

1992 • 740 citations

Selective inhibition of the inducible nitric oxide synthase by aminoguanidine

1993 • 734 citations

Blocking IL-1: interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro

1991 • 729 citations

Induction of nitric oxide synthase by cytokines in vascular smooth muscle cells

1990 • 700 citations

NG-methyl-L-arginine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced hypotension: implications for the involvement of nitric oxide.

1990 • 657 citations

Control of cardiac muscle cell function by an endogenous nitric oxide signaling system.

1993 • 656 citations

Widespread tissue distribution, species distribution and changes in activity of Ca²⁺‐dependent and Ca²⁺‐independent nitric oxide synthases

1991 • 645 citations

Hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis: a role for nitric oxide?

1991 • 627 citations

Induction and potential biological relevance of a Ca²⁺‐independent nitric oxide synthase in the myocardium

1992 • 623 citations

Nitric oxide synthase regulatory sites. Phosphorylation by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium/calmodulin protein kinase; identification of flavin and calmodulin binding sites.

1992 • 621 citations

Nitrogen Oxide Levels in Patients After Trauma and During Sepsis

1991 • 609 citations

Dexamethasone prevents the induction by endotoxin of a nitric oxide synthase and the associated effects on vascular tone: An insight into endotoxin shock

1990 • 596 citations

Protective and pathological roles of nitric oxide in endotoxin shock

1992 • 594 citations

Nitric oxide modulates microvascular permeability

1992 • 564 citations

Reversal of endotoxin-mediated shock by NG-methyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis

1990 • 562 citations

Signal transduction mechanisms involving nitric oxide

1991 • 538 citations

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis reduces the hypotension induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides in the rat in vivo

1990 • 536 citations

NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester and other alkyl esters of arginine are muscarinic receptor antagonists.

1993 • 521 citations

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by methylene blue

1993 • 519 citations

Serial cardiovascular variables in survivors and nonsurvivors of human septic shock

1987 • 502 citations

Evidence for cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthesis from L-arginine in patients receiving interleukin-2 therapy.

1992 • 494 citations

Endogenous glucocorticoids regulate an inducible cyclooxygenase enzyme.

1992 • 471 citations

Loss of vascular responsiveness induced by endotoxin involves L-arginine pathway

1990 • 462 citations

Abnormal contractile function due to induction of nitric oxide synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes follows exposure to activated macrophage-conditioned medium.

1993 • 457 citations

Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase in macrophages

1990 • 455 citations

Tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. An absolute requirement for cytokine-induced nitric oxide generation by vascular smooth muscle.

1992 • 444 citations

Endotoxin levels measured by a chromogenic assay in portal, hepatic and peripheral venous blood in patients with cirrhosis

1988 • 430 citations

Nitric oxide‐mediated hyporeactivity to noradrenaline precedes the induction of nitric oxide synthase in endotoxin shock

1993 • 402 citations

Differential induction of brain, lung and liver nitric oxide synthase by endotoxin in the rat

1990 • 399 citations

Feedback inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity by nitric oxide

1993 • 396 citations

Effect of exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide on mitochondrial respiration of rat hepatocytes

1991 • 395 citations

Cytokine-activated endothelial cells express an isotype of nitric oxide synthase which is tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent, calmodulin-independent and inhibited by arginine analogs with a rank-order of potency characteristic of activated macrophages

1991 • 391 citations

Anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids inhibit the induction by endotoxin of nitric oxide synthase in the lung, liver and aorta of the rat

1990 • 389 citations

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase by interferon-γ in murine macrophages

1992 • 384 citations

Role of nitric oxide in maintaining vascular integrity in endotoxin‐induced acute intestinal damage in the rat

1990 • 369 citations

Vascular hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictor agents and hemodynamic decompensation in hemorrhagic shock is mediated by nitric oxide.

1993 • 357 citations

Inhibition of nitric oxide production. Mechanisms of vascular albumin leakage.

1993 • 352 citations

Molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide regulation. Potential relevance to cardiovascular disease.

1993 • 339 citations

Differential regulation of lipopolysaccharide‐induced interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor synthesis: effects of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids and the role of the pituitary‐adrenal axis

1989 • 328 citations

Nitric oxide production within cardiac myocytes reduces their contractility in endotoxemia

1992 • 327 citations

Endogenously synthesized nitric oxide prevents endotoxin-induced glomerular thrombosis.

1992 • 324 citations

Characterization of the <scp>l</scp>‐arginine: nitric oxide pathway in human platelets

1990 • 311 citations

Human neutrophils and mononuclear cells inhibit platelet aggregation by releasing a nitric oxide-like factor.

1989 • 311 citations

Does Nitric Oxide Mediate Autoimmune Destruction of β-Cells?: Possible Therapeutic Interventions in IDDM

1992 • 299 citations

Corticosteroids inhibit complement-induced granulocyte aggregation. A possible mechanism for their efficacy in shock states.

1979 • 284 citations

Macrophage and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthesis: Cell-type selective inhibition by NG-aminoarginine, NG-nitroarginine and NG-methylarginine

1990 • 277 citations

Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor synergize to induce nitric oxide production and inhibit mitochondrial respiration in vascular smooth muscle cells.

1992 • 276 citations

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis during endotoxemia promotes intrahepatic thrombosis and an oxygen radical-mediated hepatic injury

1992 • 274 citations

Multiple Cytokines Are Required to Induce Hepatocyte Nitric Oxide Production and Inhibit Total Protein Synthesis

1990 • 273 citations

Overproduction of Nitric Oxide in Cytokine-Mediated and Septic Shock

1992 • 271 citations

Interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐10 inhibit nitric oxide‐dependent macrophage killing of Candida albicans

1993 • 260 citations

Identification of N‐iminoethyl‐<scp>l</scp>‐ornithine as an irreversible inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase in phagocytic cells

1991 • 258 citations

Constitutive nitric oxide synthase from cerebellum is reversibly inhibited by nitric oxide formed from L-arginine

1992 • 254 citations

Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Inhibits Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Rat Alveolar Macrophages

1993 • 249 citations

Effects of inhibiting nitric oxide biosynthesis on the systemic and splanchnic circulation of rats with portal hypertension

1992 • 240 citations

The role of nitric oxide in endothelial cell damage and its inhibition by glucocorticoids

1992 • 233 citations

Production and clearance of tumor necrosis factor in rats exposed to endotoxin and dexamethasone

1987 • 196 citations

Incubation with endotoxin activates the L-arginine pathway in vascular tissue

1990 • 193 citations

Immediate release of a nitric oxide-like factor from bovine aortic endothelial cells by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide.

1990 • 191 citations

Cytokines and their interactions with other inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock

1991 • 188 citations

Role of tumour necrosis factor in the induction of nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of endotoxin shock

1993 • 186 citations

Hemorrhage induces an increase in serum TNF which is not associated with elevated levels of endotoxin

1990 • 186 citations

Immunosuppression induced by nitric oxide and its inhibition by interleukin‐4

1992 • 172 citations

Differential alterations in plasma IL-6 and TNF levels after trauma and hemorrhage

1991 • 167 citations

Induction of nitric oxide synthase in rat peritoneal neutrophils and its inhibition by dexamethasone

1991 • 161 citations

The effect of inhibitors of the <scp>l</scp>‐arginine/nitric oxide pathway on endotoxin‐induced loss of vascular responsiveness in anaesthetized rats

1991 • 158 citations

The Role of Nitric Oxide in Endotoxic Shock: Effects of NG-Monomethyl-L-Arginine

1992 • 157 citations

Modulation of the induction of nitric oxide synthase by eicosanoids in the murine macrophage cell line J774

1992 • 148 citations

NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA) restores arterial blood pressure but reduces cardiac output in a canine model of endotoxic shock

1991 • 147 citations

Reversal of hyperdynamic response to continuous endotoxin administration by inhibition of NO synthesis

1992 • 143 citations

Nitric oxide synthase inhibition reverses arteriolar hyporesponsiveness to endothelin-1 in septic rats

1997 • 142 citations

Endogenous and exogenous catecholamines in critical care medicine

1982 • 137 citations

Selective inhibition of endothelium-dependent vasodilator capacity by Escherichia coli endotoxemia.

1993 • 135 citations

Myocardial and circulatory effects of E. coli endotoxin; modification of responses to catecholamines

1973 • 135 citations

Protective effect of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine in endotoxin-induced acute intestinal damage in the rat

1990 • 133 citations

Induction by endotoxin of nitric oxide synthase in the rat mesentery: lack of effect on action of vasoconstrictors

1993 • 133 citations

Increased Circulating Nitrogen Oxides After Human Tumor Immunotherapy: Correlation With Toxic Hemodynamic Changes

1992 • 129 citations

Nitric oxide mediates tumor necrosis factor-α cytotoxicity in endothelial cells

1992 • 127 citations

Corticosteroids block binding of chemotactic peptide to its receptor on granulocytes and cause disaggregation of granulocyte aggregates in vitro.

1981 • 123 citations

Detection of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats by ESR using carbon monoxide hemoglobin

1992 • 115 citations

Angiotensin II, vasopressin, and sympathetic activity in conscious rats with endotoxemia

1985 • 114 citations

Inactivation of macrophage nitric oxide synthase activity by NG-Methyl-L-arginine

1991 • 111 citations

Diminution of contractile response of the aorta from endotoxin-injected rats

1987 • 111 citations

The role of protein kinase C in the induction of nitric oxide synthesis by murine macrophages

1992 • 110 citations

In vitro hyporeactivity to methoxamine in portal hypertensive rats: reversal by nitric oxide blockade

1992 • 110 citations

Endogenous endothelium-derived relaxing factor opposes hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and supports blood flow to hypoxic alveoli in anesthetized rabbits.

1992 • 104 citations

Influence of corticosteroids on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vitro

1976 • 103 citations

Prolonged exposure of rat aorta to low levels of endotoxin in vitro results in impaired contractility. Association with vascular cytokine release.

1990 • 102 citations

PAF/cytokine auto-generated feedback networks in microvascular immune injury: consequences in shock, ischemia and graft rejection.

1989 • 100 citations

The involvement of endothelium‐derived relaxing factor in the regulation of renal cortical blood flow in the rat

1991 • 99 citations

Cardiovascular actions of inhibitors of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide) formation/release in anesthetized dogs

1991 • 95 citations

Support of renal blood flow after ischaemic‐reperfusion injury by endogenous formation of nitric oxide and of cyclo‐oxygenase vasodilator metabolites

1993 • 91 citations

Nitric oxide inhalation attenuates pulmonary hypertension and improves gas exchange in endotoxin shock

1993 • 86 citations

The Cytokine Network in the Critically Ill

1992 • 86 citations

Purification of a distinctive form of endotoxin-induced nitric oxide synthase from rat liver.

1992 • 84 citations

Endothelial cell dysfunction occurs very early following trauma-hemorrhage and persists despite fluid resuscitation

1993 • 77 citations

Nitric oxide hemoglobin in mice and rats in endotoxic shock

1991 • 76 citations

Nitric oxide modulates vascular permeability in the rat coronary circulation

1993 • 75 citations

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis improves survival in a murine peritonitis model of sepsis that is not cured by antibiotics alone

1992 • 74 citations

EndotoxinIn VivoImpairs Endothelium-dependent Relaxation of Canine ArteriesIn Vitro

1990 • 73 citations

Diminished pressor response to exogenous norepinephrine and angiotensin II in septic, unanesthetized rats: Evidence for a prostaglandin-mediated effect

1985 • 72 citations

Prevention of alloimmunization against platelets [editorial]

1991 • 72 citations

Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity by toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in a macrophage-monocyte cell line.

1992 • 71 citations

Interleukin-8 inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase in rat peritoneal neutrophils

1992 • 68 citations

Coronary vasodilatation induced by endotoxin in the rabbit isolated perfused heart is nitric oxide‐dependent and inhibited by dexamethasone

1991 • 66 citations

Biosynthesis and interaction of endothelium-derived vasoactive mediators.

1991 • 66 citations

Evidence for a Role of Nitric Oxide in Hypovolemic Hemorrhagic Shock

1992 • 66 citations

Platelet activating factor (PAF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) interactions in endotoxemic shock: studies with BN 50739, a novel PAF antagonist.

1990 • 65 citations

Nitric oxide synthase inhibition reverses arteriolar hyporesponsiveness to catecholamines in septic rats

1993 • 63 citations

Induction of macrophage parasiticidal activity by Staphylococcus aureus and exotoxins through the nitric oxide synthesis pathway.

1993 • 61 citations

Endotoxin and TNFα directly stimulate nitric oxide formation in cultured rat hepatocytes from chronically endotoxemic rats

1992 • 58 citations

Porcine ventricular endocardial cells in culture express the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase

1993 • 57 citations

Characterization of cell selectivity of two novel inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis

1992 • 57 citations

An inhibitor of nitric oxide production, NGnitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, improves survival in anaphylactic shock

1991 • 57 citations

Induction of nitric oxide synthase in L929 cells by tumour-necrosis factor α is prevented by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase

1992 • 55 citations

Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases in human megakaryoblastic cells.

1992 • 53 citations

Evidence for the involvement of a plasma kallikrein‐kinin system in the immediate hypotension produced by endotoxin in anaesthetized rats

1989 • 51 citations

Cutaneous and skeletal muscle vascular responses to hemorrhage and irreversible shock

1967 • 49 citations

Involvement of nitric oxide pathway in the PAF‐induced relaxation of rat thoracic aorta

1992 • 48 citations

Glucocorticoids inhibit endorphin synthesis by pituitary cells

1979 • 46 citations

Endothelium-Derived Kinins Account for the Immediate Response of Endothelial Cells to Bacterial Lipopoly saccharide

1992 • 45 citations

Lipoteichoic Acid: A New Inducer of Nitric Oxide Synthase

1992 • 43 citations

Vascular adrenergic interactions during hemorrhagic shock.

1985 • 42 citations

Effect of dexamethasone on the onset and persistence of vascular hyporeactivity induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide in rats.

1993 • 41 citations

Endothelial Cell Dysfunction Occurs after Hemorrhage in Nonheparinized but Not in Preheparinized Models

1993 • 41 citations

Nitric oxide inhibition in rats improves blood pressure and renal function during hypovolemic shock

1991 • 38 citations

Inhibition of the production of nitric oxide and vasodilator prostaglandins attenuates the cardiovascular response to bacterial endotoxin in adrenalectomized rats

1993 • 37 citations

An L-arginine-derived factor mediates endotoxin-induced vascular hyposensitivity to calcium

1990 • 37 citations

The role of induction of nitric oxide synthesis in the altered responses of jugular veins from endotoxaemic rabbits

1992 • 33 citations

Endothelium-dependent relaxant action of platelet activating factor in the rat mesenteric artery

1990 • 32 citations

Tumor necrosis factor-α induces vascular hyporesposiveness in sprague-dawley rats

1992 • 30 citations

Differential effects of monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon on induction of hepatic nitric oxide synthase in experimental gram-negative sepsis

1992 • 29 citations

Hemorrhagic hypotension impairs endothelium-dependent relaxations in the renal artery of the cat.

1992 • 29 citations

A simple turbidimetric time assay of the endotoxin in plasma

1989 • 29 citations

Protective actions of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock.

1992 • 29 citations

Synergistic stimulation of nitric oxide hemoglobin production in rats by recombinant interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor

1992 • 28 citations

Splanchnic vascular endothelial dysfunction in rat endotoxemia: role of superoxide radicals

1992 • 27 citations

Failure of microscopic metarterioles to elicit vasodilator responses to acetylcholine, bradykinin, histamine and substance P after ischemic shock, endotoxemia and trauma: possible role of endothelial cells.

1985 • 26 citations

Prevention of nitric oxide synthase induction in vascular smooth muscle cells by microtubule depolymerizing agents

1993 • 26 citations

Role of the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the changes in cerebrovascular reactivity following hemorrhagic hypotension and retransfusion.

1992 • 26 citations

Plasma concentrations of endotoxin following jugular or portal injections of endotoxin and following gastrointestinal ischemia due to hemorrhage.

1991 • 21 citations

Thrombin inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in vascular smooth muscle cells

1993 • 20 citations

Regional differences in the effects of septic shock on vascular reactivity in the rabbit.

1992 • 20 citations

Activated neutrophils inhibit cerebrovascular endothelium-dependent relaxations

1991 • 19 citations

NG-methyl-L-arginine restores arterial pressure in hemorrhaged rats.

1993 • 17 citations

Platelet-activating factor and cytokine interactions in shock

1989 • 16 citations

The cardiodepressant and vasodepressant effects of tumour necrosis factor in rat isolated atrial and aortic tissues

1992 • 13 citations

THE EFFECTS OF RENIN AND ANGIOTONIN DURING HEMORRHAGIC HYPOTENSION AND SHOCK

1944 • 11 citations

Effect of hemorrhagic hypotension on cerebrovascular reactivity and ultrastructure in the cat.

1991 • 8 citations

The Role of Interleukin-1 in Septic Shock

1992 • 7 citations

Changes of Contractile and Endothelium-Dependent Relaxant Responses Following a 2-H Hemorrhagic Hypotension in Cats

1991 • 6 citations

Effect of hemorrhagic shock on release of norepinephrine by tyramine

1964 • 6 citations

A Role for Interleukin-1 in Septic Shock

1993 • 4 citations