Learning theory and the symbolic processes.

A Mathematical Theory of Communication

1948 • 39,028 citations

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

2017 • 18,931 citations

Mind, Self and Society

1934 • 10,724 citations

Science and Human Behavior

1953 • 9,622 citations

The origins of intelligence in children.

1952 • 9,556 citations

The Measurement of Meaning

1957 • 8,915 citations

The organization of behavior

1988 • 8,668 citations

A Treatise of Human Nature

1970 • 8,342 citations

FOUNDATIONS OF STATISTICS

2001 • 7,247 citations

Theory of probability

1939 • 6,981 citations

Human behavior and the principle of least effort

1949 • 6,889 citations

Cognitive maps in rats and men.

1948 • 6,217 citations

The Stress of Life

1956 • 5,480 citations

The Design of Experiments

1935 • 4,362 citations

Client-Centered Therapy

1951 • 4,235 citations

The Integrative Action of the Nervous System.

1907 • 4,174 citations

Social learning and clinical psychology.

1954 • 3,773 citations

Principles of topological psychology.

1936 • 3,750 citations

Plans and the Structure of Behavior

1960 • 3,598 citations

Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior.

1957 • 3,350 citations

The Behavior of Organisms

1938 • 3,256 citations

Language, Thought, and Reality.

1956 • 2,923 citations

The wisdom of the body

1932 • 2,825 citations

A study of thinking

1956 • 2,766 citations

Language and Thought of the Child

2005 • 2,741 citations

The theory of decision making.

1954 • 2,645 citations

Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men

1950 • 2,502 citations

The problem of serial order in behavior

1951 • 2,261 citations

The Language and Thought of the Child

1927 • 2,170 citations

The formation of learning sets.

1949 • 1,944 citations

The nature of love.

1958 • 1,871 citations

The effects of psychotherapy: an evaluation.

1952 • 1,713 citations

The reflex arc concept in psychology.

1896 • 1,684 citations

Learning Theory and Behavior

1962 • 1,634 citations

Learning and Instinct in Animals

1964 • 1,624 citations

The Mentality of Apes

1959 • 1,582 citations

Analysis terminable and interminable.

1937 • 1,514 citations

Representative design and probabilistic theory in a functional psychology.

1955 • 1,509 citations

Behavior Theory and Conditioning

1957 • 1,480 citations

Design for a Brain

1952 • 1,473 citations

Social Learning and Imitation

1944 • 1,415 citations

Language and communication

2013 • 1,409 citations

A general introduction to psychoanalysis.

1920 • 1,385 citations

Theories of Learning

1948 • 1,322 citations

Elements of a theory of human problem solving.

1958 • 1,318 citations

The role of frustrative nonreward in noncontinuous reward situations.

1958 • 1,304 citations

Der Kumpan in der Umwelt des Vogels

1935 • 1,241 citations

Method and Theory in Experimental Psychology

1954 • 1,230 citations

Philosophy in a New Key

1942 • 1,214 citations

The psychology of learning

1935 • 1,168 citations

Personality and Psychotherapy

1951 • 1,165 citations

Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals

1898 • 1,165 citations

The Sane Society

1955 • 1,147 citations

Value and need as organizing factors in perception.

1947 • 1,114 citations

The courage to be

1952 • 1,099 citations

Psychology from the standpoint of a behaviorist.

1919 • 1,094 citations

On a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables.

1948 • 1,086 citations

Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry

1940 • 1,038 citations

Toward a statistical theory of learning.

1950 • 980 citations

Perceptual learning: Differentiation or enrichment?

1955 • 965 citations

Textbook of psychology

1958 • 951 citations

The Meaning of Meaning

1923 • 922 citations

The Computer and the Brain

1958 • 899 citations

The Psychology of Human Learning

1953 • 809 citations

How we know universals the perception of auditory and visual forms

1947 • 785 citations

The fundamentals of learning.

1932 • 761 citations

The differential response in animals to stimuli varying within a single dimension.

1937 • 750 citations

Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior

1953 • 739 citations

Conditioning and learning

2014 • 702 citations

An Investigation of the Laws of Thought

2009 • 691 citations

A stimulus-response analysis of anxiety and its role as a reinforcing agent.

1939 • 686 citations

Statistical Methods and Scientific Inference.

1957 • 671 citations

Probability, Statistics and Truth.

1939 • 661 citations

An Experimental Study of Imagination

1910 • 639 citations

Words and Things.

1959 • 625 citations

LEARNING THEORY AND PERSONALITY DYNAMICS

1953 • 597 citations

A mathematical model for simple learning.

1951 • 580 citations

History of Experimental Psychology.

1930 • 575 citations

The Companion in the Bird's World

1937 • 573 citations

An experimental study of representative factors in monkeys.

1928 • 569 citations

The goal-gradient hypothesis and maze learning.

1932 • 563 citations

The Law of Effect

1927 • 555 citations

Adaptation-level as a basis for a quantitative theory of frames of reference.

1948 • 551 citations

The Disappearance of Steadily Fixated Visual Test Objects*

1953 • 549 citations

Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits

2009 • 545 citations

THE EVALUATION OF AUTONOMIC RESPONSES: TOWARD A GENERAL SOLUTION

1956 • 536 citations

HABITUATION OF THE AROUSAL REACTION

1956 • 534 citations

Theories of perception and the concept of structure

1955 • 529 citations

The determiners of behavior at a choice point.

1938 • 528 citations

Studies of fear as an acquirable drive: I. Fear as motivation and fear-reduction as reinforcement in the learning of new responses.

1948 • 520 citations

A Dictionary of Modern English Usage

1926 • 511 citations

Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression.

1955 • 509 citations

The role of observing responses in discrimination learning. Part I.

1952 • 504 citations

Imitation in a home-raised chimpanzee.

1952 • 456 citations

Language development in children.

2005 • 446 citations

The organism and the causal texture of the environment.

1935 • 442 citations

Adaptation-Level as Frame of Reference for Prediction of Psychophysical Data

1947 • 441 citations

Introduction and removal of reward, and maze performance in rats.

1930 • 433 citations

Bees: their vision, chemical senses, and language

1950 • 429 citations

Philosophie der symbolischen Formen

1923 • 405 citations

Sensory pre-conditioning.

1939 • 402 citations

Science and Sanity

1933 • 393 citations

Lectures on the Experimental Psychology of the Thought Processes.

1910 • 374 citations

Factor analysis of meaning.

1955 • 371 citations

Two temporal parameters of the maintenance of avoidance behavior by the white rat.

1953 • 370 citations

Signs, Language, and Beahavior

1947 • 368 citations

Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology.

1916 • 358 citations

The Wolves of Mount McKinley

1945 • 355 citations

The influence of complexity and novelty in visual figures on orienting responses.

1958 • 340 citations

The structure of English

1952 • 332 citations

The psychology of learning

1952 • 323 citations

The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.

1873 • 321 citations

The Undiscovered Self

1958 • 317 citations

Psycholinguistics: a survey of theory and research problems.

1954 • 313 citations

The prediction of decisions among bets.

1955 • 291 citations

Acquired distinctiveness of cues: I. Transfer between discriminations on the basis of familiarity with the stimulus.

1949 • 282 citations

Partial reinforcement: a review and critique.

1950 • 282 citations

On the Parallel Between Learning and Evolution

1951 • 282 citations

Acquisition and extinction of verbal expectations in a situation analogous to conditioning.

1939 • 280 citations

The Ape in Our House

1953 • 276 citations

Social conditioning of vocalizations in the infant.

1959 • 275 citations

Meaning established by classical conditioning.

1957 • 271 citations

The cooperative solving of problems by young chimpanzees

1937 • 269 citations

Emotional reactions of rats to the pain of others.

1959 • 268 citations

Knowledge and purpose as habit mechanisms.

1930 • 266 citations

Statistics: A New Approach

1958 • 262 citations

Level of aspiration and decision making.

1957 • 258 citations

An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics.

1937 • 258 citations

The social insects : their origin and evolution /

1928 • 257 citations

Analysis of a verbal conditioning situation in terms of statistical learning theory.

1954 • 255 citations

Habit strength as a function of the pattern of reinforcement.

1945 • 254 citations

Territory in bird life

1920 • 251 citations

Thinking: An Experimental and Social Study

1958 • 248 citations

Aggressive Behavior among Vertebrate Animals

1944 • 248 citations

Goal attraction and directing ideas conceived as habit phenomena.

1931 • 247 citations

Statistical theory of distributional phenomena in learning.

1955 • 246 citations

Relationships between shame and guilt in the socializing process.

1955 • 244 citations

The Significance of Behavior Accompanying Conditioned Salivary Secretion for Theories of the Conditioned Response

1937 • 241 citations

Experimental investigation of the relation of language to transposition behavior in young children.

1946 • 240 citations

A Field Study of the Behavior and Social Relations of Howling Monkeys.

1935 • 238 citations

THE ACCURACY OF MOVEMENT IN THE ABSENCE OF EXCITATION FROM THE MOVING ORGAN

1917 • 238 citations

The effect of the introduction of reward upon the maze performance of rats

1929 • 237 citations

A microgenetic approach to perception and thought.

1957 • 234 citations

The effects of experimental variations on problem solving in the rat.

1952 • 232 citations

Some contributions of an experimental analysis of behavior to psychology as a whole.

1953 • 224 citations

Empirical explorations of the logic theory machine

1957 • 223 citations

Behavior Mechanisms in Monkeys

1936 • 221 citations

Subjective probability and decision under uncertainty.

1959 • 221 citations

Punishment: I. The avoidance hypothesis.

1954 • 221 citations

The relation between information and variance analyses

1956 • 220 citations

An Experimental Study of Thorndike's Theory of Learning

1932 • 218 citations

Systematic Research In Experimental Phonetics: ^* 1. A Theory Of The Speech Mechanism As A Servosystem

1954 • 217 citations

A motivational theory of emotion to replace 'emotion as disorganized response.'

1948 • 217 citations

A General Feedback Theory of Human Behavior: Part I

1960 • 214 citations

Chimpanzees: A Laboratory Colony

1945 • 214 citations

The nature of the effect of free-environmental experience in the rat.

1952 • 213 citations

Extinction as a function of partial reinforcement and distribution of practice.

1949 • 213 citations

An experimental approach to anxiety, escape and avoidance behavior.

2006 • 211 citations

Acquisition and extinction of a verbal conditioned response with differing percentages of reinforcement.

1951 • 206 citations

The effect of random alternation of reinforcement on the acquisition and extinction of conditioned eyelid reactions.

1939 • 203 citations

Behavior and neurosis

1943 • 201 citations

Toward a general theory for the behavioral sciences.

1955 • 200 citations

Socially facilitated reduction of a fear response in rats.

1955 • 194 citations

A theoretical framework for personality and social behavior.

1951 • 193 citations

Effects of early experience upon the behavior of animals.

1954 • 189 citations

Prediction of vicarious trial and error by means of the schematic sowbug.

1939 • 186 citations

Instinct

1954 • 180 citations

Principles of performance.

1955 • 179 citations

Two-factor learning theory reconsidered, with special reference to secondary reinforcement and the concept of habit.

1956 • 178 citations

A behavioristic theory of ideas.

1926 • 174 citations

Vicarious Trial and Error at a Point of Choice: I. A General Survey of its Relation to Learning Efficiency

1938 • 172 citations

Probability as a determiner of rat behavior.

1939 • 171 citations

The Psychology of Thinking.

1952 • 169 citations

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF WANTS, INTERESTS AND ATTITUDES

1936 • 167 citations

Sustained behavior under delayed reinforcement.

1953 • 164 citations

Simple trial and error learning: A study in psychological theory.

1930 • 163 citations

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THOUGHT AND JUDGMENT

1955 • 158 citations

The psychologist looks at language.

1954 • 157 citations

Acquired distinctiveness of cues: II. Selective association in a constant stimulus situation.

1950 • 155 citations

Preparatory set (expectancy)—a determinant in motivation and learning.

1938 • 154 citations

Infant Speech: A Study of the Beginnings of Language

1975 • 153 citations

The Exploration of the Inner World.

1938 • 147 citations

The acquisition of observing responses in the absence of differential external reinforcement.

1956 • 146 citations

A theoretical interpretation of shifts in level of aspiration.

1942 • 145 citations

A functional interpretation of the conditioned reflex.

1929 • 143 citations

Some problems in the theory of vigilance.

1955 • 143 citations

A critical review of latent learning and related experiments.

1951 • 143 citations

Speech: Its Function and Development

1928 • 140 citations

Theoretical interpretations of learning.

2007 • 140 citations

Perception of the statistical structure of a random series of binary symbols.

1953 • 138 citations

Extinction and behavior variability as functions of effortfulness of task.

1943 • 136 citations

A quantitative comparison of the discriminative and reinforcing functions of a stimulus.

1950 • 133 citations

Critical Periods in the Development of Social Behavior in Puppies

1958 • 133 citations

Perception as substitute trial and error.

1956 • 133 citations

Certain Determinants in the Conditioning of Anxiety Reactions

1937 • 131 citations

Conditioning as a principle of learning.

1930 • 130 citations

Principles of perception

1958 • 129 citations

A behaviorist's definition of consciousness.

1927 • 128 citations

Lectures and Conferences on Mathematical Statistics and Probability

1954 • 128 citations

The stimulus conditions which follow learned responses.

1955 • 124 citations

Dynamics of behavior

1958 • 123 citations

Resistance to extinction of a running response following partial reinforcement under widely spaced trials.

1954 • 122 citations

A Method for the Study of Concept Formation

1937 • 122 citations

The Behaviour of Worker Honeybees At the Hive Entrance

1951 • 122 citations

Social Life Among the Insects

1922 • 120 citations

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF MEANING BY A CONDITIONED SALIVARY TECHNIQUE (SEMANTIC CONDITIONING)

1939 • 118 citations

Man Meets Dog

2003 • 117 citations

Preparatory set (expectancy) - some methods of measurement.

1940 • 117 citations

The nature of thought

1939 • 111 citations

Variables affecting children's performance in a probability learning task.

1959 • 107 citations

The effects of restricting early experience on the problem-solving capacity of dogs.

1954 • 107 citations

Rank order in caged rats

1958 • 104 citations

Probability learning in children.

1958 • 101 citations

Evidence for a Vestibular Input Contributing to Dynamic Head Stabilization in Man

1988 • 101 citations

Imagination and Thinking

1957 • 98 citations

The Development of the Sense of Time in the Young Child

1946 • 98 citations

Time as a determinant in integrative learning.

1945 • 97 citations

Subjective Evaluation and Reinforcing Effect of a Verbal Stimulus

1956 • 96 citations

Theory and Treatment of Stuttering as an Approach-Avoidance Conflict

1953 • 95 citations

Reward probability, amount, and information as determiners of sequential two-alternative decisions.

1956 • 95 citations

No and Yes

1916 • 94 citations

The S-R reinforcement theory of extinction.

1954 • 94 citations

Observational learning in the rhesus monkey.

1959 • 94 citations

Social Relations of the Domestic Guinea Pig Living under Semi‐Natural Conditions

1956 • 94 citations

An experimental test of the sign-gestalt theory of trial and error learning.

1946 • 94 citations

The influence of reinforcement and punishment in a minimal social situation.

1956 • 93 citations

Hallucinations produced by sensory conditioning.

1941 • 92 citations

The Fundamentals of Learning. Edward L. Thorndike , The Staff of the Division of Psychology of the Institute of Educational Research of Teachers College, Columbia UniversityHuman Learning. Edward L. Thorndike

1933 • 90 citations

Durable secondary reinforcement: Method and theory.

1957 • 89 citations

The Effect of Shift of Sensory Modality on Serial Reaction-Time: A Comparison of Schizophrenics and Normals

1961 • 89 citations

Concerning memory in the chimpanzee.

1928 • 88 citations

Understanding human motivation.

1958 • 88 citations

Verbal mediating responses and concept formation.

1961 • 87 citations

Imprinting: the interaction of learned and innate behavior: I. Development and generalization.

1956 • 85 citations

Reasoning and learning.

1931 • 84 citations

Brain waves and problems of psychology.

1956 • 84 citations

Secondary Reinforcement and the Discrimination Hypothesis

1953 • 83 citations

Experiments on motor conflict. I. Types of conflict and their modes of resolution.

1938 • 82 citations

The mental development of the child

1930 • 81 citations

The behavior mechanisms concerned with problem solving.

1940 • 81 citations

The effect of different environments during infancy on adult behavior in the rat.

1952 • 80 citations

One-trial learning in the domestic rat.

1950 • 78 citations

Tone discrimination in white rats.

1931 • 78 citations

Statistical methods

1955 • 78 citations

Subliminal stimulation: An overview.

1958 • 76 citations

Parameters relevant to determining the effects of early experience upon the adult behavior of animals.

1958 • 76 citations

An experimental analysis of latent learning.

1949 • 75 citations

Satiation of hunger from food injected directly into the stomach versus food ingested by mouth.

1951 • 75 citations

Speech Development In The Young Child: 1. The Autism Theory Of Speech Development And Some Clinical Applications

1952 • 73 citations

General psychology in terms of behavior.

1927 • 73 citations

WHY THE MIND IS IN THE HEAD?

1950 • 73 citations

The story of language

1949 • 72 citations

Effects of experience on perception of causality.

1957 • 72 citations

Images as conditioned sensations.

1940 • 72 citations

The Cooperative Solving by Chimpanzees of Problems Requiring Serial Responses to Color Cues

1941 • 72 citations

Social behavior, organization and leadership in a small flock of domestic sheep

1945 • 71 citations

The Analysis of Social Organization in Animals

1956 • 71 citations

Relationships between Early Social Experience and Adult Aggressive Behavior in Inbred Mice

1957 • 70 citations

Learning theory and the neurotic paradox.

1948 • 67 citations

Studies in learning and motivation: I. Equal reinforcements in both end-boxes, followed by shock in one end-box.

1949 • 67 citations

Anticipatory and inhibitory characteristics of delayed conditioned reactions.

1934 • 67 citations

Form Discrimination in Chimpanzees and Two-Year-Old Children: I. Form (Triangularity)Per Se

1933 • 66 citations

Toward a concept of the normal personality.

1957 • 65 citations

Infantile experience and consummatory behavior in adulthood.

1957 • 65 citations

Place learning without prior performance.

1955 • 64 citations

Sustained performance in rats based on secondary reinforcement.

1959 • 63 citations

Studies in spatial learning. V. Response learning vs. place learning by the non-correction method.

1947 • 63 citations

Sign learning as a factor in extinction.

1949 • 63 citations

Determinants of the perceived vertical and horizontal.

1938 • 62 citations

A comparison of two types of warning stimulus in an avoidance situation.

1957 • 61 citations

The fundamentals of human motivation

1928 • 61 citations

Reward and punishment in a minimal social situation.

1957 • 60 citations

Sign-Gestalt or conditioned reflex.

1933 • 59 citations

The nature of language deficit in aphasia.

1959 • 59 citations

The inheritance of maze learning ability in rats.

1935 • 58 citations

Travels Through Semantic Space

1958 • 58 citations

The operant conditioning of human motor behavior.

1956 • 58 citations

Interanimal conditioning in the monkey.

1955 • 57 citations

The transfer value of given and individually derived principles.

1958 • 57 citations

Towards a theory of vigilance.

1959 • 57 citations

Vicarious trial and error and related behavior.

1956 • 57 citations

A theoretical orientation for instructional film research

1953 • 57 citations

Probabilistic discrimination learning.

1957 • 56 citations

Adaptive behavior from random response

2007 • 56 citations

Social interaction and the self concept.

1955 • 56 citations

Two tests of the Sheffield hypothesis concerning resistance to extinction, partial reinforcement, and distribution of practice.

1955 • 55 citations

A reply to 'Sign-Gestalt or Conditioned Reflex?'

1935 • 54 citations

Animal Studies in the Genesis of Personality

1940 • 54 citations

Latency of response in a choice discrimination.

1943 • 54 citations

THE EFFECT OF VERBALIZATION IN CHILDREN'S LEARNING AS A FUNCTION OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE

1959 • 54 citations

Motivation in learning. VI. Escape from electric shock compared with hunger-food tension in the visual discrimination habit.

1936 • 53 citations

Problem Solving and Thinking

1955 • 53 citations

Progress in Psychotherapy, 1956

1957 • 52 citations

NEUROSES IN MONKEYS: A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS

1953 • 52 citations

Reinforcement and learning: the process of sensory integration.

1949 • 52 citations

The Development of Certain Instincts and Habits in the Chicks

1912 • 51 citations

A New Clue to Transfer of Training

1947 • 50 citations

Response : Echo Ranging in the Porpoise

1959 • 48 citations

Situational Cues Distinguishing Anger, Fear, and Sorrow

1958 • 47 citations

Language conditioning of meaning using a semantic generalization paradigm.

1959 • 46 citations

Nonadaptive behavior resulting from a series of defeats in fighting mice.

1953 • 46 citations

An Experimental Approach To Expectancy And Anxiety In Stuttering behavior

1952 • 46 citations

Affective processes in perception.

1957 • 45 citations

Delayed alternation: Evidence for symbolic processes in the rat.

1957 • 44 citations

THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF DOGS AND WOLVES: AN ILLUSTRATION OF SOCIOBIOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS

1950 • 43 citations

The effect of reward on adult imitative behavior.

1954 • 43 citations

The relative effectiveness of certain incentives in animal learning

1923 • 42 citations

Imitation and the Conditioned Reflex

1921 • 42 citations

Higher Functions of the Nervous System

1956 • 41 citations

Effort and resistance to extinction of the bar-pressing response.

1954 • 41 citations

Latent extinction and the fractional anticipatory response mechanism.

1957 • 41 citations

Zur Psychologie des Schimpansen

1922 • 40 citations

A stimulus-response analysis of the interaction of cue-producing and instrumental responses.

1955 • 40 citations

Experimental studies of adaptive behavior in cats

1929 • 39 citations

Mediated generalization and the interpretation of verbal behavior: II. Experimental study of certain homophone and synonym gradients.

1943 • 39 citations

Efficacy of the rat's motor cortex in delayed alternation

1931 • 39 citations

An investigation of latent learning in a T-maze.

1947 • 39 citations

The loom of language

1944 • 38 citations

Pre-extinction in sensory perconditioning.

1958 • 38 citations

The ability of rats to learn the location of food when motivated by thirst—an experimental reply to Leeper.

1948 • 38 citations

Experiments on motor conflict. II. Determination of mode of resolution by comparative strengths of conflicting responses.

1941 • 37 citations

Effort and extinction rate: a confirmation.

1948 • 37 citations

Vicarious trial and error.

1951 • 37 citations

Psychology: Its Facts and Principles

1929 • 37 citations

Avoidance learning of perceptual defense and vigilance.

1957 • 36 citations

Studies in spatial learning: VII. Place and response learning under different degrees of motivation.

1949 • 36 citations

Hearing And Speaking: An Analysis Of Language Learning

1958 • 36 citations

Sensory integration and cognitive theory.

1951 • 35 citations

Latent extinction and the reduction of secondary reward value.

1955 • 35 citations

Response potential as a function of effort.

1951 • 34 citations

Form Discrimination in Chimpanzees and Two-Year-Old Children: II. Form Versus Background

1933 • 34 citations

The extinction of a discrimination without performance of the choice response.

1951 • 33 citations

Central stimulation and other new approaches to motivation and reward.

1958 • 33 citations

A simple maze: With data on the relation of the distribution of practice to the rate of learning.

1918 • 32 citations

Imprinting and associative learning: The stability of the following response in Peking ducks (Anas Platyrhynchous).

1958 • 32 citations

The role of vigilance in the development of animal neurosis.

2006 • 32 citations

Imprinting. The interaction of learned and innate behavior: IV. Generalization and emergent discrimination.

1958 • 32 citations

Drive specificity and learning.

1948 • 31 citations

The Statistical Organization of Nervous Activity

1948 • 31 citations

The effect of familiarity on maze performance of albino rats

1931 • 31 citations

Experimental extinction of an hallucination produced by sensory conditioning.

1941 • 31 citations

Statistical Utility in Experimental Inference

1958 • 31 citations

A functional analysis of authority.

1959 • 30 citations

The Interaction of Need, Set, and Stimulus-Structure in a Cognitive Task

1952 • 30 citations

The functioning of knowledge of results in Thorndike's line-drawing experiment.

1941 • 29 citations

Some specific factors that modify tolerance for environmental stress.

1949 • 29 citations

Your most enchanted listener

1981 • 29 citations

The facilitation of problem solving by prior exposure to uncommon responses.

1958 • 28 citations

Response Elimination without Performance

1955 • 28 citations

Psycho-Analysis for Teachers and Parents

1937 • 28 citations

Responses of Captive Alligators to Auditory Stimulation

1944 • 28 citations

Competition: the effects of infantile experience upon adult behavior.

1951 • 27 citations

An Experimental Analysis of 'Learning without Awareness'

1952 • 27 citations

Imprinting. The interaction of learned and innate behavior: III. Practice effects on performance, retention and fear.

1958 • 26 citations

Verbal mediation and concept formation in retarded and normal subjects.

1959 • 26 citations

The role of learning in perception.

1951 • 26 citations

Manual of mental and physical tests in two parts, Part II: Complex Processes, A book of directions compiled with special reference to the experimental study of school children in the laboratory or classroom (2nd ed., rev. and enl.).

1915 • 26 citations

The psychology of mental content reconsidered.

1955 • 26 citations

Factors determining conflict reactions in difficult discriminations.

1942 • 26 citations

Stimulus variables and subject variables: A caution.

1959 • 25 citations

Reasoning as an Associative Process: III. The Role of Verbal Responses in Problem Solving

1957 • 25 citations

Mediated verbal similarity as a determinant of the generalization of a conditioned GSR.

1958 • 25 citations

A Question of Sufficiency

1958 • 25 citations

Studies in spatial learning. III. Two paths to the same location and two paths to two different locations.

1947 • 25 citations

Sleep, wakefulness, and consciousness.

1957 • 24 citations

Social Interactions of Rhesus Monkeys: I. Food-Getting Dominance as a Dependent Variable

1956 • 24 citations

A theoretical derivation of latent learning.

1947 • 24 citations

Extinction during psychotherapy of GSR accompanying embarrassing statements.

1957 • 23 citations

Affective responses of an infant chimpanzee reared in isolation from its kind.

1939 • 23 citations

The manipulation of dominance in monkeys with conditioned fear.

1956 • 23 citations

DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN THE EFFECTS OF REINFORCEMENT AND NONREINFORCEMENT OF A SINGLE RESPONSE1

1961 • 22 citations

The perception of spatial relations by the rat: A type of response not easily explained by conditioning.

1936 • 22 citations

A CRITIQUE OF STUDIES OF INFANT ISOLATION1

1954 • 21 citations

The effects of a pre-extinction procedure on the extinction of place and response performance in a T-maze.

1954 • 21 citations

Semantics. The Nature of Words and Their Meanings

1943 • 20 citations

Hereditary differences in the development of dominance in litters of puppies.

1956 • 20 citations

Mediated stimulus equivalence and distinctiveness in human conditioning.

1958 • 19 citations

Delayed reaction in rats

1931 • 19 citations

Discrimination vs. learning and the schematic sowbug.

1941 • 19 citations

Anticipatory responses in the maze.

1934 • 19 citations

The factors determining the difficulty of blind alleys in maze learning by the white rat.

1934 • 19 citations

Probability discrimination in a motor task.

1955 • 18 citations

Anticipation of reward as a function of partial reinforcement.

1956 • 18 citations

Weakening of conditioned bar-pressing by prior extinction of its subsequent discriminated operant.

1956 • 18 citations

Decision-Making : an annotated bibliography

1958 • 18 citations

Reduction of secondary reward value as a function of drive strength during latent extinction.

1956 • 18 citations

Force of responding during extinction as a function of force requirement during conditioning.

1954 • 18 citations

Partial reinforcement and nonresponse acquisition.

1958 • 17 citations

The Effects of Selection and Domestication Upon the Behavior of the Dog<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">1</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref>

1954 • 17 citations

Learning factors in social facilitation and social inhibition in rats.

1958 • 16 citations

Language and Reality: The Philosophy of Language and the Principles of Symbolism.

1940 • 16 citations

Anxiety-reduction as reinforcement in maladaptive behavior: evidence in stutterers' representations of the moment of difficulty.

1952 • 16 citations

General Introduction to Psychology.

1925 • 16 citations

Man and His Works.

1944 • 16 citations

Emotionality (e) and Meaningfulness (m)

1958 • 16 citations

The strength of sensory preconditioning.

1953 • 16 citations

Drive conditioning as a factor in latent learning.

1953 • 15 citations

A criticism of pre-acquisition and pre-extinction of expectancies.

1952 • 15 citations

Irrelevant rewards in animal learning.

1936 • 15 citations

The relation of secondary reinforcement to partial reinforcement.

1957 • 15 citations

Goal-box cues and pattern of reinforcement.

1957 • 15 citations

The delayed reaction and memory in rats. I. Length of delay.

1939 • 15 citations

The Science of Psychology.

1930 • 15 citations

The Electrical Activity of the Brain

1954 • 15 citations

Tension patterns during stuttering in relation to conflict, anxiety‐binding, and reinforcement

1954 • 14 citations

Close social groups among domestic dogs.

1954 • 14 citations

Semantic generalization with experimentally induced associations.

1957 • 14 citations

A test for specific and general behavioral effects of infantile stimulation with shock in the mouse.

1956 • 14 citations

Symmetric uncertainty analysis and its implications for psychology.

1958 • 13 citations

The Statistical Method and the Philosophy of Science

1958 • 13 citations

Part Three: The Effect of Success and Failure upon the Level of Aspiration and Behavior in Manic-Depressive Psychoses.

2007 • 13 citations

Flexibility of Established Habit

1936 • 13 citations

The psychology of gesture.

1950 • 12 citations

On human thought.

1953 • 12 citations

A comparative approach to the experimental analysis of emotional behavior.

1955 • 12 citations

Consciousness, behavior, and personality.

1955 • 12 citations

A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO THE DYNAMICS OF EXPERIMENTAL NEUROSES

1953 • 12 citations

Secondary extinction of lever-pressing behavior in the albino rat.

1957 • 11 citations

Personality Functioning and Cognitive Psychology1

1953 • 11 citations

The two-story duplicate maze: Tracing the stylus maze with a maximum of indirect visual guidance.

1927 • 11 citations

Differences between strains of rats in avoidance conditioning without an explicit warning stimulus.

1959 • 11 citations

Nonreinforcements versus reinforcements as variables in the partial reinforcement effect.

1957 • 11 citations

Thinking and Speaking: A Symposium

1955 • 11 citations

Prerequisite to Meaning

1950 • 11 citations

Accuracy of brightness discrimination as measured by concurrent verbal responses and GSRs.

1959 • 11 citations

A Variational Approach to Empathy

1957 • 11 citations

The Meaning of Probability

1936 • 10 citations

Semantic Factors in the Measurement of Personality Integration

1946 • 10 citations

Emotions and Reason.

1954 • 10 citations

The conditioned reflex and the sign function in learning.

1929 • 10 citations

Problem Solving and Symbolic Processes

1950 • 10 citations

Secondary drive as a neutralizer of time in integrative problem solving.

1956 • 10 citations

Elicitation and Inhibition of Competitive Fighting in Food Deprived Mice

1955 • 10 citations

Forced movement or insight

1937 • 9 citations

The semantic differential and mediated generalization as measures of meaning.

1957 • 9 citations

The Effect on Visual Perception of Stimulating the Brain with Polarizing Currents

1957 • 8 citations

The Historical Roots of Learning Theory

1954 • 8 citations

An Oral Communication Model

1955 • 8 citations

Latent learning observed through negative transfer.

1953 • 8 citations

Feedback theory and the reflex arc concept.

1955 • 8 citations

Social interactions of rhesus monkeys: II. Effects of social interaction on the learning of discrimination tasks.

1956 • 8 citations

Man: an autobiography.

1975 • 7 citations

Conditioning and Problem-Solving Behavior

1938 • 7 citations

Stimuli preceding electric shock can acquire positive reinforcing properties.

1954 • 7 citations

Studies in spatial learning. IX. A dispositional analysis of response-performance.

1951 • 7 citations

CHANGING CONCEPTIONS OF THE UNCONSCIOUS

1959 • 6 citations

The origin of language

1953 • 6 citations

The delayed reaction and memory in rats. II. An analysis of the behavioral dimension.

1939 • 6 citations

The biology of purpose.

1952 • 6 citations

Implications of the flight of colors.

1934 • 6 citations

The Intelligence Factor in the Solution of Space Problems with the Two Story Maze

1928 • 6 citations

Statistical versus Intuitive Confidence

1952 • 5 citations

Learning to perceive as we wish to perceive.

1957 • 5 citations

The brain analogy: a discussion.

1952 • 5 citations

Language in society : the linguistic revolution and social change

1948 • 4 citations

The effects of a differential rate of reinforcement of responses to two levers.

1942 • 4 citations

Fundamentals of general psychology, 3rd ed.

1949 • 4 citations

Trends in the Development of Physiology of the Brain

1958 • 3 citations

Signal vigilance level and conditioned avoidance acquisition in the goat.

1959 • 3 citations

The Concept of Motivation

1958 • 3 citations

A Device for Studying Eye-Hand Coordination without Visual Guidance

1935 • 3 citations

Discussion: Suggestion For a Theory of Learning.

1923 • 3 citations

The Behavioral World

1959 • 3 citations

Mediated Equivalence of Stimuli and Retroactive Inhibition

1958 • 3 citations

Tolman's interpretation of vicarious trial and error.

1953 • 2 citations

Three Keys to Language

1953 • 2 citations

The interaction of several variables in latent learning.

1956 • 2 citations

The law of effect: Part V.

1938 • 2 citations

An experiment in inclusive psychotherapy.

1955 • 2 citations

Sustained Performance Based on Secondary Reinforcement: An Improved Method With Added Controls

1958 • 2 citations

Language conditioning of denotative meaning

1960 • 2 citations

Untersuchungen zur Onomatopoiie: 1 Teil, Die sprachpsychologischen Versuche

1955 • 2 citations

Generalization among Meaningful Relations in Problem-Solving

1958 • 1 citations

Some Variables Affecting Size Judgments

1956 • 1 citations

Knowledge in modern psychology.

1950 • 1 citations

Cognitive Maps and Reinforcement

1950 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations