Glucocorticoids, developmental ‘programming’ and the risk of affective dysfunction

How Do Glucocorticoids Influence Stress Responses? Integrating Permissive, Suppressive, Stimulatory, and Preparative Actions*

2000 • 6,211 citations

Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior

2004 • 5,974 citations

Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital

2008 • 3,578 citations

Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse

2009 • 3,349 citations

Maternal Care, Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptors, and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Responses to Stress

1997 • 3,131 citations

Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life

1993 • 2,688 citations

Maternal Care, Gene Expression, and the Transmission of Individual Differences in Stress Reactivity Across Generations

2001 • 2,665 citations

The thrifty phenotype hypothesis

2001 • 2,620 citations

Two Receptor Systems for Corticosterone in Rat Brain: Microdistribution and Differential Occupation

1985 • 2,530 citations

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): relation to reduced fetal growth

1993 • 2,484 citations

Brain Corticosteroid Receptor Balance in Health and Disease*

1998 • 2,442 citations

Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease.

1989 • 2,337 citations

Diabetes mellitus: a "thrifty" genotype rendered detrimental by "progress"? 1962.

1999 • 2,323 citations

The Contribution of Low Birth Weight to Infant Mortality and Childhood Morbidity

1985 • 2,125 citations

Hippocampal atrophy in recurrent major depression.

1996 • 1,884 citations

Disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in the nervous system results in reduced anxiety

1999 • 1,756 citations

The Role of the Hippocampus in Feedback Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis*

1991 • 1,690 citations

Glucose tolerance in adults after prenatal exposure to famine

1998 • 1,570 citations

MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat- related posttraumatic stress disorder

1995 • 1,567 citations

Physiological and behavioral responses to corticotropin-releasing factor administration: is CRF a mediator of anxiety or stress responses?

1990 • 1,362 citations

Fetal nutrition and adult disease

2000 • 1,332 citations

Dietary Protein Restriction of Pregnant Rats Induces and Folic Acid Supplementation Prevents Epigenetic Modification of Hepatic Gene Expression in the Offspring

2005 • 1,128 citations

Obstetric Complications and Schizophrenia: Historical and Meta-Analytic Review

2002 • 1,103 citations

STEROID 5α-REDUCTASE: TWO GENES/TWO ENZYMES

1994 • 1,075 citations

Effect of Neonatal Handling on Age-Related Impairments Associated with the Hippocampus

1988 • 1,068 citations

Fetal and infant origins of adult disease

2001 • 1,050 citations

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2002 • 1,031 citations

Prenatal stress produces learning deficits associated with an inhibition of neurogenesis in the hippocampus

2000 • 1,022 citations

Sex-Specific Programming of Offspring Emotionality after Stress Early in Pregnancy

2008 • 962 citations

Birth Weight and Adult Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, and Obesity in US Men

1996 • 930 citations

Trends in Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality for Very Low Birthweight Infants

2007 • 927 citations

Targeted disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene blocks adrenergic chromaffin cell development and severely retards lung maturation.

1995 • 926 citations

Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse

1997 • 919 citations

Birth Weight and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

2008 • 915 citations

Early Environmental Regulation of Forebrain Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Expression: Implications for Adrenocortical Responses to Stress; pp. 49–60

1996 • 883 citations

Glucocorticoid exposure in utero: new model for adult hypertension

1993 • 873 citations

Prenatal Stress, Glucocorticoids and the Programming of the Brain

2001 • 851 citations

Early growth and death from cardiovascular disease in women.

1993 • 830 citations

Birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of women followed up since 1976

1997 • 830 citations

Morbidity and mortality among very-low-birth-weight neonates with intrauterine growth restriction

2000 • 825 citations

Rates of Adult Schizophrenia Following Prenatal Exposure to the Chinese Famine of 1959-1961

2005 • 798 citations

Alterations induced by gestational stress in brain morphology and behaviour of the offspring

2001 • 780 citations

Trends in Mortality and Morbidity for Very Low Birth Weight Infants, 1991–1999

2002 • 773 citations

Maternal care effects on the hippocampal transcriptome and anxiety-mediated behaviors in the offspring that are reversible in adulthood

2006 • 769 citations

Prenatal Stress Induces High Anxiety and Postnatal Handling Induces Low Anxiety in Adult Offspring: Correlation with Stress-Induced Corticosterone Secretion

1997 • 768 citations

Mineralocorticoid receptors are indispensable for nongenomic modulation of hippocampal glutamate transmission by corticosterone

2005 • 749 citations

Schizophrenia After Prenatal Famine

1996 • 740 citations

Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50-60 years

1996 • 739 citations

Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life

1994 • 716 citations

Schizophrenia After Prenatal Exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945

1992 • 714 citations

Functional Cross‐Talk Between the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Gonadal and ‐Adrenal Axes

2002 • 714 citations

Cloning and tissue distribution of the human 1 lβ-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme

1994 • 707 citations

Birth Weight and Adult Hypertension and Obesity in Women

1996 • 702 citations

Sonic Hedgehog Is Required for Progenitor Cell Maintenance in Telencephalic Stem Cell Niches

2003 • 695 citations

Transgenerational Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Babies of Mothers Exposed to the World Trade Center Attacks during Pregnancy

2005 • 680 citations

Insulin resistance syndrome in 8-year-old Indian children: small at birth, big at 8 years, or both?

1999 • 673 citations

Fetal programming of coronary heart disease

2002 • 665 citations

Maternal Care Associated with Methylation of the Estrogen Receptor-α1b Promoter and Estrogen Receptor-α Expression in the Medial Preoptic Area of Female Offspring

2006 • 657 citations

Infantile Experience and Resistance to Physiological Stress

1957 • 656 citations

Growth in utero and serum cholesterol concentrations in adult life.

1993 • 636 citations

Neonatal Leptin Treatment Reverses Developmental Programming

2005 • 617 citations

Corticosteroids in relation to fear, anxiety and psychopathology

2001 • 606 citations

Elevated Plasma Cortisol Concentrations: A Link between Low Birth Weight and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome?1

1998 • 602 citations

Outcomes at School Age after Postnatal Dexamethasone Therapy for Lung Disease of Prematurity

2004 • 579 citations

Glucocorticoid exposure in late gestation permanently programs rat hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucocorticoid receptor expression and causes glucose intolerance in adult offspring.

1998 • 574 citations

Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Mismatch Concept of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

2007 • 569 citations

Repeated antenatal corticosteroids: Size at birth and subsequent development

1999 • 562 citations

Dysfunction of placental glucocorticoid barrier: link between fetal environment and adult hypertension?

1993 • 554 citations

Prenatal Exposure to Prednisone in Humans and Animals Retards Intrauterine Growth

1978 • 540 citations

Expression of P-glycoprotein in human placenta: relation to genetic polymorphism of the multidrug resistance (MDR)-1 gene.

2001 • 538 citations

Dexamethasone in the Last Week of Pregnancy Attenuates Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Expression and Elevates Blood Pressure in the Adult Offspring in the Rat

1996 • 534 citations

Glucocorticoid Programming

2004 • 529 citations

Neurotoxicity of Glucocorticoids in the Primate Brain

1994 • 519 citations

11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and the Syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess*

1997 • 515 citations

Placental 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: a key regulator of fetal glucocorticoid exposure

1997 • 515 citations

Stress, memory, and the hippocampus: can't live with it, can't live without it

2001 • 514 citations

Mapping of Glucocorticoid Receptor Immunoreactive Neurons in the Rat Tel- and Diencephalon Using a Monoclonal Antibody against Rat Liver Glucocorticoid Receptor*

1985 • 512 citations

Brain damage induced by prenatal exposure to dexamethasone in fetal rhesus macaques. I. Hippocampus

1990 • 505 citations

The Transcription Factor Nerve Growth Factor-Inducible Protein A Mediates Epigenetic Programming: Altering Epigenetic Marks by Immediate-Early Genes

2007 • 502 citations

Schizophrenia as a Long-Term Outcome of Pregnancy, Delivery, and Perinatal Complications: A 28-Year Follow-Up of the 1966 North Finland General Population Birth Cohort

1998 • 486 citations

Sex-specific effects of prenatal stress on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress and brain glucocorticoid receptor density in adult rats

1995 • 475 citations

Fetal, Infant, and Childhood Growth and Adult Blood Pressure

2002 • 471 citations

Neonatal Handling Alters Adrenocortical Negative Feedback Sensitivity and Hippocampal Type II Glucocorticoid Receptor Binding in the Rat

1989 • 470 citations

Fetal and infant growth and cardiovascular risk factors in women

1995 • 469 citations

Mother's weight in pregnancy and coronary heart disease in a cohort of finnish men: follow up study

1997 • 463 citations

The physiological function of drug-transporting P-glycoproteins

1997 • 457 citations

Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men

1996 • 444 citations

Prenatal glucocorticoid programming of brain corticosteroid receptors and corticotrophin-releasing hormone: possible implications for behaviour

2001 • 422 citations

Protein intake in pregnancy, placental glucocorticoid metabolism and the programming of hypertension in the rat

1996 • 421 citations

Intergenerational consequences of fetal programming by in utero exposure to glucocorticoids in rats

2004 • 411 citations

Prenatal stress selectively alters the reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal system in the female rat

1992 • 404 citations

The genomic structure of the human glucocorticoid receptor.

1991 • 397 citations

Low Birth Weight Predicts Elevated Plasma Cortisol Concentrations in Adults From 3 Populations

2000 • 397 citations

Maternal stress alters endocrine function of the feto-placental unit in rats

2007 • 391 citations

Antenatal Glucocorticoids and Programming of the Developing CNS

2000 • 385 citations

Fetal Growth and Glucose and Insulin Metabolism in Four‐year‐old Indian Children

1995 • 381 citations

Maternal Undernutrition during Late Gestation Induces Fetal Overexposure to Glucocorticoids and Intrauterine Growth Retardation, and Disturbs the Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis in the Newborn Rat¹

2001 • 376 citations

Transcriptional profiling of the Sonic hedgehog response: A critical role for N-myc in proliferation of neuronal precursors

2003 • 361 citations

Penetration of Dexamethasone into Brain Glucocorticoid Targets Is Enhanced in mdr1A P-Glycoprotein Knockout Mice*

1998 • 355 citations

Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids for preterm birth (MACS): a randomised controlled trial

2008 • 353 citations

The Maternal Diet during Pregnancy Programs Altered Expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Type 2 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase: Potential Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Programming of Hypertension in Utero*

2001 • 349 citations

Inhibition of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the foeto‐placental barrier to maternal glucocorticoids, permanently programs amygdala GR mRNA expression and anxiety‐like behaviour in the offspring

2000 • 348 citations

Stress doses of hydrocortisone, traumatic memories, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in patients after cardiac surgery: a randomized study

2004 • 345 citations

Birth weight and the risk of depressive disorder in late life

2001 • 343 citations

The inhibitory effect of testosterone on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress is mediated by the medial preoptic area

1996 • 336 citations

Low-Dose Cortisol for Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2004 • 336 citations

An Early Prenatal Exposure to Excess Glucocorticoid Leads to Hypertensive Offspring in Sheep

1998 • 330 citations

Altered Control of Cortisol Secretion in Adult Men with Low Birth Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors¹

2001 • 326 citations

Androgen regulation of adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone secretion in the male rat following novelty and foot shock stressors

1994 • 325 citations

Elevated Plasma Cortisol Concentrations: A Link between Low Birth Weight and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome?

1998 • 325 citations

Impaired type II glucocorticoid-receptor function in mice bearing antisense RNA transgene

1992 • 313 citations

Inhibition of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Pregnant Rats and the Programming of Blood Pressure in the Offspring

1996 • 311 citations

Repetitive Prenatal Glucocorticoids Improve Lung Function and Decrease Growth in Preterm Lambs

1997 • 307 citations

Multiple physiological functions for multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein?

2000 • 305 citations

Glucocorticoid-induced DNA demethylation and gene memory during development

2001 • 304 citations

Long-Term Outcomes after Repeat Doses of Antenatal Corticosteroids

2007 • 300 citations

Elevated levels of umbilical cord plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone in growth-retarded fetuses.

1993 • 297 citations

Maternal and Environmental Influences on the Adrenocortical Response to Stress in Weanling Rats

1967 • 295 citations

Intergenerational Transmission of Glucose Intolerance and Obesity by In Utero Undernutrition in Mice

2008 • 291 citations

Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure leads to offspring hyperglycaemia in the rat: studies with the 11 b -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor carbenoxolone

1996 • 283 citations

Hypertension in mice lacking 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2

1999 • 282 citations

The ontogeny of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression reveal intricate control of glucocorticoid action in development.

1996 • 281 citations

Simple Method of Harvesting Limnoria from Nature

1962 • 280 citations

Type 2 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase messenger ribonucleic acid and activity in human placenta and fetal membranes: its relationship to birth weight and putative role in fetal adrenal steroidogenesis.

1995 • 278 citations

Repeated antenatal corticosteroids: Effects on cerebral palsy and childhood behavior

2004 • 274 citations

Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Elevated Blood Pressure in Low Birth Weight, Nonobese, Young South African Adults: Early Programming of Cortisol Axis1

2000 • 272 citations

Reduced Placental 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 mRNA Levels in Human Pregnancies Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction: An Analysis of Possible Mechanisms

2001 • 270 citations

Postnatal Handling Increases the Expression of cAMP-Inducible Transcription Factors in the Rat Hippocampus: The Effects of Thyroid Hormones and Serotonin

2000 • 267 citations

11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human pregnancy and reduced expression in intrauterine growth restriction

1998 • 264 citations

Prenatal stress increase anxiety related behavior and alters cerebral lateralization of dopamine activity

1988 • 256 citations

Adrenal steroids regulate postnatal development of the rat dentate gyrus: I. Effects of glucocorticoids on cell death

1991 • 253 citations

Effect of corticosteroids on brain growth in fetal sheep

1999 • 248 citations

5′-Heterogeneity of Glucocorticoid Receptor Messenger RNA Is Tissue Specific: Differential Regulation of Variant Transcripts by Early-Life Events

2000 • 248 citations

Structure of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene 5′ untranslated region: identification, and tissue distribution of multiple new human exon 1

2005 • 244 citations

Maternal stress induces synaptic loss and developmental disabilities of offspring

1998 • 240 citations

Maternal Protein Restriction Influences the Programming of the Rat Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

1996 • 234 citations

Prenatal dexamethasone exposure induces changes in nonhuman primate offspring cardiometabolic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function

2007 • 231 citations

Antenatal corticosteroid therapy and blood pressure at 14 years of age in preterm children

2000 • 229 citations

Distinct ontogeny of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types I and II mRNAs in the fetal rat brain suggest a complex control of glucocorticoid actions.

1998 • 226 citations

Macrophage glucocorticoid receptors regulate Toll-like receptor 4–mediated inflammatory responses by selective inhibition of p38 MAP kinase

2007 • 225 citations

Effects of early prenatal dexamethasone on the cognitive and behavioral development of young children: Results of a pilot study

1995 • 224 citations

Prediction From Low Birth Weight to Female Adolescent Depression

2007 • 224 citations

Hypertension induced by foetal exposure to a maternal low-protein diet, in the rat, is prevented by pharmacological blockade of maternal glucocorticoid synthesis

1997 • 223 citations

Altered Control of Cortisol Secretion in Adult Men with Low Birth Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2001 • 221 citations

Long-term effects of prenatal stress experience and postnatal maternal separation on emotionality and attentional processes

2000 • 221 citations

Antenatal dexamethasone and decreased birth weight

2001 • 220 citations

Physiologic Programming of the Fetus

1998 • 219 citations

Neonatal handling reverses behavioral abnormalities induced in rats by prenatal stress

1990 • 218 citations

RETRACTED: Maternal adversity, glucocorticoids and programming of neuroendocrine function and behaviour

2004 • 214 citations

Mouse embryo culture induces changes in postnatal phenotype including raised systolic blood pressure

2007 • 212 citations

Chronic maternal stress inhibits the capacity to up-regulate placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity

2005 • 210 citations

11 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and the Syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess

1997 • 206 citations

Defective cerebellar response to mitogenic Hedgehog signaling in Down's syndrome mice

2006 • 204 citations

Catechol O-Methyltransferase Gene Variant and Birth Weight Predict Early-Onset Antisocial Behavior in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2005 • 204 citations

Distinct Ontogeny of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptor and 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Types I and II mRNAs in the Fetal Rat Brain Suggest a Complex Control of Glucocorticoid Actions

1998 • 201 citations

Basal ACTH, Corticosterone and Corticosterone-Binding Globulin Levels over the Diurnal Cycle, and Age-Related Changes in Hippocampal Type I and Type II Corticosteroid Receptor Binding Capacity in Young and Aged, Handled and Nonhandled Rats

1992 • 200 citations

Prenatal stress increases corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) content and release in rat amygdala minces

1995 • 200 citations

Size at birth and adrenocortical function in childhood

1996 • 199 citations

Glucocorticoid Hormones and Early Brain Development in Schizophrenia

2002 • 199 citations

The impact of prenatal stress, fetal alcohol exposure, or both on development: perspectives from a primate model

2002 • 199 citations

Antenatal corticosteroids revisited: repeat courses— National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement, August 17–18, 2000

2001 • 195 citations

Adrenal steroids regulate postnatal development of the rat dentate gyrus: II. Effects of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids on cell birth

1991 • 193 citations

Cloning and production of antisera to human placental 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2

1996 • 191 citations

Effects of prenatal stress on defensive withdrawal behavior and corticotropin releasing factor systems in rat brain

2000 • 191 citations

The Mother or the Fetus? 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Null Mice Provide Evidence for Direct Fetal Programming of Behavior by Endogenous Glucocorticoids

2006 • 191 citations

Parental Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as a Vulnerability Factor for Low Cortisol Trait in Offspring of Holocaust Survivors

2007 • 189 citations

Elevated levels of umbilical cord plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone in growth-retarded fetuses

1993 • 189 citations

Twenty-Year Follow-Up of Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment

2000 • 188 citations

Low protein diet fed exclusively during mouse oocyte maturation leads to behavioural and cardiovascular abnormalities in offspring

2008 • 188 citations

Enhanced sensitivity to glucocorticoids in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in posttraumatic stress disorder

2004 • 187 citations

Maternal Care Modulates the Relationship between Prenatal Risk and Hippocampal Volume in Women But Not in Men

2007 • 187 citations

Programming effects of short prenatal exposure to cortisol

2002 • 186 citations

Neurosteroids as modulators of neurogenesis and neuronal survival

2008 • 186 citations

School Progress and Cognitive Development of 6-Year-Old Children Whose Mothers Were Treated Antenatally with Betamethasone

1982 • 185 citations

Prenatal treatment and diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia owing to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

1995 • 183 citations

Neonatal handling alters serotonin (5-HT) turnover and 5-HT2 receptor binding in selected brain regions: relationship to the handling effect on glucocorticoid receptor expression

1994 • 177 citations

Examination of Genotype and Phenotype Relationships in 14 Patients with Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess¹

1998 • 177 citations

Postnatal Stress in Birds: A Novel Model of Glucocorticoid Programming of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

2008 • 172 citations

Testing the fetal origins hypothesis in twins: the Birmingham twin study

2001 • 166 citations

Differential Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Types 1 and 2 in Human Placenta and Fetal Membranes¹

1997 • 164 citations

Dehydroepiandrosterone and allopregnanolone protect sympathoadrenal medulla cells against apoptosis via antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins

2004 • 163 citations

Prenatal diagnosis and treatment of 21-hydroxylase deficiency

1993 • 162 citations

Altered Placental Function of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2 Knockout Mice

2008 • 162 citations

Central corticosteroid actions: Search for gene targets

2008 • 161 citations

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Acquisition, Recognition, Course, and Treatment

2004 • 159 citations

The Effects of Repeated Antenatal Glucocorticoid Therapy on the Developing Brain

2001 • 157 citations

Rapid stress-induced elevations in corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in rat central amygdala nucleus and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: An in situ hybridization analysis

1998 • 156 citations

Serotonin regulates type II corticosteroid receptor binding in hippocampal cell cultures

1990 • 153 citations

Glucocorticoid Receptor Homodimers and Glucocorticoid-Mineralocorticoid Receptor Heterodimers Form in the Cytoplasm through Alternative Dimerization Interfaces

2001 • 153 citations

Prenatal psychosocial stress exposure is associated with insulin resistance in young adults

2008 • 152 citations

Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid-receptor-mediated Repression of Gene Expression

1999 • 152 citations

The effect of prenatal betamethasone administration on postnatal ovine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function

2002 • 152 citations

5'-Heterogeneity of Glucocorticoid Receptor Messenger RNA Is Tissue Specific: Differential Regulation of Variant Transcripts by Early-Life Events

2000 • 152 citations

Hypophysiotropic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus respond in spatially, temporally, and phenotypically differentiated manners to acute vs. repeated restraint stress: Rapid publication

2002 • 150 citations

Use of Corticosteroids by Australian Obstetricians—A Survey of Clinical Practice

1998 • 150 citations

Heterodimerization between mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors increases the functional diversity of corticosteroid action

1996 • 149 citations

Novel glucocorticoid receptor coactivator effector mechanisms

2001 • 149 citations

Postnatal environment can counteract prenatal effects on cognitive ability, cell proliferation, and synaptic protein expression

2003 • 146 citations

Are we prescribing multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids? A survey of practice in the UK

1999 • 145 citations

Irreversible Androgenic Programming at Birth of Microsomal and Soluble Rat Liver Enzymes Active on 4-Androstene-3,17-dione and 5α-Androstane-3α,17β-diol

1974 • 142 citations

Psychological trauma associated with the World Trade Center attacks and its effect on pregnancy outcome

2005 • 141 citations

Repeated prenatal corticosteroid administration delays myelination of the corpus callosum in fetal sheep

2001 • 140 citations

Forebrain mineralocorticoid receptor overexpression enhances memory, reduces anxiety and attenuates neuronal loss in cerebral ischaemia

2007 • 139 citations

Cardiovascular and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis development in late gestation fetal sheep and young lambs following modest maternal nutrient restriction in early gestation

2000 • 137 citations

HPA axis hyperactivity and attempted suicide in young adult mood disorder inpatients

2008 • 136 citations

Ontogeny of glucocorticoid receptor and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 gene expression identifies potential critical periods of glucocorticoid susceptibility during development

2004 • 136 citations

The Excitatory Effects of the Amygdala on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Responses Are Mediated by Hypothalamic Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and CRF-41

1998 • 136 citations

Placental weight, birth measurements, and blood pressure at age 8 years.

1996 • 135 citations

Early adrenalectomy stimulates subsequent growth and development of the rat brain

1983 • 135 citations

Progeny of mothers drinking corticosterone during lactation has lower stress-induced corticosterone secretion and better cognitive performance

1993 • 134 citations

The effects of prenatal stress on the development of hypothalamic paraventricular neurons in fetal rats

1999 • 133 citations

Maternal, but not fetal, administration of corticosteroids restricts fetal growth

1999 • 133 citations

Maternal glucocorticoid treatment modulates placental leptin and leptin receptor expression and materno-fetal leptin physiology during late pregnancy, and elicits hypertension associated with hyperleptinaemia in the early-growth-retarded adult offspring

2001 • 133 citations

Birth weight and psychological distress at age 45–51 years

2005 • 132 citations

Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Elevated Blood Pressure in Low Birth Weight, Nonobese, Young South African Adults: Early Programming of Cortisol Axis

2000 • 131 citations

The role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the brain

2006 • 129 citations

Examination of Genotype and Phenotype Relationships in 14 Patients with Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess

1998 • 129 citations

Expression of Type 2 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and Corticosteroid Hormone Receptors in Early Human Fetal Life¹

1998 • 128 citations

Programming of Rat Muscle and Fat Metabolism by in Utero Overexposure to Glucocorticoids

2003 • 128 citations

Reduced 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Activity Is Associated with Decreased Birth Weight Centile in Pregnancies Complicated by Asthma

2002 • 128 citations

Mild prenatal stress enhances learning performance in the non-adopted rat offspring

2001 • 127 citations

Role of experimental conditions in determining differences in exploratory behavior of prenatally stressed rats

1996 • 127 citations

The effect of a chronic maternal cortisol infusion on the late-gestation fetal sheep

2002 • 124 citations

Granule cell genesis in the hippocampus of rats treated neonatally with hydrocortisone

1980 • 123 citations

Cognitive and Motor Development of Children with and without Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia after Early-Prenatal Dexamethasone

2004 • 121 citations

Glucocorticoid exposure at the dose used clinically alters cytoskeletal proteins and presynaptic terminals in the fetal baboon brain

2002 • 119 citations

The Maternal Diet during Pregnancy Programs Altered Expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Type 2 11 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase: Potential Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Programming of Hypertension in Utero

2001 • 116 citations

Type 2 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase messenger ribonucleic acid and activity in human placenta and fetal membranes: its relationship to birth weight and putative role in fetal adrenal steroidogenesis

1995 • 116 citations

Type 2 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human fetal tissues.

1994 • 116 citations

Epigenetic effects of glucocorticoids

2009 • 116 citations

Cadmium reduces 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity and expression in human placental trophoblast cells

2005 • 115 citations

Therapeutic Potential of Neurogenesis for Prevention and Recovery from Alzheimers Disease: Allopregnanolone as a Proof of Concept Neurogenic Agent

2006 • 112 citations

Tissue-Specific Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Types 1 and 2 and the Glucocorticoid Receptor within Rat Placenta Suggests Exquisite Local Control of Glucocorticoid Action¹

1998 • 111 citations

Hedgehog signaling has a protective effect in glucocorticoid-induced mouse neonatal brain injury through an 11βHSD2-dependent mechanism

2009 • 109 citations

The neurosteroid 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one induces cytoarchitectural regression in cultured fetal hippocampal neurons

1994 • 106 citations

Metabolism of Synthetic Steroids by the Human Placenta

2006 • 104 citations

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in the postnatal and adult rat brain

1998 • 102 citations

Concentrations of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in the umbilical-cord blood of pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia

1995 • 101 citations

Altered cardiovascular haemodynamics and baroreceptor–heart rate reflex in adult sheep after prenatal exposure to dexamethasone

1999 • 100 citations

Impact of adrenalectomy on 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptor gene expression in the rat hippocampus

1997 • 99 citations

Antenatal glucocorticoids and growth: single versus multiple doses in animal and human studies

2001 • 99 citations

Dynamic changes in glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA in the developing guinea pig brain

1998 • 99 citations

Prenatal treatment and diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia owing to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency

1995 • 98 citations

Modulation of susceptibility to weight gain and insulin resistance in low birthweight rats by treatment of their mothers with leptin during pregnancy and lactation

2003 • 98 citations

11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (E.C. 1.1.1.146) in human placenta and decidua

1980 • 97 citations

Pharmacologic Enhancement of Fetal Lung Maturation

1994 • 97 citations

Inhibition of placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 by catecholamines via α-adrenergic signaling

2001 • 96 citations

Ontogeny of hippocampal corticosteroid receptors: Effects of antenatal glucocorticoids in human and mouse

2006 • 94 citations

Enduring effects of severe developmental adversity, including nutritional deprivation, on cortisol metabolism in aging Holocaust survivors

2009 • 93 citations

The ontogeny of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression reveal intricate control of glucocorticoid action in development

1996 • 92 citations

Differential regulation of steroid 5α‐reductase isozymes expression by androgens in the adult rat brain

2003 • 91 citations

Sex differences in plasma corticosterone in mouse fetuses are mediated by differential placental transport from the mother and eliminated by maternal adrenalectomy or stress

1993 • 89 citations

Circadian rise in maternal glucocorticoid prevents pulmonary dysplasia in fetal mice with adrenal insufficiency

2000 • 88 citations

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 protects the neonatal cerebellum from deleterious effects of glucocorticoids

2005 • 87 citations

Programming of brainstem serotonin transporter development by prenatal glucocorticoids

1996 • 86 citations

Restructuring the neuronal stress response with anti-glucocorticoid gene delivery

2004 • 85 citations

Prenatal corticosterone treatment induces long-term changes in spontaneous and apomorphine-mediated motor activity in male and female rats

1997 • 84 citations

Maternal Undernutrition during Late Gestation Induces Fetal Overexposure to Glucocorticoids and Intrauterine Growth Retardation, and Disturbs the Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis in the Newborn Rat

2001 • 84 citations

Glucocorticoids Stimulate the Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 in Cultured Human Placental Trophoblast Cells

2004 • 84 citations

Cloning of the mouse 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene: tissue specific expression and localization in distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney.

1995 • 83 citations

Prenatal corticosterone increases spontaneous and d-amphetamine induced locomotor activity and brain dopamine metabolism in prepubertal male and female rats

1995 • 83 citations

Is There a Fetal Origin of Depression? Evidence from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy and Its Outcomes

2006 • 83 citations

Differential timing for programming of glucose homoeostasis, sensitivity to insulin and blood pressure by in utero exposure to dexamethasone in sheep

2000 • 83 citations

Blood pressure in prospective population based cohort of newborn and infant twins

1994 • 82 citations

Antenatal corticosteroid therapy and blood pressure at 14 years of age in preterm children

2000 • 82 citations

Prevention of diet-induced obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in rats following administration of leptin to their mothers

2007 • 82 citations

Molecular genetic analysis of glucocorticoid signaling during mouse development

1995 • 82 citations

Repeated Antenatal Glucocorticoid Treatment Decreases Hypothalamic Corticotropin Releasing Hormone mRNA but not Corticosteroid Receptor mRNA Expression in the Fetal Guinea‐Pig Brain

2001 • 81 citations

Programming Neuroendocrine Stress Axis Activity by Exposure to Glucocorticoids during Postembryonic Development of the Frog, Xenopus laevis

2008 • 79 citations

Cognitive and Psychosocial Development of 4-Year-Old Children Whose Mothers Were Treated Antenatally with Betamethasone

1981 • 77 citations

Repeated prenatal corticosteroid administration delays astrocyte and capillary tight junction maturation in fetal sheep

2001 • 73 citations

Reduced Placental 11 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 mRNA Levels in Human Pregnancies Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction: An Analysis of Possible Mechanisms

2001 • 71 citations

The Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Is Induced during Trophoblast Differentiation: Effects of Hypoxia

2002 • 71 citations

HPA axis hyperactivity as suicide predictor in elderly mood disorder inpatients

2008 • 71 citations

Programmed hypertension: kidney, brain or both?

2002 • 70 citations

Variation in placental type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity is not related to birth weight or placental weight

1997 • 69 citations

Alterations in the intrauterine environment by glucocorticoids modifies the developmental programme of the auditory system

2003 • 64 citations

Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2001 • 63 citations

Long-Term Outcome of Prenatal Treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

2008 • 62 citations

Impact of maternal undernutrition on diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in adult offspring

2009 • 61 citations

The Preimplantation Embryo: Handle with Care

2008 • 60 citations

Antenatal glucocorticoid treatment is not associated with long-term metabolic risks in individuals born before 32 weeks of gestation

2008 • 60 citations

Mineralocorticoid receptor expression and increased survival following neuronal injury

2003 • 58 citations

Prenatal programming of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α in the rat: a key mechanism in the ‘foetal origins of hyperglycaemia’?

2006 • 58 citations

Glucocorticoid receptor gene expression during rat embryogenesis. An in situ hybridization study

1997 • 58 citations

Effect of prenatal stress on the hormonal response to acute and chronic stress and on immune parameters in the offspring

2002 • 55 citations

Association between umbilical cord glucocorticoids and blood pressure at age 3 years

2008 • 53 citations

Modulation of MDR1 and CYP3A Expression by Dexamethasone: Evidence for an Inverse Regulation in Adrenals

1998 • 53 citations

Molecular regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis in adult male guinea pigs after prenatal stress at different stages of gestation

2008 • 53 citations

Site-specific regulation of corticosteroid and serotonin receptor subtype gene expression in the rat hippocampus following 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine: role of corticosterone and serotonin

1997 • 52 citations

On the role of glucocorticoid receptors in brain plasticity

1996 • 49 citations

Growth and development of children to 4 years of age after repeated antenatal steroid administration

2001 • 48 citations

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ Suppresses 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Gene Expression in Human Placental Trophoblast Cells

2005 • 46 citations

Expression of mRNA coding for the serotonin transporter in aged vs. young rat brain: differential effects of glucocorticoids

1996 • 46 citations

Expression of Androgen‐Activating Enzymes in Cultured Cells of Developing Rat Brain

1997 • 46 citations

Production rate, metabolic clearance rate and uterine extraction of corticosterone during rat pregnancy

1994 • 44 citations

Differential Expression of 11 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Types 1 and 2 in Human Placenta and Fetal Membranes

1997 • 43 citations

Corticosteroid metabolism in vitro by humanplacenta, fetal membranes and decidua in early and late gestation

1981 • 43 citations

11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Is the Predominant Isozyme in the Guinea Pig Placenta: Decreases in Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Activity at Term1

1998 • 42 citations

Prostaglandins and Leukotriene B4 Are Potent Inhibitors of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Activity in Human Choriocarcinoma JEG-3 Cells1

1999 • 42 citations

Reduced 11 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Activity Is Associated with Decreased Birth Weight Centile in Pregnancies Complicated by Asthma

2002 • 41 citations

Type 2 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human fetal tissues

1994 • 39 citations

Altered cardiovascular haemodynamics and baroreceptor‒heart rate reflex in adult sheep after prenatal exposure to dexamethasone

1999 • 37 citations

Tissue-Specific Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression of 11 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Types 1 and 2 and the Glucocorticoid Receptor within Rat Placenta Suggests Exquisite Local Control of Glucocorticoid Action

1998 • 36 citations

Is programming of glucocorticoid receptor expression by prenatal dexamethasone in the rat secondary to metabolic derangement in adulthood?

2003 • 34 citations

Antenatal Betamethasone and Fetal Growth in Prematurely Born Children: Implications for Temperament Traits at the Age of 2 Years

2008 • 33 citations

Effects of different corticosteroids on the brain weight and hippocampal neuronal loss in rats

2008 • 32 citations

Fetal osteocalcin levels are related to placental 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in humans

1995 • 30 citations

Cloning of the mouse 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene: tissue specific expression and localization in distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney

1995 • 28 citations

Early Developmental History and Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

1994 • 28 citations

Differential timing for programming of glucose homoeostasis, sensitivity to insulin and blood pressure by in utero exposure to dexamethasone in sheep

2000 • 28 citations

Immunohistochemical presence of 5 α-reductase rat type I -containing cells in the rat brain

1996 • 26 citations

Influence of maternal adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid administration on the development of rat cerebral cortex

1995 • 23 citations

Effects of Prenatal Stress on the Activity of an Enzyme Involved in Neurosteroid Synthesis During the “Critical Period” of Sexual Differentiation of the Brain in Male Rats

2005 • 20 citations

Glucocorticoid receptors immunoreactivity in tissue of human embryos

1996 • 20 citations

ANTENATAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS: IS THERE CAUSE FOR CONCERN?

2003 • 14 citations

Effects of testosterone on brain mRNA levels of steroid 5α-reductase isozymes in early postnatal life of rat

2006 • 13 citations

Ontogeny of 3β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and 5α‐Reductase in the Frog Brain

2005 • 12 citations