The molecular basis of skeletal muscle atrophy

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The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Proteolytic Pathway: Destruction for the Sake of Construction

2002 • 4,069 citations

Identification of Ubiquitin Ligases Required for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

2001 • 3,292 citations

Foxo Transcription Factors Induce the Atrophy-Related Ubiquitin Ligase Atrogin-1 and Cause Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

2004 • 2,779 citations

Akt/mTOR pathway is a crucial regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and can prevent muscle atrophy in vivo

2001 • 2,539 citations

Atrogin-1, a muscle-specific F-box protein highly expressed during muscle atrophy

2001 • 1,714 citations

Mediation of IGF-1-induced skeletal myotube hypertrophy by PI(3)K/Akt/mTOR and PI(3)K/Akt/GSK3 pathways

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Translational control of gene expression

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IKKβ/NF-κB Activation Causes Severe Muscle Wasting in Mice

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NF-κB-Induced Loss of MyoD Messenger RNA: Possible Role in Muscle Decay and Cachexia

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Regulation of elongation factor 2 kinase by p90RSK1 and p70 S6 kinase

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Muscle Protein Breakdown and the Critical Role of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in Normal and Disease States

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Activation of caspase-3 is an initial step triggering accelerated muscle proteolysis in catabolic conditions

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Atrophy of the soleus muscle by hindlimb unweighting

1990 • 632 citations

Organization of the human myostatin gene and expression in healthy men and HIV-infected men with muscle wasting

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Physiology of a Microgravity Environment Invited Review: Microgravity and skeletal muscle

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Skeletal muscle myocytes undergo protein loss and reactive oxygen-mediated NF-κB activation in response to tumor necrosis factor α

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The candidate proto-oncogene bcl-3 encodes a transcriptional coactivator that activates through NF-kappa B p50 homodimers.

1993 • 416 citations

What do we really know about the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in muscle atrophy?

2001 • 412 citations

NF-κB mediates the protein loss induced by TNF-α in differentiated skeletal muscle myotubes

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Glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with upregulation of myostatin gene expression

2003 • 397 citations

Myostatin inhibits cell proliferation and protein synthesis in C₂C₁₂ muscle cells

2001 • 392 citations

Intracellular signaling during skeletal muscle atrophy

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Identification of muscle specific ring finger proteins as potential regulators of the titin kinase domain

2001 • 383 citations

Hindlimb unloading increases oxidative stress and disrupts antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle

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Skeletal muscle myostatin mRNA expression is fiber-type specific and increases during hindlimb unloading

1999 • 363 citations

Patterns of gene expression in atrophying skeletal muscles: response to food deprivation

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Role of calpain in skeletal-muscle protein degradation

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Hydrogen peroxide stimulates ubiquitin-conjugating activity and expression of genes for specific E2 and E3 proteins in skeletal muscle myotubes

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Spherical reflector as an electromagnetic-missile launcher

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Effect of glucocorticoid administration on the rate of muscle protein breakdown in vivo in rats, as measured by urinary excretion of Nτ-methylhistidine

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Muscle Cachexia: Current Concepts of Intracellular Mechanisms and Molecular Regulation

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Coordinate activation of lysosomal, Ca2+-activated and ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteinases in the unweighted rat soleus muscle

1996 • 278 citations

Control of Ser2448 Phosphorylation in the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin by Insulin and Skeletal Muscle Load

2002 • 276 citations

Activation of an alternative <scp>NF‐ΚB</scp> pathway in skeletal muscle during disuse atrophy

2002 • 275 citations

FOXO Forkhead Transcription Factors Induce G2-M Checkpoint in Response to Oxidative Stress

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Global analysis of gene expression patterns during disuse atrophy in rat skeletal muscle

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The Grb10/Nedd4 Complex Regulates Ligand-Induced Ubiquitination and Stability of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor

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TNF‐α increases ubiquitin‐conjugating activity in skeletal muscle by up‐regulating UbcH2/E2_20k

2003 • 249 citations

Induction of protein catabolism and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by mild oxidative stress

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Muscle wasting in a rat model of long-lasting sepsis results from the activation of lysosomal, Ca2+ -activated, and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathways.

1996 • 222 citations

Disruption of either the Nfkb1 or the Bcl3 gene inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy

2004 • 218 citations

Expression of a calpastatin transgene slows muscle wasting and obviates changes in myosin isoform expression during murine muscle disuse

2002 • 216 citations

Sepsis upregulates the gene expression of multiple ubiquitin ligases in skeletal muscle

2003 • 215 citations

Mdm2-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor

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Overexpression of Interleukin-15 Induces Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Vitro: Implications for Treatment of Muscle Wasting Disorders

2002 • 212 citations

NF-kappa B p105 is a target of Ikappa B kinases and controls signal induction of Bcl-3-p50 complexes

1999 • 204 citations

Proinflammatory cytokines, nutritional support, and the cachexia syndrome

1997 • 201 citations

The IκB Kinase (IKK) Inhibitor, NEMO-binding Domain Peptide, Blocks Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Erosion in Inflammatory Arthritis

2004 • 195 citations

Sepsis stimulates release of myofilaments in skeletal muscle by a calcium‐dependent mechanism

1999 • 191 citations

Space shuttle flight (STS‐90) enhances degradation of rat myosin heavy chain in association with activation of ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway

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IGF-binding protein-5: flexible player in the IGF system and effector on its own

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Atrophy responses to muscle inactivity. II. Molecular markers of protein deficits

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Myostatin and insulin-like growth factor-I and -II expression in the muscle of rats exposed to the microgravity environment of the NeuroLab space shuttle flight

2000 • 176 citations

Modulating skeletal muscle mass by postnatal, muscle‐specific inactivation of the myostatin gene

2003 • 174 citations

Myogenic Akt Signaling Regulates Blood Vessel Recruitment during Myofiber Growth

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Identification of cathepsin L as a differentially expressed message associated with skeletal muscle wasting

2001 • 157 citations

Rates of ubiquitin conjugation increase when muscles atrophy, largely through activation of the N-end rule pathway

1998 • 155 citations

Regulation of translation factors during hindlimb unloading and denervation of skeletal muscle in rats

2001 • 154 citations

Molecular Regulation of Muscle Cachexia: It May Be More Than the Proteasome

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Glucocorticoids Induce Proteasome C3 Subunit Expression in L6 Muscle Cells by Opposing the Suppression of Its Transcription by NF-κB

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Construction and Analysis of Mouse Strains Lacking the Ubiquitin Ligase UBR1 (E3α) of the N-End Rule Pathway

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Cardiac Ankyrin Repeat Protein Is a Novel Marker of Cardiac Hypertrophy

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Effect of inactivity and passive stretch on protein turnover in phasic and postural rat muscles

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Increased expression of the ubiquitin – proteasome pathway in murine myotubes by proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF) is associated with activation of the transcription factor NF-κB

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The activation of protein degradation in muscle by Ca2+ or muscle injury does not involve a lysosomal mechanism

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Intratumoral injection of oligonucleotides to the NFκB binding site inhibits cachexia in a mouse tumor model

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Cleavage of caspases-1, -3, -6, -8 and -9 substrates by proteases in skeletal muscles from mice undergoing cancer cachexia

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Regulation of NFKB1 proteins by the candidate oncoprotein BCL-3: generation of NF-kappa B homodimers from the cytoplasmic pool of p50-p105 and nuclear translocation

1997 • 112 citations

Identification of cathepsin L as a differentially expressed message associated with skeletal muscle wasting

2001 • 109 citations

Patterns of global gene expression in rat skeletal muscle during unloading and low-intensity ambulatory activity

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Complement Activation Promotes Muscle Inflammation during Modified Muscle Use

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The Transcription Factors NF-κB and AP-1 Are Differentially Regulated in Skeletal Muscle during Sepsis

2001 • 100 citations

Regulation of IGF‐I, IGFBP‐4 and IGFBP‐5 gene expression by loading in mouse skeletal muscle

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Myostatin-deficient mice lose more skeletal muscle mass than wild-type controls during hindlimb suspension

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Different mechanisms of increased proteolysis in atrophy induced by denervation or unweighting of rat soleus muscle

1990 • 97 citations

Ectopic expression of IGF‐I and Shh by skeletal muscle inhibits disuse‐mediated skeletal muscle atrophy and bone osteopenia in vivo

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Prolonged unloading of rat soleus muscle causes distinct adaptations of the gene profile

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Direct Inhibition of NF-κB Blocks Bone Erosion Associated with Inflammatory Arthritis

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Mitochondria Mediate Tumor Necrosis Factor-α/NF-κB Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Myotubes

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Effects of zero gravity on myofibril content and isomyosin distribution in rodent skeletal muscle

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Interaction between corticosterone and tumor necrosis factor stimulated protein breakdown in rat skeletal muscle, similar to sepsis.

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Myostatin in Muscle Growth and Repair

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Ubiquitin-protein ligases in muscle wasting: multiple parallel pathways?

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Torbafylline (HWA 448) inhibits enhanced skeletal muscle ubiquitin‒proteasome-dependent proteolysis in cancer and septic rats

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Activation of caspase-3 is an initial step triggering accelerated muscle proteolysis in catabolic conditions

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Energy metabolism pathways in rat muscle under conditions of simulated microgravity

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The Critical Role of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in Muscle Wasting in Comparison to Lysosomal and Ca2+-Dependent Systems

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DANTROLENE REDUCES SERUM TNFα AND CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS AND MUSCLE CALCIUM, CALPAIN GENE EXPRESSION, AND PROTEIN BREAKDOWN IN SEPTIC RATS

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The meteoric rise of regulated intracellular proteolysis

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Translational Control: Implications for Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

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Signalling Pathways Regulating Protein Turnover in Skeletal Muscle

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Effect of glycogen synthase overexpression on insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake and storage

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Skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy induced by inhibitors of metalloproteases; myostatin as a potential mediator

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Skeletal Muscle-Specific Calpain, p94, and Connectin/Titin: Their Physiological Functions and Relationship to Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A

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Disuse atrophy, plasma corticosterone, and muscle glucocorticoid receptor levels.

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Time course of the response of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein metabolism to unweighting of the soleus muscle

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Torbafylline (HWA 448) inhibits enhanced skeletal muscle ubiquitin–proteasome-dependent proteolysis in cancer and septic rats

2002 • 41 citations

Stimulation of myofibrillar protein degradation and expression of mRNA encoding the ubiquitin-proteasome system in C2C12 myotubes by dexamethasone: effect of the proteasome inhibitor MG-132

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Role of glucocorticoids in the response of rat leg muscles to reduced activity

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Signal transduction pathways involved in proteolysis-inducing factor induced proteasome expression in murine myotubes

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Calpain II expression is increased by changes in mechanical loading of muscle in vivo

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Error-correcting microarray design

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Effect of tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1 on muscle amino acid uptake and the role of glucocorticoids.

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Effect of the antiglucocorticoid RU38486 on protein metabolism in unweighted soleus muscle

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Regulation of protein degradation in skeletal muscle

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