Adipose tissue as an endocrine and paracrine organ

Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease

1988 • 12,099 citations

Adipose Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α: Direct Role in Obesity-Linked Insulin Resistance

1993 • 7,219 citations

THE GLUCOSE FATTY-ACID CYCLE ITS ROLE IN INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND THE METABOLIC DISTURBANCES OF DIABETES MELLITUS

1963 • 5,061 citations

Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R

1995 • 3,498 citations

Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance.

1995 • 3,454 citations

IRS-1-Mediated Inhibition of Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activity in TNF-α- and Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance

1996 • 2,561 citations

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Releases Interleukin-6, But Not Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,in Vivo¹

1997 • 1,993 citations

Identification of targets of leptin action in rat hypothalamus.

1996 • 1,502 citations

Interleukin-6 triggers the association of its receptor with a possible signal transducer, gp130

1989 • 1,411 citations

The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase.

1995 • 1,316 citations

Molecular cloning and expression of an IL-6 signal transducer, gp130

1990 • 1,307 citations

The Leptin Receptor

1997 • 1,300 citations

Leptin: The Tale of an Obesity Gene

1996 • 987 citations

Endotoxin and cytokines induce expression of leptin, the ob gene product, in hamsters.

1996 • 864 citations

Interleukin‐6 is the major regulator of acute phase protein synthesis in adult human hepatocytes

1989 • 856 citations

Tumor necrosis factor soluble receptors circulate during experimental and clinical inflammation and can protect against excessive tumor necrosis factor alpha in vitro and in vivo.

1992 • 842 citations

Stabilization of the bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor by its soluble receptors.

1992 • 832 citations

Multiple Cytokines and Acute Inflammation Raise Mouse Leptin Levels: Potential Role in Inflammatory Anorexia

1997 • 798 citations

Reduced tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor in obesity-diabetes. Central role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

1994 • 792 citations

Leptin accelerates the onset of puberty in normal female mice.

1997 • 768 citations

Does central obesity reflect “Cushing's disease of the omentum”?

1997 • 755 citations

Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Adipose Tissue Development

1992 • 671 citations

The regulation of adipose tissue distribution in humans.

1996 • 652 citations

Human leptin levels are pulsatile and inversely related to pituitary–ardenal function

1997 • 632 citations

Adipose tissue as a source of hormones

1987 • 597 citations

Induction of β2-interferon by tumor necrosis factor: A homeostatic mechanism in the control of cell proliferation

1986 • 577 citations

Depot- and Sex-Specific Differences in Human Leptin mRNA Expression: Implications for the Control of Regional Fat Distribution

1997 • 554 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Is Accompanied by a Loss of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and GLUT4 Expression without a Loss of Insulin Receptor-mediated Signal Transduction

1997 • 543 citations

Techniques for the measurement of visceral fat: a practical guide.

1993 • 539 citations

Insulin and Cortisol Promote Leptin Production in Cultured Human Fat Cells

1996 • 464 citations

Leptin Impairs Metabolic Actions of Insulin in Isolated Rat Adipocytes

1997 • 463 citations

Leptin Treatment Rescues the Sterility of Genetically Obese ob/ob Males*

1997 • 456 citations

Shedding of tumor necrosis factor receptors by activated human neutrophils.

1990 • 443 citations

In vivo regulation of lipolysis in humans.

1994 • 416 citations

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha contributes to obesity-related hyperleptinemia by regulating leptin release from adipocytes.

1997 • 405 citations

PAI-1, Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Risk of Cardiovascular Events

1997 • 385 citations

Aromatase expression in health and disease.

1997 • 360 citations

Effect of fatty acids on energy coupling processes in mitochondria

1993 • 352 citations

Human soluble IL-6 receptor: its detection and enhanced release by HIV infection.

1992 • 342 citations

Cytokine modulation by glucocorticoids: mechanisms and actions in cellular studies.

1996 • 333 citations

Interleukins-1 and -6 Stimulate the Release of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-41 from Rat Hypothalamusin Vitrovia the Eicosanoid Cyclooxygenase Pathway*

1991 • 331 citations

INTERLEUKIN-6 STIMULATES ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE RELEASEIN VITRO.

1989 • 323 citations

Insulin resistance associated with lower rates of weight gain in Pima Indians.

1991 • 322 citations

Evidence for a Novel Peripheral Action of Leptin as a Metabolic Signal to the Adrenal Gland: Leptin Inhibits Cortisol Release Directly

1997 • 320 citations

The Leptin Receptor Activates Janus Kinase 2 and Signals for Proliferation in a Factor-Dependent Cell Line

1997 • 315 citations

Glucocorticoids as Counterregulatory Hormones of Leptin: Toward an Understanding of Leptin Resistance

1997 • 312 citations

Circulating Leptin Levels Are Modulated by Fasting, Cold Exposure and Insulin Administration in Lean but Not Zucker (fa/fa) Rats as Measured by ELISA

1996 • 307 citations

Acute cold-induced suppression of ob (obese) gene expression in white adipose tissue of mice: mediation by the sympathetic system

1995 • 293 citations

Interleukin 6 reduces lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue of mice in vivo and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: a possible role for interleukin 6 in cancer cachexia.

1992 • 283 citations

Noradrenaline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 production in human whole blood

1994 • 268 citations

Effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) on glucose transport and lipid metabolism of newly-differentiated human fat cells in cell culture

1995 • 265 citations

Effects of body fat distribution on regional lipolysis in obesity.

1991 • 256 citations

Endocrinologic and metabolic effects of interleukin-6 in humans

1995 • 254 citations

Glucose-Dependent Interleukin 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes In Vitro

1996 • 249 citations

Insulin increases plasma leptin concentrations in normal subjects and patients with NIDDM

1996 • 249 citations

Relatively low plasma leptin concentrations precede weight gain in Pima Indians

1997 • 243 citations

Obese Gene Expression Alters the Ability of 30A5 Preadipocytes to Respond to Lipogenic Hormones

1996 • 238 citations

Evidence for Leptin Binding to Proteins in Serum of Rodents and Humans: Modulation With Obesity

1996 • 236 citations

Exercise stimulates interleukin-6 secretion: inhibition by glucocorticoids and correlation with catecholamines

1996 • 230 citations

Dose Effects of Recombinant Human lnterleukin-6 on Pituitary Hormone Secretion and Energy Expenditure

1997 • 225 citations

Assessment of Body Composition With Use of Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry: Evaluation and Comparison With Other Methods

1993 • 217 citations

Leptin stimulates glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in C 2 C 12 myotubes: evidence for a PI3-kinase mediated effect

1997 • 207 citations

Cytokines Act within the Brain to Inhibit Luteinizing Hormone Secretion and Ovulation in the Rat*

1990 • 205 citations

Leptin Receptor Action in Hepatic Cells

1997 • 204 citations

Cytokines and cachexia

1997 • 196 citations

Aromatase activity and interleukin-6 production by normal and malignant breast tissues.

1995 • 193 citations

Relationship of Androgenic Activity to Splanchnic Insulin Metabolism and Peripheral Glucose Utilization in Premenopausal Women*

1987 • 190 citations

Studies on the assembly of apo B-100-containing lipoproteins in HepG2 cells.

1988 • 186 citations

Inappropriate Gonadotropin Secretion in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Influence of Adiposity¹

1997 • 186 citations

The Effect of Interleukin-6 on Pituitary Hormone Release in vivo and in vitro

1991 • 181 citations

Catecholamine resistance in fat cells of women with upper-body obesity due to decreased expression of beta2-adrenoceptors

1994 • 179 citations

Reduced testosterone and adrenal C19 steroid levels in obese men

1995 • 171 citations

Leptin and the pituitary–thyroid axis: a comparative study in lean, obese, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid subjects

1998 • 170 citations

Insulin resistance: an adaptation for weight maintenance

1992 • 169 citations

Endocrine abnormalities of obesity

1995 • 168 citations

Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Blood Flow: Variation within and between Subjects and Relationship to Obesity

1996 • 166 citations

Glucocorticoid hormone binding to human adipose tissue

1985 • 159 citations

Adipsin/Acylation Stimulating Protein System in Human Adipocytes: Regulation of Triacylglycerol Synthesis

1994 • 150 citations

Visceral fat in relation to health: is it a major culprit or simply an innocent bystander?

1997 • 148 citations

Visceral fat accumulation in relation to sex hormones in obese men and women undergoing weight loss therapy.

1994 • 143 citations

Insulin resistance in visceral obesity.

1991 • 140 citations

Isoproterenol and Somatostatin Decrease Plasma Leptin in Humans: A Novel Mechanism Regulating Leptin Secretion¹

1997 • 128 citations

Reproductive endocrinologic alterations in female asymptomatic obesity

1989 • 124 citations

In vivo resistance of lipolysis to epinephrine. A new feature of childhood onset obesity.

1997 • 121 citations

Thyroid Hormones Influence Serum Leptin Concentrations in the Rat

1997 • 119 citations

Interleukin-6 Enhances Glucose Transport in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

1996 • 118 citations

Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α/Cachectin on Thyroid Hormone Metabolism in Mice*

1988 • 118 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor Promotes Phosphorylation and Binding of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 to Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

1996 • 117 citations

Rapid Inhibition ofobGene Expression and Circulating Leptin Levels in Lean Mice by the β3-Adrenoceptor Agonists BRL 35135A and ZD2079

1996 • 116 citations

Effects of Cell-Permeable Ceramides and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Insulin Signaling and Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

1998 • 112 citations

Influence of Thyroid Status on Serum Immunoreactive Leptin Levels¹

1997 • 109 citations

Cytokines and hypothalamic-pituitary function

1993 • 109 citations

CNS regulation of thermogenesis.

1994 • 107 citations

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors in cellular signaling of soluble and membrane-expressed TNF.

1995 • 107 citations

The Effect of Glucose and Advanced Glycosylation End Products on IL‐6 Production by Human Monocytes

1994 • 107 citations

Acute in vitro production of acylation stimulating protein in differentiated human adipocytes.

1997 • 102 citations

Insulin resistance, adipose tissue and coronary heart disease

1992 • 101 citations

Regional variation of adipose differentiation in cultured stromal-vascular cells from the abdominal and femoral adipose tissue of obese women.

1991 • 100 citations

Leptin Concentrations, Sex Hormones, and Cortisol in Nondiabetic Men1

1997 • 100 citations

Regulation of Expression of Leptin mRNA and Secretion of Leptin by Thyroid Hormone in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

1997 • 98 citations

Leptin and OB-R: Body weight regulation by a cytokine receptor

1996 • 95 citations

Identification of steroid receptors in human adipose tissue

1996 • 94 citations

Regulation of lipid metabolism by cytokines during host defense

1996 • 92 citations

Dexamethasone stimulates leptin release from human adipocytes: Unexpected inhibition by insulin

1997 • 92 citations

Evidence for sex steroid inhibition of lipoprotein lipase in men: Comparison of abdominal and femoral adipose tissue

1997 • 85 citations

Effect of isoprenaline on plasma leptin and lipolysis in humans

1998 • 84 citations

Thyroid Dysfunction Is Not Associated with Alterations in Serum Leptin Levels

1997 • 79 citations

The role of interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide-induced weight loss, hypoglycemia and fibrinogen production, in vivo

1993 • 76 citations

Characterization of differentiation factor/leukaemia inhibitory factor effect of lipoprotein lipase activity and mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

1994 • 76 citations

Fatty acids regulate the expression of lipoprotein lipase gene and activity in preadipose and adipose cells

1996 • 72 citations

The Molecular Biology of Interleukin 6 and its Receptor

2007 • 68 citations

Cytokine-dependent gp130 receptor subunit regulates human fetal pituitary adrenocorticotropin hormone and growth hormone secretion.

1997 • 67 citations

Recombinant soluble human interleukin‐6 receptor

1993 • 67 citations

Association of recombinant soluble IL-6-signal transducer, gp130, with a complex of IL 6 and soluble IL-6 receptor, and establishment of an ELISA for soluble gp130

1992 • 66 citations

Effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone on ovarian estrogen production in vitro.

1996 • 64 citations

Signal transduction pathway of acylation stimulating protein: involvement of protein kinase C

1995 • 63 citations

Expression of leptin and β3-adrenergic receptors in rat adipose tissue in altered thyroid states

1997 • 59 citations

Preparation of soluble murine IL-6 receptor and anti-murine IL-6 receptor antibodies.

1991 • 58 citations

The role of angiotensin II and its receptors in regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and cellularity.

1995 • 57 citations

Biosynthesis and half‐life of the interleukin‐6 receptor and its signal transducer gp130

1994 • 55 citations

Effect of IL-1 receptor antagonist and antiserum to TNF-alpha on LPS-induced plasma ACTH and corticosterone rise in rats

1994 • 55 citations

Alterations in calcium signaling and cellular responses in septic injury.

1996 • 55 citations

Interleukin 6 stimulates hepatic glucose release from prelabeled glycogen pools

1990 • 52 citations

Relationships and independence of body composition, sex hormones, fat distribution and other cardiovascular risk factors in overweight postmenopausal women.

1993 • 52 citations

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 activity and gene expression in human adipose stromal cells: Effect on aromatase activity

1997 • 44 citations

Lipoprotein lipase (EC3.1.1.34) targeting of lipoproteins to receptors

1997 • 40 citations

Acylation stimulating protein and the adipocyte

1997 • 29 citations

Periprandial systemic and regional lipase activity in normal humans

1996 • 27 citations

Differential impact of insulin and obesity on cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetic subjects.

1996 • 26 citations

In vivo Evidence that Arginine Vasopressin Is Involved in the Adrenocorticotropin Response Induced by lnterleukin-6 but Not by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in the Rat

1995 • 23 citations

Influence of Thyroxine In Vivo on Preadipocyte Development and Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐I and IGF Binding Protein Secretion in Fetal Stromal Vascular Cell Cultures

1996 • 21 citations

Hypothalamic opioid receptors mediate the inhibitory actions of corticotropin-releasing hormone on luteinizing hormone release: further evidence from a morphine-tolerant animal model

1988 • 21 citations

Induction of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Release by Interleukin‐6 In Vivo and In Vitroa

1992 • 19 citations

Human adipose tissue glycogen levels and responses to carbohydrate feeding.

1990 • 18 citations

New insights into the development of obesity: obese genes and the leptin system

1996 • 18 citations

Effect of interleukin-1 β, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 on the control of thyrotropin secretion

1995 • 16 citations

Expression of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase (3 beta-HSD) and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) in adipose tissue.

1991 • 15 citations

Interleukin-6 Stimulates Insulin Secretion in HIT-T 15 Cells

1995 • 14 citations

8 Down-regulation of cytokine action

1994 • 13 citations

The metabolic syndrome of human obesity.

1996 • 7 citations

The relation between triglyceride synthesis in peripheral tissues and postprandial plasma triglyceride levels: preliminary evidence of a role for acylation stimulating protein.

1992 • 4 citations