Managerial Leadership: A Review of Theory and Research

Harvard business review

1993 • 18,896 citations

Harvard Business Review

1988 • 18,717 citations

Organizational culture and leadership

1993 • 17,262 citations

The Social Psychology of Organizations.

1979 • 12,953 citations

Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations

1987 • 12,654 citations

The Theory of Social and Economic Organization.

1948 • 11,715 citations

The Nature of Managerial Work

1974 • 6,558 citations

Leadership in Organizations

1981 • 5,504 citations

The bases of social power.

1959 • 4,745 citations

Research in Organizational Behavior

2020 • 4,507 citations

In search of excellence: Lessons from America's best- run companies

1983 • 4,298 citations

Organizational culture and leadership

2012 • 3,942 citations

Administrative Science Quarterly

1981 • 3,775 citations

Power in organizations

1981 • 3,546 citations

Management of organizational behavior

1969 • 3,428 citations

A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness

1969 • 3,327 citations

Journal of Applied Psychology

2011 • 3,277 citations

A Spatial Model of Effectiveness Criteria: Towards a Competing Values Approach to Organizational Analysis

1983 • 3,238 citations

Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity.

1965 • 3,000 citations

A Path Goal Theory of Leader Effectiveness

1971 • 2,910 citations

A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership within formal organizations

1975 • 2,744 citations

Leadership in Organizations

1982 • 2,646 citations

A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness.

1968 • 2,538 citations

Power In and Around Organizations.

1985 • 2,503 citations

Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980.

1981 • 2,424 citations

Leadership and Decision-Making

1973 • 2,376 citations

A change of masters

2020 • 2,062 citations

Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity.

1965 • 1,792 citations

Substitutes for leadership: Their meaning and measurement

1978 • 1,679 citations

The Social Psychology of Organizations, (2nd Ed)

1979 • 1,670 citations

Toward a Behavioral Theory of Charismatic Leadership in Organizational Settings

1987 • 1,633 citations

The Case for Qualitative Research

1980 • 1,554 citations

Leader-Member Exchange Model of Leadership: A Critique and Further Development

1986 • 1,545 citations

Being in the Right Place: A Structural Analysis of Individual Influence in an Organization

1984 • 1,529 citations

Skills of an Effective Administrator

2009 • 1,512 citations

Integrating the Individual and the Organization.

1965 • 1,474 citations

A Strategic Contingencies' Theory of Intraorganizational Power

1971 • 1,391 citations

Business Unit Strategy, Managerial Characteristics, and Business Unit Effectiveness at Strategy Implementation.

1984 • 1,322 citations

Intraorganizational influence tactics: Explorations in getting one's way.

1980 • 1,290 citations

Goal setting—A motivational technique that works

1979 • 1,222 citations

Leadership and Ambiguity: The American College President

1975 • 1,200 citations

The Romance of Leadership

1985 • 1,123 citations

Moderating effects of initial leader–member exchange status on the effects of a leadership intervention.

1984 • 1,123 citations

Small Groups: Key Readings

2006 • 1,114 citations

Making Management Decisions: the Role of Intuition and Emotion

1987 • 1,112 citations

Leadership: The Cutting Edge.

1979 • 1,105 citations

The Human Organization: Its Management and Value

1967 • 1,102 citations

The General Managers.

1984 • 1,047 citations

Strategy Formation in an Adhocracy

1985 • 1,042 citations

The effects of leader—member exchange and job design on productivity and satisfaction: Testing a dual attachment model

1982 • 1,031 citations

Leading Workers to Lead Themselves: The External Leadership of Self- Managing Work Teams

1987 • 1,016 citations

The leadership challenge: How to get extraordinary things done in organizations

1987 • 1,016 citations

Life cycle theory of leadership.

1979 • 917 citations

PARTICIPATION, SATISFACTION, AND PRODUCTIVITY: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW.

1986 • 851 citations

Generalizing From Laboratory to Field Settings.

1987 • 757 citations

Transactional and Transformational Leadership: A Constructive/Developmental Analysis

1987 • 756 citations

The Ambiguity of Leadership<sup />

1977 • 749 citations

The New Leadership: Managing Participation in Organizations

1990 • 743 citations

Leadership and Organizational Performance: A Study of Large Corporations

1972 • 742 citations

The Human Organization: Its Management and Value.

1968 • 721 citations

Who gets power — and how they hold on to it: A strategic-contingency model of power

1977 • 714 citations

Corporate Attributions as Strategic Illusions of Management Control

1984 • 708 citations

Employee Participation: Diverse Forms and Different Outcomes

1988 • 693 citations

Leadership Behavior: Its Description and Measurement.

1958 • 666 citations

The description of supervisory behavior.

1953 • 647 citations

Power Failure in Management Circuits

2017 • 646 citations

The Nature of Managerial Work.

1974 • 633 citations

Organizational behavior and human decision processes

1988 • 576 citations

The Leadership Challenge/The Leadership FactorThe Leadership Challenge By KouzesJames M. and PosnerBarry Z.. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1987. 362 pages. $21.95.The Leadership Factor By KotterJohn P.. New York: The Free Press, 1987. 155 pages. $19.18.

1988 • 575 citations

Charismatic Leadership: The Elusive Factor in Organizational Effectiveness

1990 • 563 citations

Does power corrupt?

1972 • 557 citations

The Justification of Organizational Performance

1983 • 553 citations

A laboratory study of charismatic leadership

1989 • 539 citations

Transformational Leadership and the Falling Dominoes Effect

1987 • 526 citations

Charismatic leadership: the elusive factor in organizational effectiveness

1989 • 500 citations

Attributional processes of leaders in leader—Member interactions

1979 • 476 citations

Emerging Leadership Vistas

1989 • 473 citations

Organizational behavior and human performance

1984 • 472 citations

The effects of supervisory behavior on the path-goal relationship

1970 • 470 citations

Leadership: Perspectives in Theory and Research

1982 • 468 citations

A Passion for Excellence: The Leadership Difference.

1985 • 464 citations

HOW SENIOR MANAGERS THINK

1988 • 430 citations

Situational moderators of leader reward and punishment behaviors: Fact or fiction?

1984 • 429 citations

When managers decide not to decide autocratically: An investigation of leader–member exchange and decision influence.

1986 • 425 citations

Administrative Science as Socially Constructed Truth

1985 • 421 citations

Administrative Science As Socially Constructed Truth

2019 • 395 citations

Biography and the Assessment of Transformational Leadership at the World-Class Level

1987 • 377 citations

Narcissism and Leadership: An Object Relations Perspective

1985 • 376 citations

The Contingency Model and the Dynamics of the Leadership Process

1978 • 374 citations

Leadership Dynamics : a practical guide to effective relationships

1978 • 373 citations

An Attribution Theory of Leadership

1977 • 368 citations

A role set analysis of managerial reputation

1984 • 355 citations

Does Leadership Make a Difference to Organizational Performance?

1988 • 353 citations

Administrative Succession and Organizational Performance: The Succession Effect

1982 • 338 citations

Moderator Variables in Leadership Research

1986 • 336 citations

Effects of Leader Contingent and Noncontingent Reward and Punishment Behaviors on Subordinate Performance and Satisfaction.

1982 • 328 citations

Implicit leadership theory: A potential threat to the internal validity of leader behavior questionnaires

1977 • 327 citations

The Spellbinders: Charismatic Political Leadership

1984 • 325 citations

Improving Leadership Effectiveness: The Leader Match Concept.

1978 • 322 citations

The middle manager as innovator. 1982.

2004 • 314 citations

Field studies of French and Raven's bases of power: Critique, reanalysis, and suggestions for future research.

1985 • 314 citations

A Model of Corporate Performance as a Function of Environmental, Organizational, and Leadership Influences.

1981 • 307 citations

Leadership, beyond establishment views

1982 • 300 citations

A Passion for Excellence: The Leadership Difference

1986 • 284 citations

The Exercise of Upward Influence in Organizations

1978 • 271 citations

The vertical dyad linkage model of leadership: Problems and prospects

1984 • 270 citations

SHARED INFLUENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR: A META-ANALYSIS OF SITUATIONAL VARIABLES EXPECTED TO MODERATE PARTICIPATION-OUTCOME RELATIONSHIPS.

1987 • 270 citations

ADMINISTRATIVE SUCCESSION AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: HOW ADMINISTRATOR EXPERIENCE MEDIATES THE SUCCESSION EFFECT.

1986 • 259 citations

Are the Classical Management Functions Useful in Describing Managerial Work?

1987 • 248 citations

What Do Successful Managers Really Do? An Observation Study of Managerial Activities

1985 • 247 citations

Toward a behavioral theory of leadership

1971 • 246 citations

Vertical dyad linkage: A longitudinal assessment of antecedents, measures, and consequences.

1986 • 246 citations

A Study of Upward Influence in Organizations

1982 • 241 citations

Note—Mintzberg was Right!: A Replication and Extension of The Nature of Managerial Work

1983 • 238 citations

Punishment in Organizations: A Review, Propositions, and Research Suggestions<sup />

1980 • 237 citations

Leadership and outcomes of performance appraisal processes

1987 • 236 citations

MANAGERIAL WORK: THE INFLUENCE OF HIERARCHICAL LEVEL AND FUNCTIONAL SPECIALTY.

1983 • 234 citations

The Spellbinders

1984 • 218 citations

Pygmalion goes to boot camp: Expectancy, leadership, and trainee performance.

1982 • 214 citations

Two faces of charisma: Socialized and personalized leadership in organizations.

1988 • 212 citations

Leader Behavior in a Police Command Bureaucracy: A Closer Look at the Quasi-Military Model

1979 • 198 citations

Toward effective supervision: An operant analysis and comparison of managers at work.

1986 • 197 citations

Leadership: It Can Make a Difference.

1984 • 194 citations

PREDICTORS AND CONSEQUENCES OF DELEGATION.

1986 • 194 citations

Situational Leadership Theory: An examination of a prescriptive theory.

1987 • 192 citations

Relationships Between Leader Reward and Punishment Behavior and Group Processes and Productivity

1985 • 191 citations

The Performance-Maintenance (PM) Theory of Leadership: Review of a Japanese Research Program

1985 • 178 citations

Manager behavior in a social context: The impact of impression management on attributions and disciplinary actions

1981 • 177 citations

Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership: An application of the meta-analysis procedures of Schmidt and Hunter.

1985 • 176 citations

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy as a Management Tool: Harnessing Pygmalion

1984 • 176 citations

Charisma and its routinization in two social movement organizations.

1986 • 174 citations

Matching Managers to Strategies: A Review and Suggested Framework

1984 • 172 citations

Organizational understructure and leadership: A longitudinal investigation of the managerial role-making process

1976 • 165 citations

An Integrative Theory of Leadership

1982 • 163 citations

A field experimental test of the moderating effects of growth need strength on productivity.

1986 • 163 citations

A meta-analytic investigation of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness.

1981 • 158 citations

Transforming Leadership: A Process of Collective Actio

1985 • 151 citations

Behavioral dimensions of charismatic leadership.

1988 • 149 citations

The Japanese career progress study: A 7-year follow-up.

1984 • 149 citations

Cross-situational, multimethod research on military leader effectiveness

1982 • 146 citations

The Situational Leadership Theory: A Critical View

1983 • 146 citations

Constructive controversy, the Vroom‐Yetton model, and managerial decision‐making

1986 • 142 citations

Technology and the structuring of jobs: Employee satisfaction, performance, and influence

1985 • 141 citations

Determinants of a Supervisor's use of rewards and punishmens: A literature review and suggestions for further research

1982 • 139 citations

Leaders and Managers: International Perspectives on Managerial Behavior and Leadership.

1985 • 139 citations

Contemporary business 2003

2003 • 136 citations

The Behavioral Science of Leadership: An Interdisciplinary Japanese Research Program

1985 • 134 citations

Effects of outcome knowledge and outcome valence on supervisors' evaluations.

1981 • 134 citations

Substitutes for Leadership: Test of a Construct.

1981 • 134 citations

Crosscurrents in leadership

1979 • 132 citations

Poor performers: Supervisors' and subordinates' responses

1981 • 125 citations

Influence Styles of Project Managers: Some Project Performance Correlates.

1974 • 123 citations

Leader reward behavior and subordinate satisfaction and performance

1975 • 122 citations

On the 2001 Meeting of the Academy of Management

2002 • 122 citations

Determinants of Supervisory Behavior: A Role Set Analysis

1975 • 118 citations

Management by Grid® Principles or Situationalism: Which?

1981 • 117 citations

Leader behavior, situational moderators, and group performance: An attributional analysis

1977 • 116 citations

Strategic selection: matching executives to business conditions.

1983 • 116 citations

TWENTY YEARS OF RESEARCH ON ROLE‐MOTIVATION THEORY OF MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS

1978 • 108 citations

Leadership for Organizations

2020 • 108 citations

Trade routes: The manager's network of relationships

1984 • 108 citations

Toward an Observation System for Measuring Leader Behavior in Natural Settings

1984 • 104 citations

Leadership and Substitutes for Leadership Among Professional and Nonprofessional Workers

1986 • 101 citations

The Contribution of Cognitive Resources and Leader Behavior to Organizational Performance¹

1986 • 96 citations

A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF BIOGRAPHICAL SUBGROUPS USING OWENS' DEVELOPMENTAL‐INTEGRATIVE MODEL

1984 • 83 citations

Dimensionality of leader—subordinate interactions: A path—goal investigation

1982 • 82 citations

Determinants of Leader-Subordinate Exchange Relationships

1982 • 77 citations

A test of the Vroom-Yetton normative model of leadership.

1982 • 76 citations

The skills of leadership

1984 • 73 citations

Whatever it Takes: Decision Makers at Work.

1987 • 72 citations

Construct validity of the Least Preferred Co-Worker score.

1978 • 69 citations

Observing leader behavior: Toward reciprocal determinism in leadership theory.

1984 • 68 citations

Are the Classical Management Functions Useful in Describing Managerial Work?

1987 • 67 citations

Whatever It Takes: Decision Makers at Work

1985 • 66 citations

Harnessing personal energy: How companies can inspire employees

1987 • 64 citations

On Avoiding the Influence of Implicit Leadership Theories in Leader Behavior Descriptions

1985 • 62 citations

Power, situation, and leaders' effectiveness: An organizational field study.

1986 • 61 citations

The Validity of Hersey and Blanchard's Theory of Leader Effectiveness

1982 • 61 citations

The effects of the social context on performance evaluations

1982 • 53 citations

ACHIEVEMENT, POWER AND MANAGERIAL MOTIVATION: SELECTING MANAGERIAL TALENT WITH THE JOB CHOICE EXERCISE

1983 • 53 citations

A Critique of the Vroom-Yetton Contingency Model Of Leadership Behavior<sup />

1979 • 51 citations

Path-Goal Theory of Leadership: A Meta-Analysis.

1986 • 47 citations

IS THE SIMULTANEOUS VERBAL PROTOCOL A VIABLE METHOD FOR STUDYING MANAGERIAL PROBLEM SOLVING AND DECISION MAKING?

1983 • 45 citations

Complex decision making: A longitudinal study of process and performance

1985 • 44 citations

The First-Line Supervisor: Phasing Out or Here To Stay?

1986 • 44 citations

The hidden side of organizational leadership

1987 • 41 citations

Executive succession: Toward excellence in corporate leadership

1984 • 39 citations

Reactions to prescribed leader behavior as a function of role perspective: The case of the Vroom-Yetton model.

1984 • 38 citations

Assessing the validity of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness: A closer look at Strube and Garcia.

1983 • 38 citations

LEADERSHIP DECISION-MAKING: AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF THE VROOM AND YETTON MODEL

1979 • 35 citations

Are top executives transferable across companies?

1976 • 33 citations

Managerial motivation among MBA students: A longitudinal assessment

1987 • 30 citations

AN EVALUATION OF TWO ALTERNATIVES TO THE VROOM/YETTON NORMATIVE MODEL.

1980 • 29 citations

MOTIVATION TO MANAGE AT THE TOP EXECUTIVE LEVEL: A TEST OF THE HIERARCHIC ROLE‐MOTIVATION THEORY

1985 • 29 citations

Role perceptions and behavior of the immediate superior: Moderating effects on the prediction of leadership effectiveness

1983 • 27 citations

CROSS‐SITUATIONAL SPECIFICITY IN MANAGERs' PERCEPTIONS OF SUBORDINATE PERFORMANCE, ATTRIBUTIONS, AND LEADER BEHAVIORS

1983 • 26 citations

A Mirror for Managers: Using Simulation To Develop Management Teams

1985 • 26 citations

Organizational determinants of leader behavior and authority.

1987 • 26 citations

Manager behavior, leadership style, and subordinate performance: An empirical extension of the Vroom-Yetton conflict rule

1987 • 26 citations

Leader Substitutes in Educational Organizations

1987 • 21 citations

The Observation of High-Performing Educational Managers: Methodological Issues and Managerial Implications

1984 • 20 citations

PARTICIPATION UNDER CONDITIONS OF CONFLICT: MORE ON THE VALIDITY OF THE VROOM‐YETTON MODEL^[1]

1988 • 18 citations

The First-Line Supervisor: Phasing out or Here to Stay?

1986 • 17 citations

The trouble with {leader match} is that it doesn't match Fiedler's contingency model.

1986 • 17 citations

Grid® Principles Versus Situationalism: A Final Note

1982 • 16 citations

A CENTURY OF LEADERSHIP RESEARCH.

1986 • 15 citations

Experimental tests of the Leader—Environment—Follower interaction theory of leadership

1983 • 11 citations

Generalizing from Laboratory to Field Settings

1988 • 10 citations

On Qualitative Methods and Leadership Research

1984 • 10 citations

Some assumptions are more troubling than others: Rejoinder to Chemers and Fiedler.

1986 • 5 citations

The trouble with assumptions: A reply to Jago and Ragan.

1986 • 5 citations

On Refocusing Leadership from a Social Systems Perspective of Management

1984 • 5 citations

How Does One Become an Effective Manager?

1984 • 4 citations

The trouble with assumptions: A reply to Jago and Ragan.

1986 • 4 citations

Some assumptions are more troubling than others: Rejoinder to Chemers and Fiedler.

1986 • 4 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations