Resistance of herpesviruses to antiviral drugs: clinical impacts and molecular mechanisms

The Protein Kinase Family: Conserved Features and Deduced Phylogeny of the Catalytic Domains

1988 • 5,115 citations

Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 7th ed.

2000 • 1,651 citations

Thymidine kinase from herpes simplex virus phosphorylates the new antiviral compound, 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine.

1978 • 560 citations

Emergence of ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus disease among recipients of solid-organ transplants

2000 • 512 citations

Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

1989 • 470 citations

A conserved 3′→5′ exonuclease active site in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA polymerases

1989 • 433 citations

Progressive Disease Due to Ganciclovir-Resistant Cytomegalovirus in Immunocompromised Patients

1989 • 419 citations

Human DNA polymerase alpha gene expression is cell proliferation dependent and its primary structure is similar to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic replicative DNA polymerases.

1988 • 405 citations

Antiviral Agents

1988 • 398 citations

Human cytomegalovirus UL97 open reading frame encodes a protein that phosphorylates the antiviral nucleoside analogue ganciclovir

1992 • 394 citations

Acyclovir: A Decade Later

1992 • 389 citations

Prevalence of Resistance in Patients Receiving Ganciclovir for Serious Cytomegalovirus Infection

1991 • 368 citations

A Controlled Trial Comparing Foscarnet with Vidarabine for Acyclovir-Resistant Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

1991 • 364 citations

Thymidine kinase-negative herpes simplex virus mutants establish latency in mouse trigeminal ganglia but do not reactivate.

1989 • 360 citations

Herpes Simplex Virus Resistant to Acyclovir

1990 • 357 citations

Intravenous Acyclovir to Treat Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex Virus Infection After Marrow Transplantation

1982 • 333 citations

Resistance of Human Cytomegalovirus to Antiviral Drugs

1999 • 307 citations

Antiviral Drugs

2002 • 287 citations

Antiviral Drugs

1999 • 274 citations

High‐Level Resistance of Cytomegalovirus to Ganciclovir Is Associated with Alterations in Both the UL97 and DNA Polymerase Genes

1997 • 270 citations

The Dynamics of Human Cytomegalovirus Replication in Vivo

1999 • 258 citations

Foscarnet

1991 • 250 citations

Related functional domains in virus DNA polymerases.

1987 • 243 citations

Analysis Of The Ul97 Phosphotransferase Coding Sequence In Clinical Cytomegalovirus Isolates And Identification Of Mutations Conferring Ganciclovir Resistance

1995 • 243 citations

Metabolic activation of the nucleoside analog 9-[( 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl)guanine in human diploid fibroblasts infected with human cytomegalovirus.

1985 • 233 citations

The 3′ to 5′ exonuclease activity located in the DNA polymerase delta subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for accurate replication.

1991 • 230 citations

A general structure for DNA-dependent DNA polymerases

1991 • 229 citations

High Incidence of Ganciclovir‐Resistant Cytomegalovirus Infection among Lung Transplant Recipients Receiving Preemptive Therapy

2002 • 223 citations

Frequency of UL97 Phosphotransferase Mutations Related to Ganciclovir Resistance in Clinical Cytomegalovirus Isolates

1995 • 219 citations

Foscarnet Therapy in Five Patients with AIDS and Acyclovir-resistant Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection

1991 • 218 citations

[THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION].

1964 • 213 citations

Rising pp65 antigenemia during preemptive anticytomegalovirus therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: risk factors, correlation with DNA load, and outcomes

2001 • 213 citations

Survey of Resistance of Herpes Simplex Virus to Acyclovir in Northwest England

1998 • 203 citations

A Cosmid-Based System for Constructing Mutants of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

1993 • 200 citations

Prediction of cytomegalovirus load and resistance patterns after antiviral chemotherapy

2000 • 198 citations

A Recombinant Human Cytomegalovirus with a Large Deletion in UL97 Has a Severe Replication Deficiency

1999 • 195 citations

Cytomegalovirus UL97 Phosphotransferase Mutations That Affect Susceptibility to Ganciclovir

2002 • 192 citations

Homology between DNA polymerases of poxviruses, herpesviruses, and adenoviruses: nucleotide sequence of the vaccinia virus DNA polymerase gene.

1986 • 191 citations

Identification of amino acids in herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase involved in substrate and drug recognition.

1988 • 190 citations

Biochemical Studies on the Herpes Simplex Virus-specified Deoxypyrimidine Kinase Activity

1974 • 190 citations

Mechanism of action of foscarnet against viral polymerases

1992 • 189 citations

Cytomegalovirus Retinitis and Viral Resistance

1998 • 188 citations

Progressive Esophagitis from Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex

1989 • 183 citations

Intracellular metabolism of the antiherpes agent (S)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine.

1992 • 182 citations

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Viruses from Immunocompromised Patients

1998 • 180 citations

A point mutation in the human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase gene confers resistance to ganciclovir and phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives

1993 • 177 citations

Single amino acid changes in the DNA polymerase confer foscarnet resistance and slow-growth phenotype, while mutations in the UL97-encoded phosphotransferase confer ganciclovir resistance in three double-resistant human cytomegalovirus strains recovered from patients with AIDS

1996 • 177 citations

Evolution of Mutations Conferring Multidrug Resistance during Prophylaxis and Therapy for Cytomegalovirus Disease

1997 • 174 citations

Sequence and mapping analyses of the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase gene predict a C-terminal substrate binding domain.

1985 • 172 citations

Ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus clinical isolates: mode of resistance to ganciclovir

1991 • 171 citations

Distinct and separate roles for herpesvirus-conserved UL97 kinase in cytomegalovirus DNA synthesis and encapsidation

2001 • 170 citations

Long-term Acyclovir Suppression of Frequently Recurring Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

1988 • 170 citations

Recurrence and Resistance Patterns of Herpes Simplex Virus following Cessation of >=6 Years of Chronic Suppression with Acyclovir

1994 • 167 citations

Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection: An Emerging Concern after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

2000 • 166 citations

Foscarnet Therapy for Acyclovir-ResistantMucocutaneous Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in 26 AIDS Patients: Preliminary Data

1990 • 163 citations

Antiviral Susceptibilities and Analysis of UL97 and DNA Polymerase Sequences of Clinical Cytomegalovirus Isolates from Immunocompromised Patients

1997 • 160 citations

Recurrent Acyclovir-Resistant Genital Herpes in an Immunocompetent Patient

1993 • 157 citations

Properties of Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Polymerase and Characterization of Its Associated Exonuclease Activity

1979 • 157 citations

Foscarnet-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Patients with AIDS

1994 • 155 citations

A human cytomegalovirus mutant resistant to the nucleoside analog 9-([2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl)guanine (BW B759U) induces reduced levels of BW B759U triphosphate.

1986 • 154 citations

Characterization of Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in the Human Cytomegalovirus DNA Polymerase Gene by Using Recombinant Mutant Viruses Generated from Overlapping DNA Fragments

1998 • 152 citations

Occurrence and characterization of acyclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus isolates: Report on a two—year sensitivity screening survey

1992 • 151 citations

Evidence that the 'Active Centre' of the Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Involves an Interaction between Three Distinct Regions of the Polypeptide

1986 • 149 citations

A colorimetric assay for the measurement of the sensitivity of herpes simplex viruses to antiviral agents

1983 • 147 citations

Mutations in human cytomegalovirus UL97 gene confer clinical resistance to ganciclovir and can be detected directly in patient plasma.

1995 • 142 citations

A Standardized Plaque Reduction Assay for Determination of Drug Susceptibilities of Cytomegalovirus Clinical Isolates

2000 • 140 citations

Point mutations in the DNA polymerase gene of human cytomegalovirus that result in resistance to antiviral agents

1992 • 140 citations

Mutation in the UL97 open reading frame of human cytomegalovirus strains resistant to ganciclovir

1994 • 140 citations

Therapeutic potential of HPMPC as an antiviral drug

1993 • 135 citations

A point mutation within a distinct conserved region of the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase gene confers drug resistance

1992 • 133 citations

Mutations Conferring Ganciclovir Resistance in a Cohort of Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Cytomegalovirus Retinitis

2001 • 130 citations

A potent peptidomimetic inhibitor of HSV ribonucleotide reductase with antiviral activity in vivo

1994 • 130 citations

In vitro and in vivo characterization of herpes simplex virus clinical isolates recovered from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

1991 • 127 citations

Incidence of Foscarnet Resistance and Cidofovir Resistance in Patients Treated for Cytomegalovirus Retinitis

1998 • 126 citations

Homopolymer mutational hot spots mediate herpes simplex virus resistance to acyclovir

1997 • 125 citations

Resistance to Antiviral Drugs in Herpes Simplex Virus Infections among Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Risk Factors and Prognostic Significance

2000 • 123 citations

Rate of Emergence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Mutations in Leukocytes of Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Who Are Receiving Valganciclovir as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for CMV Retinitis

2001 • 122 citations

Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus disease in organ transplant recipients with oral ganciclovir or oral acyclovir prophylaxis

2000 • 120 citations

Biochemical Studies on Ricin

1964 • 113 citations

Analysis of the thymidine kinase genes from acyclovir-resistant mutants of varicella-zoster virus isolated from patients with AIDS

1993 • 112 citations

A three-nucleotide deletion in the UL97 open reading frame is responsible for the ganciclovir resistance of a human cytomegalovirus clinical isolate

1995 • 111 citations

Interstrain Variation in the Human Cytomegalovirus DNA Polymerase Sequence and Its Effect on Genotypic Diagnosis of Antiviral Drug Resistance

1999 • 111 citations

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Acyclovir-Resistant Varicella-Zoster Viruses Isolated from Persons with AIDS

1994 • 109 citations

Human Cytomegalovirus Mutant with Sequence-Dependent Resistance to the Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide Fomivirsen (ISIS 2922)

1998 • 109 citations

European survey of herpesvirus resistance to antiviral drugs in bone marrow transplant recipients. Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT).

1996 • 106 citations

Drug-resistant human cytomegalovirus infection in children after allogeneic stem cell transplantation may have different clinical outcomes

2000 • 104 citations

Genetic Characterization of Thymidine Kinase from Acyclovir‐Resistant and ‐Susceptible Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Isolated from Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients

2000 • 104 citations

Characterization of a DNA Polymerase Mutant of Herpes Simplex Virus from a Severely Immunocompromised Patient Receiving Acyclovir

1989 • 102 citations

Allele replacement: an application that permits rapid manipulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 genomes

1999 • 102 citations

Acyclovir Is Phosphorylated by the Human Cytomegalovirus UL97 Protein

1999 • 101 citations

THE IMPACT OF GANCICLOVIR-RESISTANT CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION AFTER LUNG TRANSPLANTATION

1999 • 98 citations

Characterization of the DNA Polymerase and Thymidine Kinase Genesof Herpes Simplex Virus Isolates from AIDS Patients in whom Acyclovirand Foscarnet Therapy Sequentially Failed

1999 • 97 citations

Sequencing of Cytomegalovirus UL97 Gene for Genotypic Antiviral Resistance Testing

2001 • 96 citations

Herpesviral Deoxythymidine Kinases Contain a Site Analogous to the Phosphoryl-binding Arginine-rich Region of Porcine Adenylate Kinase; Comparison of Secondary Structure Predictions and Conservation

1990 • 95 citations

Novel mutation in the UL97 gene of a clinical cytomegalovirus strain conferring resistance to ganciclovir

1995 • 94 citations

Ganciclovir Susceptibilities and Analysis of UL97 Region in Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Isolates from Bone Marrow Recipients with CMV Disease after Antiviral Prophylaxis

1998 • 90 citations

A Point Mutation in the Human Cytomegalovirus DNA Polymerase Gene Selectedin Vitroby Cidofovir Confers a Slow Replication Phenotype in Cell Culture

1998 • 88 citations

Latency-associated transcript but not reactivatable virus is present in sensory ganglion neurons after inoculation of thymidine kinase-negative mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1

1989 • 87 citations

A Ganciclovir-Resistant Clinical Isolate of Human Cytomegalovirus Exhibiting Cross-Resistance to Other DNA Polymerase Inhibitors

1992 • 84 citations

Sensitivity monitoring of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus to acyclovir

1993 • 84 citations

Detection of Ganciclovir Resistance Mutations and Quantitation of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in Leukocytes of Patients with Fatal Disseminated CMV Disease

1996 • 84 citations

Pathogenicity of herpes simplex virus mutants containing drug resistance mutations in the viral DNA polymerase gene

1986 • 82 citations

Primary structure of the catalytic subunit of calf thymus DNA polymerase .delta.: sequence similarities with other DNA polymerases

1991 • 82 citations

Effects of mutations in the Exo III motif of the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase gene on enzyme activities, viral replication, and replication fidelity

1997 • 81 citations

Early Emergence of Ganciclovir-Resistant Human Cytomegalovirus Strains in Children with Primary Combined Immunodeficiency

1998 • 80 citations

GANCICLOVIR RESISTANCE AS A RESULT OF ORAL GANCICLOVIR IN A HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT WITH MULTIPLE HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS STRAINS IN BLOOD1,2

1998 • 78 citations

Ganciclovir Susceptibilities of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Isolates from Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with CMV Viremia after Antiviral Prophylaxis

1993 • 76 citations

Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Thymidine Kinase from Clinical Strains of Varicella-Zoster Virus Resistant to Acyclovir

1999 • 76 citations

The Cys607→Tyr Change in the UL97 Phosphotransferase Confers Ganciclovir Resistance to Two Human Cytomegalovirus Strains Recovered from Two Immunocompromised Patients

1998 • 74 citations

Mutation in Region III of the DNA Polymerase Gene Conferring Foscarnet Resistance in Cytomegalovirus Isolates from 3 Subjects Receiving Prolonged Antiviral Therapy

1998 • 73 citations

Characterization of Herpes Simplex Viruses Selected in Culture for Resistance to Penciclovir or Acyclovir

2001 • 73 citations

Analysis of the thymidine kinase gene from clinically isolated acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex viruses

1991 • 70 citations

Monitoring of ganciclovir sensitivity of multiple human cytomegalovirus strains coinfecting blood of an AIDS patient by an immediate-early antigen plaque assay

1992 • 69 citations

A single-base change within the DNA polymerase locus of herpes simplex virus type 2 can confer resistance to aphidicolin

1987 • 69 citations

Engineered herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase point mutants: the most highly conserved region shared among alpha-like DNA polymerases is involved in substrate recognition

1990 • 69 citations

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 DNA Polymerase

1996 • 68 citations

DEVELOPMENT OF GANCICLOVIR RESISTANCE DURING TREATMENT OF PRIMARY CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION1

1997 • 68 citations

Chronic Vulvar Ulceration in an Immunocompetent Woman Due to Acyclovir‐Resistant, Thymidine Kinase‐Deficient Herpes Simplex Virus

1998 • 68 citations

Clinical and Virologic Characterization of Acyclovir‐Resistant Varicella‐Zoster Viruses Isolated from 11 Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

2001 • 67 citations

Improved DNA hybridization method for detection of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus

1987 • 66 citations

Plaque autoradiography assay for the detection and quantitation of thymidine kinase-deficient and thymidine kinase-altered mutants of herpes simplex virus in clinical isolates

1985 • 66 citations

Molecular Analysis of the Pyrimidine Deoxyribonucleoside Kinase Gene of Wild-type and Acyclovir-resistant Strains of Varicella-Zoster Virus

1988 • 63 citations

Resistance of herpes simplex virus type 1 against different phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives of purines and pyrimidines due to specific mutations in the viral DNA polymerase gene

2000 • 62 citations

Nucleotide sequence changes in thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 2 clones from an isolate of a patient treated with acyclovir

1987 • 62 citations

Characterization of an Acyclovir‐Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Strain Isolated from a Premature Neonate

2000 • 61 citations

Highly Reliable Heterologous System for Evaluating Resistance of Clinical Herpes Simplex Virus Isolates to Nucleoside Analogues

2001 • 60 citations

A Deletion Mutation in Region V of the Cytomegalovirus DNA Polymerase Sequence Confers Multidrug Resistance

2000 • 59 citations

Single Amino Acid Change in DNA Polymerase Is Associated with Foscarnet Resistance in a Varicella‐Zoster Virus Strain Recovered from a Patient with AIDS

1998 • 52 citations

Double resistance to ganciclovir and foscarnet of four human cytomegalovirus strains recovered from AIDS patients

1995 • 50 citations

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Clinically Resistant Cytomegalovirus Retinitis

1993 • 50 citations

Cytomegalovirus Retinitis and Viral Resistance

1996 • 49 citations

Polymerization Activity of an α-Like DNA Polymerase Requires a Conserved 3′-5′ Exonuclease Active Site

1991 • 48 citations

Replication, latent infection, and reactivation in neuronal culture with a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-negative mutant

1992 • 48 citations

In Vitro Antiviral Susceptibilities of Isolates from Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Patients Receiving First‐ or Second‐Line Cidofovir Therapy: Relationship to Clinical Outcome

1998 • 48 citations

The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 DNA Polymerase Gene: Site of Phosphonoacetic Acid Resistance Mutation in Strain Angelotti is Highly Conserved

1987 • 48 citations

Cytomegalovirus Ventriculoencephalitis in a Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Receiving Antiviral Maintenance: Clinical and Molecular Evidence of Drug Resistance

2001 • 48 citations

Detection of human cytomegalovirus mutations associated with ganciclovir resistance in cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients with central nervous system disease

1995 • 48 citations

MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS STRAINS FROM TWO LUNG TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS WITH THE SAME DONOR1

1996 • 47 citations

An altered spectrum of herpes simplex virus mutations mediated by an antimutator DNA polymerase

1995 • 47 citations

Acyclovir-resistant Varicella-Zoster virus: Phenotypic and genetic characterization

1998 • 47 citations

NOVEL MUTATION IN THE CMV UL97 GENE ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO GANCICLOVIR THERAPY

1999 • 46 citations

Characterization of the DNA polymerase gene of varicella-zoster viruses resistant to acyclovir

2001 • 46 citations

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Resistance in Patients with CMV Retinitis and AIDS Treated with Oral or Intravenous Ganciclovir

1999 • 46 citations

Emergence and prevalence of cytomegalovirus UL97 mutations associated with ganciclovir resistance in AIDS patients

1998 • 45 citations

Comprehensive Restriction Analysis of the UL97 Region Allows Early Detection of Ganciclovir‐Resistant Human Cytomegalovirus in an Immunocompromised Child

1999 • 45 citations

Mutations in the UL97 ORF of ganciclovir-resistant clinical cytomegalovirus isolates differentially affect GCV phosphorylation as determined in a recombinant vaccinia virus system

2002 • 45 citations

Polymorphisms of thymidine kinase gene in herpes simplex virus type 1: Analysis of clinical isolates from herpetic keratitis patients and laboratory strains

1998 • 44 citations

Reactivation of acyclovir-resistant thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus harbouring single base insertion within a 7 Gs homopolymer repeat of the thymidine kinase gene

2000 • 43 citations

Ganciclovir sensitivity of cytomegalovirus at diagnosis and during treatment of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in marrow transplant recipients

1993 • 43 citations

Spontaneous Reactivation of Thymidine Kinase-Deficient, Acyclovir-Resistant Type 2 Herpes Simplex Virus: Masked Heterogeneity or Reversion?

1996 • 43 citations

Point mutations in the varicella-zoster virus DNA polymerase gene confers resistance to foscarnet and slow growth phenotype

1999 • 43 citations

Antiviral Activity of a Selective Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor against Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 In Vivo

1998 • 42 citations

Nucleotide sequence of thymidine kinase gene of sequential acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates recovered from a child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: Evidence for reactivation of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus

1999 • 42 citations

A Nine-Codon Deletion Mutation in the Cytomegalovirus UL97 Phosphotransferase Gene Confers Resistance to Ganciclovir

2000 • 42 citations

Foscarnet-Resistant Multidermatomal Zoster in a Patient with AIDS

1995 • 42 citations

Flow cytometric analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 susceptibility to acyclovir, ganciclovir, and foscarnet

1997 • 42 citations

Aphidicolin resistance in Herpes simplex virus type I reveals features of the DNA polymerase dNTP binding site

1989 • 42 citations

Genetic analysis of a clinical isolate of human cytomegalovirus exhibiting resistance against both ganciclovir and cidofovir

1997 • 41 citations

Lack of Emergence of Cytomegalovirus UL97 Mutations Conferring Ganciclovir (GCV) Resistance following Preemptive GCV Therapy in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

2001 • 41 citations

Molecular Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus and Determination of Genotypic Ganciclovir Resistance in Clinical Specimens

1995 • 41 citations

Foscarnet therapy of ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus in marrow transplantation.

1991 • 41 citations

A Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Polymerase Mutation That Specifically Attenuates Neurovirulence in Mice

1998 • 40 citations

The structure and function of the HSV DNA replication proteins: Defining novel antiviral targets

1993 • 39 citations

A point mutation in the thymidine kinase gene is responsible for acyclovir-resistance in herpes simplex virus type 2 sequential isolates

1992 • 38 citations

Polyradiculopathy Associated with Ganciclovir-Resistant Cytomegalovirus in an AIDS Patient: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Sequential Virus Isolates

1996 • 38 citations

GCV resistance due to the mutation A594P in the cytomegalovirus protein UL97 is partially reconstituted by a second mutation at D605E

2002 • 36 citations

Four dually resistant human cytomegalovirus strains from AIDS patients: single mutations in UL97 and UL54 open reading frames are responsible for ganciclovir- and foscarnet-specific resistance, respectively.

1995 • 36 citations

Coinfection of the immunocompromised but not the immunocompetent host by multiple human cytomegalovirus strains

1998 • 35 citations

Susceptibilities of Human Cytomegalovirus Clinical Isolates to BAY38-4766, BAY43-9695, and Ganciclovir

2001 • 35 citations

Susceptibility of Human Cytomegalovirus to Cidofovir Is Unchanged after Limited In Vivo Exposure to Various Clinical Regimens of Drug

1996 • 35 citations

Herpes Simplex Virus Isolates from an Immunocompromised Patient who Failed to Respond to Acyclovir Treatment Express Thymidine Kinase with Altered Substrate Specificity

1991 • 34 citations

Aciclovir selects for ganciclovir‐cross‐resistance of human cytomegalovirus in vitro that is only in part explained by known mutations in the UL97 protein*

2001 • 34 citations

Penciclovir-Resistance Mutations in the Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Polymerase Gene

1995 • 33 citations

Mutations in the Exo III Motif of the Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Polymerase Gene Can Confer Altered Drug Sensitivities

1998 • 33 citations

Purification and Photoaffinity Labeling of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Thymidine Kinase

1995 • 30 citations

Herpes simplex virus isolates with reduced adefovir susceptibility selected in vivo by foscarnet therapy

2002 • 30 citations

In vitro mutagenesis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase gene results in altered drug sensitivity of the enzyme

1989 • 30 citations

Long-term acyclovir suppression of frequently recurring genital herpes simplex virus infection. A multicenter double-blind trial

1988 • 29 citations

Value of a ligase chain reaction assay for detection of ganciclovir resistance-related mutation 594 in UL97 gene of human cytomegalovirus

1997 • 28 citations

Acyclovir susceptibilities of herpes simplex virus strains isolated from solid organ transplant recipients after acyclovir or ganciclovir prophylaxis

1993 • 28 citations

Acyclovir-Resistant Bilateral Keratitis Associated with Mutations in the HSV-1 Thymidine Kinase Gene

2000 • 25 citations

Genetic analysis of a ganciclovir-resistant human cytomegalovirus mutant

1998 • 23 citations

Molecular analysis of a neurovirulent herpes simplex virus type 2 strain with reduced thymidine kinase activity

1993 • 23 citations

A case of ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in a patient with AIDS

1997 • 22 citations

FOSCARNET THERAPY OF GANCICLOVIR-RESISTANT CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN MARROW TRANSPLANTATION

1991 • 22 citations

<scp>DNA</scp>‐Dependent <scp>DNA</scp> Polymerases

1997 • 21 citations

Emergence of Multiple Human Cytomegalovirus Ganciclovir-Resistant Mutants with Deletions and Substitutions within the UL97 Gene in a Patient with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

2001 • 20 citations

A Rapid Phenotypic Assay for Detection of Acyclovir-Resistant Varicella-Zoster Virus with Mutations in the Thymidine Kinase Open Reading Frame

2000 • 19 citations

Value of a new rapid non-radioactive sequencing method for analysis of the cytomegalovirus UL97 gene in ganciclovir-resistant strains

1995 • 19 citations

Quantitative changes in cytomegalovirus DNAemia and genetic analysis of the UL97 and UL54 genes in AIDS patients receiving cidofovir following ganciclovir therapy

1999 • 18 citations

Differential Susceptibility of Several Drug-Resistant Strains of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 to Various Antiviral Compounds

1997 • 18 citations

Acyclovir Resistance in Herpes Simplex Virus Isolates from Keratitis Cases: An Analysis from a Developing Country

2000 • 17 citations

Failure of High-Dose Oral Acyclovir to Suppress CMV Viruria or Induce Ganciclovir-Resistant CMV in HIV Antibody Positive Patients

1995 • 17 citations

Role of Genotypic Analysis of the Thymidine Kinase Gene of Herpes Simplex Virus for Determination of Neurovirulence and Resistance to Acyclovir

1999 • 17 citations

Polymerization activity of an alpha-like DNA polymerase requires a conserved 3'-5' exonuclease active site.

1991 • 17 citations

Resistance to Antiviral Inhibitors Caused by the Mutation S889A in the Highly-Conserved 885-GDTDS Motif of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 DNA Polymerase

1993 • 14 citations

Comparison of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase activity for ganciclovir-resistant and -sensitive clinical strains

2000 • 10 citations

Case study: rapid emergence of a cytomegalovirus UL97 mutant in a heart-transplant recipient on pre-emptive ganciclovir therapy.

2001 • 5 citations

Resistance to Antiviral Agents

1984 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations