Proteases, proteolysis, and apoptosis.

Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wideranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics

1972 • 15,349 citations

Induction of Apoptotic Program in Cell-Free Extracts: Requirement for dATP and Cytochrome c

1996 • 5,133 citations

Prevention of Apoptosis by Bcl-2: Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria Blocked

1997 • 4,921 citations

The Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria: A Primary Site for Bcl-2 Regulation of Apoptosis

1997 • 4,728 citations

Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation

1980 • 4,591 citations

Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis

1995 • 4,003 citations

FLICE, A Novel FADD-Homologous ICE/CED-3–like Protease, Is Recruited to the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) Death-Inducing Signaling Complex

1996 • 3,065 citations

Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE

1994 • 2,575 citations

A novel heterodimeric cysteine protease is required for interleukin-1βprocessing in monocytes

1992 • 2,495 citations

The C. elegans cell death gene ced-3 encodes a protein similar to mammalian interleukin-1β-converting enzyme

1993 • 2,484 citations

FADD, a novel death domain-containing protein, interacts with the death domain of fas and initiates apoptosis

1995 • 2,436 citations

Yama/CPP32β, a mammalian homolog of CED-3, is a CrmA-inhibitable protease that cleaves the death substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase

1995 • 2,402 citations

Involvement of MACH, a Novel MORT1/FADD-Interacting Protease, in Fas/APO-1- and TNF Receptor–Induced Cell Death

1996 • 2,306 citations

Specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: an early marker of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.

1993 • 1,888 citations

DFF, a Heterodimeric Protein That Functions Downstream of Caspase-3 to Trigger DNA Fragmentation during Apoptosis

1997 • 1,848 citations

Mice deficient in IL-1β-converting enzyme are defective in production of mature IL-1β and resistant to endotoxic shock

1995 • 1,413 citations

Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by IL-1β-converting enzyme, a mammalian homolog of the C. elegans cell death gene ced-3

1993 • 1,387 citations

Protease activation during apoptosis: Death by a thousand cuts?

1995 • 1,335 citations

Mechanisms of Muscle Wasting — The Role of the Ubiquitin–Proteasome Pathway

1996 • 1,149 citations

Bcl-2 inhibits the mitochondrial release of an apoptogenic protease.

1996 • 1,143 citations

Activation of Interferon-γ Inducing Factor Mediated by Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme

1997 • 1,137 citations

RIP: A novel protein containing a death domain that interacts with Fas/APO-1 (CD95) in yeast and causes cell death

1995 • 964 citations

Induction of endonucleolytic DNA cleavage in human acute myelogenous leukemia cells by etoposide, camptothecin, and other cytotoxic anticancer drugs: a cautionary note.

1989 • 937 citations

Ubiquitin, proteasomes, and the regulation of intracellular protein degradation

1995 • 862 citations

Cytotoxic lymphocytes require granzyme B for the rapid induction of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in allogeneic target cells

1994 • 844 citations

Structure and mechanism of interleukin-lβ converting enzyme

1994 • 842 citations

Membrane and Morphological Changes in Apoptotic Cells Regulated by Caspase-Mediated Activation of PAK2

1997 • 742 citations

In vitro activation of CPP32 and Mch3 by Mch4, a novel human apoptotic cysteine protease containing two FADD-like domains.

1996 • 731 citations

Activation of the apoptotic protease CPP32 by cytotoxic T-cell-derived granzyme B

1995 • 720 citations

Proteolytic activation of protein kinase C delta by an ICE-like protease in apoptotic cells.

1995 • 684 citations

Calpain: new perspectives in molecular diversity and physiological‐pathological involvement

1994 • 673 citations

Interaction of CED-4 with CED-3 and CED-9: A Molecular Framework for Cell Death

1997 • 635 citations

Cleavage of huntingtin by apopain, a proapoptotic cysteine protease, is modulated by the polyglutamine tract

1996 • 580 citations

Premature p34 ^cdc2 Activation Required for Apoptosis

1994 • 568 citations

Crystal structure of the cysteine protease interleukin-1β-converting enzyme: A (p20/p10)2 homodimer

1994 • 567 citations

RAIDD is a new 'death' adaptor molecule

1997 • 547 citations

Proteolysis of Fodrin (Non-erythroid Spectrin) during Apoptosis

1995 • 539 citations

Cleavage of lamin A by Mch2 alpha but not CPP32: multiple interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme-related proteases with distinct substrate recognition properties are active in apoptosis.

1996 • 529 citations

Studies of the lamin proteinase reveal multiple parallel biochemical pathways during apoptotic execution.

1995 • 524 citations

Inhibition of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell-death protease CED-3 by a CED-3 cleavage site in baculovirus p35 protein

1995 • 467 citations

Purification of three cytotoxic lymphocyte granule serine proteases that induce apoptosis through distinct substrate and target cell interactions.

1992 • 447 citations

Calpain activation in apoptosis

1994 • 445 citations

Specific cleavage of the 70-kDa protein component of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein is a characteristic biochemical feature of apoptotic cell death.

1994 • 424 citations

DNA-dependent protein kinase is one of a subset of autoantigens specifically cleaved early during apoptosis.

1995 • 422 citations

Mch3, a novel human apoptotic cysteine protease highly related to CPP32.

1995 • 391 citations

Inhibition of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme by the cowpox virus serpin CrmA. An example of cross-class inhibition.

1994 • 352 citations

DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit: a target for an ICE-like protease in apoptosis.

1996 • 351 citations

Interaction and Regulation of Subcellular Localization of CED-4 by CED-9

1997 • 345 citations

Cleavage of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) by CPP32 during apoptosis.

1996 • 318 citations

Proteasomes play an essential role in thymocyte apoptosis.

1996 • 316 citations

A novel human protease similar to the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme induces apoptosis in transfected cells.

1995 • 313 citations

Cleavage of actin by interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme to reverse DNase I inhibition.

1996 • 298 citations

Sensitization of Cancer Cells Treated With Cytotoxic Drugs to Fas-Mediated Cytotoxicity

1997 • 284 citations

The cytotoxic cell protease granzyme B initiates apoptosis in a cell-free system by proteolytic processing and activation of the ICE/CED-3 family protease, CPP32, via a novel two-step mechanism.

1996 • 279 citations

Microfilament reorganization during apoptosis: the role of Gas2, a possible substrate for ICE-like proteases.

1995 • 265 citations

Involvement of the proteasome in the programmed cell death of NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons.

1996 • 262 citations

Activation of interleukin‐ 1β by a co‐induced protease

1989 • 254 citations

HSP27 as a mediator of confluence-dependent resistance to cell death induced by anticancer drugs.

1997 • 238 citations

Granzyme B (GraB) Autonomously Crosses the Cell Membrane and Perforin Initiates Apoptosis and GraB Nuclear Localization

1997 • 237 citations

Granzyme A is an interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme.

1995 • 217 citations

D4-GDI, a Substrate of CPP32, Is Proteolyzed during Fas-induced Apoptosis

1996 • 216 citations

Lactacystin, a Specific Inhibitor of the Proteasome, Induces Apoptosis in Human Monoblast U937 Cells

1995 • 214 citations

PITSLRE protein kinase activity is associated with apoptosis

1995 • 212 citations

Identification of Actin as a Substrate of ICE and an ICE-like Protease and Involvement of an ICE-like Protease but Not ICE in Vp-16-Induced U937 Apoptosis

1995 • 210 citations

Protease inhibitors selectively block T cell receptor-triggered programmed cell death in a murine T cell hybridoma and activated peripheral T cells.

1993 • 198 citations

Protection from tumor necrosis factor-mediated cytolysis by overexpression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2.

1991 • 189 citations

Human cytotoxic lymphocyte granzyme B. Its purification from granules and the characterization of substrate and inhibitor specificity.

1991 • 185 citations

CrmA-inhibitable Cleavage of the 70-kDa Protein Component of the U1 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein during Fas- and Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Apoptosis

1995 • 179 citations

Pivotal role of a DEVD-sensitive step in etoposide-induced and Fas-mediated apoptotic pathways.

1996 • 167 citations

Cloning and Expression of Four Novel Isoforms of Human Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme with Different Apoptotic Activities

1995 • 149 citations

Cleavage of PITSLRE Kinases by ICE/CASP-1 and CPP32/CASP-3 during Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor

1997 • 138 citations

Interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme requires oligomerization for activity of processed forms in vivo.

1995 • 133 citations

Inhibition of activation-induced programmed cell death and restoration of defective immune responses of HIV+ donors by cysteine protease inhibitors.

1994 • 131 citations

Ubiquitin pathway involvement in human lymphocyte gamma-irradiation-induced apoptosis.

1993 • 124 citations

Sequential activation of three distinct ICE‐like activities in Fas‐ligated Jurkat cells

1996 • 120 citations

Interferon-γ InducesIceGene Expression and Enhances Cellular Susceptibility to Apoptosis in the U937 Leukemia Cell Line

1996 • 110 citations

Cytotoxic T-cell-derived granzyme B activates the apoptotic protease ICE-LAP3

1996 • 101 citations

ICE inhibitor YVADcmk is a potent therapeutic agent against in vivo liver apoptosis

1996 • 97 citations

Granzyme A binding to target cell proteins. Granzyme A binds to and cleaves nucleolin in vitro

1991 • 93 citations

Caspase-induced proteolysis of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 mediates its anti-apoptotic activity

1999 • 88 citations

Changes in the Structure and Function of the Multicatalytic Proteinase (Proteasome) during Programmed Cell Death in the Intersegmental Muscles of the Hawkmoth, Manduca sexta

1995 • 86 citations

The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases

1996 • 81 citations

Protection from tumor necrosis factor cytotoxicity by protease inhibitors

1987 • 75 citations

Purification and cDNA cloning of a second apoptosis-related cysteine protease that cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins.

1996 • 69 citations

Calcium-dependent, Interleukin 1β-converting Enzyme Inhibitor-insensitive Degradation of Lamin B1 and DNA Fragmentation in Isolated Thymocyte Nuclei

1996 • 65 citations

Loss of apc protein expressed by human colonic epithelial cells and the appearance of a specific low‐molecular‐weight form is associated with apoptosis IN vitro

1994 • 62 citations

Separate pools of endonuclease activity are responsible for internucleosomal and high molecular mass DNA fragmentation during apoptosis

1994 • 59 citations

Biochemical pathways of apoptosis: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-deficient cells are resistant to tumor necrosis factor or ultraviolet light activation of the 24-kD apoptotic protease and DNA fragmentation.

1996 • 58 citations

The cytotoxic T cell proteinase granzyme B does not activate interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme.

1994 • 55 citations

A pre‐existing protease is a common effector of thymocyte apoptosis mediated by diverse stimuli

1995 • 53 citations

DNA Fragmentation Induced by Protease Activation in p53-Null Human Leukemia HL60 Cells Undergoing Apoptosis Following Treatment with the Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Camptothecin: Cell-Free System Studies

1996 • 50 citations

Cleaved intracellular plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 in human myeloleukaemia cells is a marker of apoptosis

1994 • 46 citations

The suppression of drug-induced apoptosis by activation of v-ABL protein tyrosine kinase.

1994 • 45 citations

A protease-dependent TCR-induced death pathway in mature lymphocytes.

1995 • 41 citations

Commitment to Cell Death Is Signaled by the Appearance of a Terminin Protein of 30 kDa

1994 • 37 citations

Calpain Inhibitor-Induced Apoptosis in Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma Cells

1995 • 36 citations

Activation and possible involvement of calpain, a calcium-activated cysteine protease, in down-regulation of apoptosis of human monoblast U937 cells.

1995 • 35 citations

Ubiquitin with everything

1994 • 18 citations

ICE processing and kinetic mechanism

1997 • 5 citations