Many different tumor types have polyclonal tumor origin: Evidence and implications

The Hallmarks of Cancer

2000 • 27,569 citations

A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis

1990 • 11,800 citations

The Clonal Evolution of Tumor Cell Populations

1976 • 6,310 citations

Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers

2004 • 4,068 citations

Gene Action in the X-chromosome of the Mouse (Mus musculus L.)

1961 • 3,881 citations

Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease

2020 • 3,191 citations

KRAS Mutation Status Is Predictive of Response to Cetuximab Therapy in Colorectal Cancer

2006 • 2,187 citations

Putting tumours in context

2001 • 2,145 citations

Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

2007 • 2,139 citations

Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells

2007 • 2,114 citations

Mutator phenotype may be required for multistage carcinogenesis.

1991 • 1,327 citations

The age distribution of cancer and a multi-stage theory of carcinogenesis

2004 • 1,306 citations

The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer

1997 • 1,113 citations

Detection of carcinogens as mutagens: bacterial tester strains with R factor plasmids.

1975 • 1,030 citations

Multiple mutations and cancer

2003 • 748 citations

A Mutator Phenotype in Cancer 1

2001 • 675 citations

Clonal origin of human tumors

1976 • 662 citations

Clonal Analysis of Human Colorectal Tumors

1987 • 638 citations

The molecular biology of cancer

2000 • 571 citations

Clonal Origin of Pituitary Adenomas*

1990 • 552 citations

Clonal Origin of Bladder Cancer

1992 • 538 citations

Clonal origin of chronic myelocytic leukemia in man.

1967 • 532 citations

Mutations in APC, Kirsten-ras, and p53—alternative genetic pathways to colorectal cancer

2002 • 495 citations

Clonal populations of hematopoietic cells with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria genotype and phenotype are present in normal individuals

1999 • 403 citations

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Mosaicism: Utilization as a Cell Marker in the Study of Leiomyomas

1965 • 394 citations

Use of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms to Determine the Clonal Origin of Human Tumors

1985 • 387 citations

Mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA): application to the c-H-ras gene.

1992 • 379 citations

Multistage carcinogenesis and the incidence of colorectal cancer

2002 • 363 citations

Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumors are monoclonal in origin.

1990 • 360 citations

High mutation rate and predominance of insertions in the Caenorhabditis elegans nuclear genome

2004 • 351 citations

The cancer stem cell hypothesis: a work in progress

2006 • 337 citations

Multiple head and neck tumors: evidence for a common clonal origin.

1996 • 284 citations

Monoclonal Origin of Multicentric Kaposi's Sarcoma Lesions

1997 • 240 citations

Intestinal epithelial differentiation: new insights from chimeric and transgenic mice.

1989 • 231 citations

Polyclonal Origin of Colonic Adenomas in an XO/XY Patient with FAP

1996 • 227 citations

K-ras Mutations in Putative Preneoplastic Lesions in Human Colon

1993 • 224 citations

Comparison of fresh and paraffin‐embedded tissue as starting material for DNA flow cytometry and evaluation of intratumor heterogeneity

1988 • 220 citations

Biclonal B-Cell Lymphoma

1984 • 212 citations

Mutation and Human Cancer

1973 • 210 citations

Blockage of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-AKT Signaling Increases Radiosensitivity of K-RAS Mutated Human Tumor Cells In vitro by Affecting DNA Repair

2006 • 207 citations

Tissue specificity of X-chromosome inactivation patterns

1994 • 193 citations

PCR bias in amplification of androgen receptor alleles, a trinucleotide repeat marker used in clonality studies

1995 • 193 citations

Clonality of multifocal urothelial carcinomas: 10 years of molecular genetic studies

2002 • 187 citations

Clonal Origin of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma: Analysis by Loss of Heterozygosity, p53 Mutation, and X-Chromosome Inactivation

1992 • 157 citations

Radioresistance of K-Ras mutated human tumor cells is mediated through EGFR-dependent activation of PI3K-AKT pathway

2005 • 146 citations

The role of UV-B light in skin carcinogenesis through the analysis of p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinomas of hairless mice

1997 • 146 citations

APC Mutations and Other Genetic and Epigenetic Changes in Colon Cancer

2007 • 142 citations

N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced rat mammary tumors arise from cells with preexisting oncogenic Hras1 gene mutations.

1994 • 141 citations

Assessment of clonality in human tumors: a review.

1990 • 135 citations

Value of Genetic Variants of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Tracing the Origin of Malignant Tumors

1967 • 129 citations

X-inactivation patch size in human female tissue confounds the assessment of tumor clonality

2003 • 128 citations

Ignored Hallmarks of Carcinogenesis: Stem Cells and Cell‐Cell Communication

2004 • 110 citations

Multicellular Origin of Parathyroid “Adenomas”

1977 • 109 citations

The identification of monoclonality in human aberrant crypt foci.

1999 • 108 citations

A polymerase chain reaction assay for non-random X chromosome inactivation identifies monoclonal endometrial cancers and precancers.

1995 • 106 citations

Multiple Cell Origin of Hereditary Neurofibromas

1971 • 103 citations

Polyclonal structure of intestinal adenomas in Apc ^Min /+ mice with concomitant loss of Apc ⁺ from all tumor lineages

1997 • 101 citations

Multicellular origin of fibrosarcomas in mice induced by the chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene.

1979 • 96 citations

Molecular Evidence for the Independent Origin of Extra-ovarian Papillary Serous Tumors of Low Malignant Potential

2001 • 95 citations

On the nature of susceptibility to cancer. The presidential address

1980 • 93 citations

Chromosome abnormalities in benign hyperproliferative disorders of epithelial and stromal breast tissue

1995 • 92 citations

p53 overexpression and mutation in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: genetic evidence for a monoclonal origin of both the carcinomatous and the heterogeneous sarcomatous components

2004 • 91 citations

Ductal lesions in patients with chronic pancreatitis show K-ras mutations in a frequency similar to that in the normal pancreas and lack nuclear immunoreactivity for p53

2000 • 91 citations

Genetic insights into familial cancers – update and recent discoveries

2002 • 90 citations

Monoclonality of Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Lung

1999 • 90 citations

Analysis of the progression of fibroepithelial tumours of the breast by PCR‐based clonality assay

2002 • 90 citations

Radiosensitization of Ras-mutated human tumor cells in vitro by the specific EGF receptor antagonist BIBX1382BS

2004 • 86 citations

Precise microdissection of human bladder carcinomas reveals divergent tumor subclones in the same tumor

2001 • 83 citations

K-ras gene mutations in normal colorectal tissues from K-ras mutation-positive colorectal cancer patients.

1997 • 79 citations

Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

2003 • 79 citations

Clonal Origin of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia

1973 • 76 citations

Clonal Origin of Tumor Cells in a Plexiform Neurofibroma with LOH in NF1 Intron 38 and in Dermal Neurofibromas without LOH of the NF1 Gene

1997 • 69 citations

Oligoclonality in Bladder Cancer:: The Implication for Molecular Therapies

2004 • 66 citations

Evidence for the Clonal Origin of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia From a Sex Chromosome Mosaic: Clinical, Cytogenetic, and Marrow Culture Studies

1974 • 65 citations

Image cytophotometric DNA analysis of atypical hyperplasias and intraductal carcinomas of the breast.

1990 • 65 citations

Probable clonal origin of acute myeloblastic leukemia following radiation and chemotherapy of colon cancer.

1978 • 62 citations

Loss of heterozygosity analysis shows monoclonal evolution with frequent genetic progression and divergence in esophageal carcinosarcoma

2004 • 61 citations

Molecular Genetic Evidence for Different Clonal Origins of Epithelial and Stromal Components of Phyllodes Tumor of the Prostate

2004 • 60 citations

Direct evidence for presence of Ph-1 chromosome in erythroid cells.

1968 • 60 citations

Clonal Origin of the Philadelphia Chromosome and Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: Evidence from a Sex Chromosome Mosaic

1971 • 59 citations

A statistical model to estimate variance in long term-low dose mutation assays: testing of the model in a human lymphoblastoid mutation assay

1989 • 59 citations

Multiclonal Origin of Polyps in Gardner Syndrome

1983 • 58 citations

Molecular genetic analysis of ovarian serous cystadenomas

2004 • 57 citations

Detection of Isolated Tumor Cells by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for K-ras Mutations in Tissue Samples of 199 Colorectal Cancer Patients

2004 • 56 citations

X-Chromosome inactivation in healthy females: incidence of excessive lyonization with age and comparison of assays involving DNA methylation and transcript polymorphisms

1998 • 54 citations

Genetic tumor archeology: microdissection and genetic heterogeneity in squamous and basal cell carcinoma

2005 • 54 citations

Polyclonality of familial murine adenomas: Analyses of mouse chimeras with low tumor multiplicity suggest short-range interactions

2005 • 53 citations

Flow cytometric determination of breast tumor heterogeneity

1991 • 51 citations

Epigenetic aspects of genotoxic and non‐genotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis: Studies in rodents

2007 • 51 citations

Detection of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-induced H-ras codon 61 mutant genes in preneoplastic SENCAR mouse skin using a new PCR–RFLP method

1998 • 51 citations

Genetic variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the study of carcinoma of the cervix

1971 • 50 citations

Analysis of Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Chromosome 3p Deletions and Genetic Evidence of Polyclonal Origin of Cervical Squamous Carcinoma

2001 • 48 citations

Mutation of p53 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma correlates with Bcl‐2 expression and increased susceptibility to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis

2004 • 47 citations

Clonality of Pituitary Tumours: More Complicated than Initially Envisaged?

2001 • 45 citations

Thyroid Gland Clonality Revisited: The Embryonal Patch Size of the Normal Human Thyroid Gland Is Very Large, Suggesting X-Chromosome Inactivation Tumor Clonality Studies of Thyroid Tumors Have to Be Interpreted with Caution

2003 • 45 citations

Clonal origin of non-medullary thyroid tumours assessed by non-random X-chromosome inactivation

2002 • 45 citations

APC and K-ras gene mutation in aberrant crypt foci of human colon

2001 • 44 citations

Clonal analysis favours a monoclonal origin for serous borderline tumours with peritoneal implants

2006 • 44 citations

Fate of UVB-induced p53 mutations in SKH-hr1 mouse skin after discontinuation of irradiation: relationship to skin cancer development

2005 • 42 citations

Human studies of calcium supplementation and colorectal epithelial cell proliferation.

1997 • 41 citations

Clonality of oligoastrocytomas

2002 • 39 citations

Clonal origins of human breast cancer

2001 • 39 citations

The detection of K-ras mutations in colorectal cancer using the amplification-refractory mutation system

1998 • 37 citations

p53 protein accumulation and mutations in normal and benign breast tissue

2000 • 37 citations

Polyclonal origin of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2

1997 • 36 citations

Prospects for applying genotypic selection of somatic oncomutation to chemical risk assessment

2001 • 35 citations

Instability of X chromosome methylation in aberrant crypt foci of the human colon.

2000 • 34 citations

Detection of Infrequent and Multiple K-rasMutations in Human Tumors and Tumor-Adjacent Tissues

1997 • 34 citations

Molecular Toxicology Protocols

2014 • 33 citations

Detection of clonality and genetic alterations in endometrial pipelle biopsy and its surgical specimen counterpart.

1997 • 33 citations

Clonal Analysis and Mutations in the PTEN and the K-ras Genes in Endometrial Hyperplasia

2002 • 32 citations

6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase: Hemizygous Manifestation in a Patient with Leukemia

1969 • 32 citations

Analysis of meningiomas by methylation- and transcription-based clonality assays.

1995 • 32 citations

Methylation patterns in human androgen receptor gene and clonality analysis.

2000 • 31 citations

Estimation of mutation rates based on the analysis of polypeptide constituents of cultured human lymphoblastoid cells.

1988 • 31 citations

Clonality of dysplastic epithelium in colorectal adenomas from familial adenomatous polyposis patients.

1997 • 31 citations

Molecular Characterization of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Reveals Frequent Occurrence of Two B-Cell Clones Having Distinct IgH VDJ Sequences

2007 • 30 citations

Topographic analysis of K-ras mutations in histologically normal lung tissues and tumours of lung cancer patients

2001 • 30 citations

Clonal analysis of isolated intestinal metaplastic glands of stomach using X linked polymorphism

1998 • 30 citations

Polyclonal origin of mouse skin papillomas

1989 • 29 citations

Acquired skewing of Lyonization remains stable for a prolonged period in healthy blood donors

2002 • 29 citations

SOME TUMORS OF THE BLADDER ARE POLYCLONAL IN ORIGIN

2002 • 29 citations

Pathogenic characterization of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinomas in the rat

1998 • 26 citations

Mutation Detection in KRAS Exon 1 by Constant Denaturant Capillary Electrophoresis in 96 Parallel Capillaries

2002 • 26 citations

Levels of 4‐aminobiphenyl‐induced somatic H‐ras mutation in mouse liver DNA correlate with potential for liver tumor development

2005 • 26 citations

Probable Clonal Origin of Neurofibrosarcoma in a Patient With Hereditary Neurofibromatosis<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref>

1982 • 24 citations

Allele-Specific Competitive Blocker–PCR Detection of Rare Base Substitution

2004 • 24 citations

Demonstration of monoclonal origin of human parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma

1996 • 23 citations

Clonality of Precursors of Cervical Cancer and Their Genetical Links to Invasive Cancer

2000 • 23 citations

Intratumor Heterogeneity of K-Ras and p53 Mutations among Human Colorectal Adenomas Containing Early Cancer

2000 • 23 citations

Oncogenic base substitution mutations in circulating leukocytes of normal individuals.

2000 • 22 citations

Early p53 mutations in nondysplastic Barrett's tissue detected by the restriction site mutation (RSM) methodology

2003 • 22 citations

Analysis of p53 mutations in cells taken from paraffin-embedded tissue sections of ductal carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast

2004 • 22 citations

The restriction site mutation assay: a review of the methodology development and the current status of the technique

1999 • 22 citations

Clonal analysis of human meningiomas and schwannomas.

1990 • 21 citations

Detection of low-fraction K-ras mutations in primary lung tumors using a sensitive method

1997 • 20 citations

ACB-PCR measurement of K-ras codon 12 mutant fractions in livers of Big Blue(R) rats treated with N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene

2006 • 19 citations

Simulated solar light‐induced p53 mutagenesis in SKH‐1 mouse skin: A dose–response assessment

2008 • 16 citations

Epithelial carcinogenesis: challenging monoclonality

2003 • 16 citations

A novel high-specificity approach for colorectal neoplasia: Detection of K-ras2 oncogene mutation in normal mucosa

2004 • 15 citations

Patterns of X chromosome inactivation in sporadic basal cell carcinomas: Evidence for clonality

1998 • 15 citations

Clonality of Basal Cell Carcinoma—Molecular Analysis of an Interesting Case

1996 • 15 citations

A Statistical Test of the Hypothesis that Polyclonal Intestinal Tumors Arise by Random Collision of Initiated Clones

2006 • 12 citations

Distributions of five common point mutants in the human tracheal-bronchial epithelium

2006 • 12 citations

Monoclonal Origin of Anatomically Distinct Basal Cell Carcinomas

2006 • 12 citations

Populations of p53 codon 270 CGT to TGT mutant cells in SKH‐1 mouse skin tumors induced by simulated solar light

2008 • 11 citations

Clonal Analysis of Meningiomas

1996 • 7 citations

Polyclonal Development of Mouse Mammary Preneoplastic Nodules

2004 • 7 citations

Quantification of K-RAS codon 12 GAT and GTT mutation in colon tumor and non-tumor tissue by allele-specific competitive blocker PCR

2007 • 2 citations