Mucosal vaccines: the promise and the challenge

Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine

2005 • 4,852 citations

Recognition of Commensal Microflora by Toll-Like Receptors Is Required for Intestinal Homeostasis

2004 • 4,044 citations

CD4+ T Cell Depletion during all Stages of HIV Disease Occurs Predominantly in the Gastrointestinal Tract

2004 • 1,771 citations

CX ₃ CR1-Mediated Dendritic Cell Access to the Intestinal Lumen and Bacterial Clearance

2005 • 1,534 citations

Selective imprinting of gut-homing T cells by Peyer's patch dendritic cells

2003 • 1,058 citations

Immunity, Inflammation, and Allergy in the Gut

2005 • 1,036 citations

The Efficacy of Live Attenuated, Cold-Adapted, Trivalent, Intranasal Influenzavirus Vaccine in Children

1998 • 914 citations

Use of the Inactivated Intranasal Influenza Vaccine and the Risk of Bell's Palsy in Switzerland

2004 • 869 citations

Sexual Transmission and Propagation of SIV and HIV in Resting and Activated CD4 ⁺ T Cells

1999 • 868 citations

Salmonella typhimurium initiates murine infection by penetrating and destroying the specialized epithelial M cells of the Peyer's patches.

1994 • 859 citations

The common mucosal immune system and current strategies for induction of immune responses in external secretions

1987 • 810 citations

Cellular targets of infection and route of viral dissemination after an intravaginal inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus into rhesus macaques.

1996 • 705 citations

Antibody Protects Macaques against Vaginal Challenge with a Pathogenic R5 Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus at Serum Levels Giving Complete Neutralization In Vitro

2001 • 665 citations

Epithelial cells as sensors for microbial infection.

1997 • 623 citations

Antibodies, viruses and vaccines

2002 • 616 citations

Localization of Distinct Peyer's Patch Dendritic Cell Subsets and Their Recruitment by Chemokines Macrophage Inflammatory Protein (Mip)-3α, Mip-3β, and Secondary Lymphoid Organ Chemokine

2000 • 578 citations

Collaboration of epithelial cells with organized mucosal lymphoid tissues

2001 • 569 citations

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Rapidly Penetrates the Cervicovaginal Mucosa after Intravaginal Inoculation and Infects Intraepithelial Dendritic Cells

2000 • 522 citations

Plasma-cell homing

2003 • 514 citations

Transcytosis of infectious human immunodeficiency virus across a tight human epithelial cell line barrier

1997 • 502 citations

Intestinal IgA synthesis: regulation of front-line body defences

2003 • 489 citations

CCR6 Mediates Dendritic Cell Localization, Lymphocyte Homeostasis, and Immune Responses in Mucosal Tissue

2000 • 485 citations

Prevention of virus transmission to macaque monkeys by a vaginally applied monoclonal antibody to HIV-1 gp120

2003 • 466 citations

Human Neonatal Fc Receptor Mediates Transport of IgG into Luminal Secretions for Delivery of Antigens to Mucosal Dendritic Cells

2004 • 445 citations

INTERACTION OF ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES AT MUCOSAL SURFACES

1997 • 423 citations

Unique Functions of CD11b+, CD8α+, and Double-Negative Peyer’s Patch Dendritic Cells

2001 • 408 citations

HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity in HIV-seronegative partners of HIV-seropositive individuals

1997 • 403 citations

Role of the glycocalyx in regulating access of microparticles to apical plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells: implications for microbial attachment and oral vaccine targeting.

1996 • 392 citations

Cutting Edge: The Mucosal Adjuvant Cholera Toxin Redirects Vaccine Proteins into Olfactory Tissues

2000 • 365 citations

Regional specialization in the mucosal immune system: what happens in the microcompartments?

1999 • 348 citations

The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (secretory component) mediates transport of immune complexes across epithelial cells: a local defense function for IgA.

1991 • 346 citations

Intestinal dendritic cells increase T cell expression of α4β7 integrin

2002 • 309 citations

Comparison of the oral, rectal, and vaginal immunization routes for induction of antibodies in rectal and genital tract secretions of women

1997 • 292 citations

IgA and the IgA Fc receptor

2001 • 275 citations

Distribution of Poliovirus Antibody in Serum, Nasopharynx and Alimentary Tract Following Segmental Immunization of Lower Alimentary Tract with Poliovaccine

1969 • 272 citations

Mucosal immunization with HIV-1 peptide vaccine induces mucosal and systemic cytotoxic T lymphocytes and protective immunity in mice against intrarectal recombinant HIV-vaccinia challenge

1998 • 265 citations

Bacterial Flagellin Is an Effective Adjuvant for CD4+ T Cells In Vivo

2002 • 260 citations

Mucosal AIDS vaccine reduces disease and viral load in gut reservoir and blood after mucosal infection of macaques

2001 • 240 citations

Humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses to oral Norwalk virus-like particles in volunteers

2003 • 234 citations

Regulated MIP-3α/CCL20 production by human intestinal epithelium: mechanism for modulating mucosal immunity

2001 • 227 citations

Intestinal immune responses in humans. Oral cholera vaccination induces strong intestinal antibody responses and interferon-gamma production and evokes local immunological memory.

1991 • 226 citations

Differential Induction of Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses in Women After Nasal, Rectal, or Vaginal Immunization: Influence of the Menstrual Cycle

2002 • 225 citations

Selective Adherence of IgA to Murine Peyer’s Patch M Cells: Evidence for a Novel IgA Receptor

2002 • 223 citations

Poliovirus type 1 enters the human host through intestinal M cells

1990 • 215 citations

Intranasal Immunization with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides as an Adjuvant Dramatically Increases IgA and Protection Against Herpes Simplex Virus-2 in the Genital Tract

2001 • 215 citations

Efficacy Of A Quadrivalent Rhesus Rotavirus-Based Human Rotavirus Vaccine Aimed At Preventing Severe Rotavirus Diarrhea In Infants And Young Children

1996 • 211 citations

Transepithelial transport of HIV-1 by intestinal M cells: a mechanism for transmission of AIDS.

1991 • 204 citations

Therapeutic potential of oral tolerance

2004 • 204 citations

Transcutaneous immunization induces mucosal CTLs and protective immunity by migration of primed skin dendritic cells

2004 • 203 citations

Local Antibody Response to Poliovaccine in the Human Female Genital Tract

1973 • 203 citations

CC Chemokine Ligands 25 and 28 Play Essential Roles in Intestinal Extravasation of IgA Antibody-Secreting Cells

2004 • 202 citations

Lymphoglandular complexes of the colon: structure and distribution

1986 • 196 citations

Secretory IgA Specific for a Conserved Epitope on gp41 Envelope Glycoprotein Inhibits Epithelial Transcytosis of HIV-1

2001 • 193 citations

CCL9 Is Secreted by the Follicle-Associated Epithelium and Recruits Dome Region Peyer’s Patch CD11b+ Dendritic Cells

2003 • 179 citations

The importance of local mucosal HIV-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes for resistance to mucosal viral transmission in mice and enhancement of resistance by local administration of IL-12.

1998 • 167 citations

Differences in Immune Responses Induced by Oral and Rectal Immunizations withSalmonella typhiTy21a: Evidence for Compartmentalization within the Common Mucosal Immune System in Humans

1998 • 159 citations

A recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain is taken up and survives within murine Peyer's patch dendritic cells

2000 • 157 citations

Enhanced Mucosal Immunoglobulin A Response of Intranasal Adenoviral Vector Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine and Localization in the Central Nervous System

2003 • 156 citations

A mucosal vaccine against diphtheria: formulation of cross reacting material (CRM197) of diphtheria toxin with chitosan enhances local and systemic antibody and Th2 responses following nasal delivery

2000 • 154 citations

Cholera Toxin Induces Migration of Dendritic Cells from the Subepithelial Dome Region to T- and B-Cell Areas of Peyer's Patches

2002 • 153 citations

Immunomodulators and delivery systems for vaccination by mucosal routes

2001 • 149 citations

A Mucosal IgA-Mediated Excretory Immune System In Vivo

2001 • 146 citations

Langerhans cells, macrophages and lymphocyte subsets in the cervix and vagina of rhesus macaques.

1992 • 144 citations

Nasal Immunization of Nonhuman Primates with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus p55gagand Cholera Toxin Adjuvant Induces Th1/Th2 Help for Virus-Specific Immune Responses in Reproductive Tissues

1998 • 143 citations

Long‐Term Immunity and Protection against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in the Murine Female Genital Tract after Mucosal but Not Systemic Immunization

1998 • 136 citations

Immunobiology of Mucosal HIV Infection and the Basis for Development of a New Generation of Mucosal AIDS Vaccines

2004 • 132 citations

Differential Kinetics and Distribution of Antibodies in Serum and Nasal and Vaginal Secretions after Nasal and Oral Vaccination of Humans

1998 • 125 citations

Synthetic Soluble Analogs of Galactosylceramide (GalCer) Bind to the V3 Domain of HIV-1 gp120 and Inhibit HIV-1-induced Fusion and Entry

1997 • 117 citations

Induction of Mucosal Protection against Primary, Heterologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus by a DNA Vaccine

2002 • 114 citations

Modified Wick Method Using Weck-Cel Sponges for Collection of Human Rectal Secretions and Analysis of Mucosal HIV Antibody

2000 • 110 citations

HIV-1 gp41 Envelope Residues 650–685 Exposed on Native Virus Act as a Lectin to Bind Epithelial Cell Galactosyl Ceramide

2002 • 109 citations

Repeated Low-Dose Mucosal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Challenge Results in the Same Viral and Immunological Kinetics as High-Dose Challenge: a Model for the Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy in Nonhuman Primates

2004 • 105 citations

Intranasal Immunization Is Superior to Vaginal, Gastric, or Rectal Immunization for the Induction of Systemic and Mucosal Anti-HIV Antibody Responses

1997 • 105 citations

New insights into HIV-1 specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in exposed, persistently seronegative Kenyan sex workers

2001 • 103 citations

Antibody Responses in the Lower Respiratory Tract and Male Urogenital Tract in Humans after Nasal and Oral Vaccination with Cholera Toxin B Subunit

1999 • 101 citations

Mechanisms of HIV/SIV Mucosal Transmission

1994 • 101 citations

Transepithelial transport of HIV-1 by M cells is receptor-mediated

2002 • 100 citations

Getting to the Guts of HIV Pathogenesis

2004 • 99 citations

The Role of Mucosal Immunity in Prevention of HIV Transmission

2003 • 98 citations

Immunoglobulin G is the main protective antibody in mouse vaginal secretions after vaginal immunization with attenuated herpes simplex virus type 2

1997 • 97 citations

Protection against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaginal Challenge by Using Sabin Poliovirus Vectors

2001 • 97 citations

Control of Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viremia and Disease Progression after IL-2-Augmented DNA-Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Nasal Vaccination in Nonhuman Primates

2004 • 94 citations

Evidence of M cells as portals of entry for antigens in the nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue of humans

2000 • 93 citations

High-Level Ability of Secretory IgA to Block HIV Type 1 Transcytosis: Contrasting Secretory IgA and IgG Responses to Glycoprotein 160

1997 • 90 citations

A mucosally targeted subunit vaccine candidate eliciting HIV-1 transcytosis-blocking Abs

2004 • 90 citations

P-Selectin and P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1 Are Major Determinants for Th1 Cell Recruitment to Nonlymphoid Effector Sites in the Intestinal Lamina Propria

2003 • 87 citations

Interplay of Cytokines and Adjuvants in the Regulation of Mucosal and Systemic HIV-Specific CTL

2000 • 86 citations

Serum IgA of HIV-exposed uninfected individuals inhibit HIV through recognition of a region within the α-helix of gp41

2002 • 85 citations

Dendritic Cells in the Respiratory Tract

1990 • 85 citations

Immunogenicity of Attenuated Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors Expressing HIV Type 1 Env and SIV Gag Proteins: Comparison of Intranasal and Intramuscular Vaccination Routes

2004 • 80 citations

Local Intravaginal Vaccination of the Female Genital Tract

1996 • 77 citations

Live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac in macaques can induce protection against mucosal infection with SIVsm

1998 • 77 citations

Secretory Immunoglobulin A Antibodies against the σ1 Outer Capsid Protein of Reovirus Type 1 Lang Prevent Infection of Mouse Peyer's Patches

2003 • 75 citations

Specific-Antibody-Secreting Cells in the Rectums and Genital Tracts of Nonhuman Primates following Vaccination

1998 • 74 citations

Mucosal Immunoglobulins

2005 • 69 citations

Early protection against pathogenic virus infection at a mucosal challenge site after vaccination with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus

2004 • 66 citations

Accessibility of glycolipid and oligosaccharide epitopes on rabbit villus and follicle-associated epithelium

2000 • 64 citations

Specific immune response in humans following rectal delivery of live typhoid vaccine

1990 • 64 citations

Dendritic Cells and Langerhans Cells in the Uptake of Mucosal Antigens

1999 • 63 citations

Immunization Against Bacterial Diseases of the Intestine

2000 • 63 citations

Enhanced cellular immunity and systemic control of SHIV infection by combined parenteral and mucosal administration of a DNA prime MVA boost vaccine regimen

2004 • 61 citations

Expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag, pol, and env proteins from chimeric HIV-1-poliovirus minireplicons

1991 • 61 citations

Effective Induction of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Primates by Vaccination with Proviral DNA Producing Intact but Noninfectious Virions

2000 • 60 citations

Mucosal and Systemic Anti-HIV Responses in Rhesus Macaques following Combinations of Intranasal and Parenteral Immunizations

2004 • 56 citations

Comparison of Systemic and Mucosal Delivery of 2 Canarypox Virus Vaccines Expressing either HIV‐1 Genes or the Gene for Rabies Virus G Protein

2004 • 56 citations

A Pathogen-specific Epitope Inserted into Recombinant Secretory Immunoglobulin A Is Immunogenic by the Oral Route

1996 • 55 citations

Induction of Mucosal Homing Virus-Specific CD8⁺T Lymphocytes by Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

2000 • 54 citations

Protection by Intranasal Immunization of a nef-Deleted, Nonpathogenic SHIV against Intravaginal Challenge with a Heterologous Pathogenic SHIV

2002 • 54 citations

Oral immunization with simian immunodeficiency virus p55gag and cholera toxin elicits both mucosal IgA and systemic IgG immune responses in nonhuman primates.

1997 • 52 citations

A novel intranasal Protollin™-based measles vaccine induces mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibody responses and cell-mediated immunity in mice

2004 • 51 citations

A call for replicating vector prime-protein boost strategies in HIV vaccine design

2004 • 43 citations

Vaccine delivery: lipid-based delivery systems

2000 • 42 citations

From toxin to adjuvant: basic mechanisms for the control of mucosal IgA immunity and tolerance

2005 • 40 citations

Emerging concepts in gastrointestinal aspects of HIV-1 pathogenesis and management

2001 • 38 citations

Protective Immunity of Microsphere-Based Mucosal Vaccines against Lethal Intranasal Challenge withStreptococcus pneumoniae

1999 • 38 citations

Serum and Secretory IgA from HIV-Infected Individuals Mediate Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

1996 • 31 citations

Mucosal Immunity in the Human Female Reproductive Tract

2005 • 26 citations

Cellular and Molecular Basis for Antigen Transport Across Epithelial Barriers

2005 • 20 citations

Bacteria-derived particles as adjuvants for non-replicating nasal vaccines

2001 • 19 citations

Mucosal Vaccination Increases Endothelial Expression of Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

2004 • 17 citations

Non-replicating mucosal and systemic vaccines: quantitative and qualitative differences in the Ag-specific CD8+ T cell population in different tissues

2003 • 14 citations

Mucosal Adjuvants

2005 • 11 citations