Biological aspects of reactive nitrogen species

Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology.

1991 • 15,563 citations

Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide.

1990 • 7,068 citations

Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Disease

1995 • 6,610 citations

Apoptosis by Death Factor

1997 • 5,038 citations

Helicobacter pyloriInfection and the Risk of Gastric Carcinoma

1991 • 3,869 citations

Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE

1994 • 2,575 citations

Mechanisms and Genes of Cellular Suicide

1995 • 2,514 citations

Peroxynitrite oxidation of sulfhydryls.

1991 • 2,479 citations

Peroxynitrite-induced membrane lipid peroxidation: The cytotoxic potential of superoxide and nitric oxide

1991 • 2,215 citations

Apoptosis and necrosis: two distinct events induced, respectively, by mild and intense insults with N-methyl-D-aspartate or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures.

1995 • 1,968 citations

Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines.

1995 • 1,762 citations

Mechanism of vascular smooth muscle relaxation by organic nitrates, nitrites, nitroprusside and nitric oxide: evidence for the involvement of S-nitrosothiols as active intermediates.

1981 • 1,624 citations

Peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration catalyzed by superoxide dismutase

1992 • 1,499 citations

Formation of nitric oxide-derived inflammatory oxidants by myeloperoxidase in neutrophils

1998 • 1,494 citations

Oxidants as Stimulators of Signal Transduction

1997 • 1,380 citations

Nitric oxide regulation of superoxide and peroxynitrite-dependent lipid peroxidation. Formation of novel nitrogen-containing oxidized lipid derivatives

1994 • 1,348 citations

Widespread Peroxynitrite-Mediated Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease

1997 • 1,241 citations

Extensive Nitration of Protein Tyrosines in Human Atherosclerosis Detected by Immunohistochemistry

1994 • 1,138 citations

Peroxynitrite formation from macrophage-derived nitric oxide

1992 • 1,118 citations

Activation of the Cardiac Calcium Release Channel (Ryanodine Receptor) by Poly-S-Nitrosylation

1998 • 983 citations

Formation of Reactive Nitrogen Species during Peroxidase-catalyzed Oxidation of Nitrite

1997 • 778 citations

Nitration and inactivation of manganese superoxide dismutase in chronic rejection of human renal allografts.

1996 • 771 citations

An evolutionary perspective on apoptosis

1994 • 758 citations

Evidence for nitric oxide‐mediated oxidative damage in chronic inflammation Nitrotyrosine in serum and synovial fluid from rheumatoid patients

1994 • 718 citations

Induction and Stabilization of IκBα by Nitric Oxide Mediates Inhibition of NF-κB

1995 • 707 citations

A License to Kill

1996 • 649 citations

Quantitation of nitrotyrosine levels in lung sections of patients and animals with acute lung injury.

1994 • 599 citations

Aconitase is readily inactivated by peroxynitrite, but not by its precursor, nitric oxide.

1994 • 596 citations

Accelerated reaction of nitric oxide with O ₂ within the hydrophobic interior of biological membranes

1998 • 590 citations

Superoxide and peroxynitrite inactivate aconitases, but nitric oxide does not.

1994 • 585 citations

Peroxynitrite Reaction with Carbon Dioxide/Bicarbonate: Kinetics and Influence on Peroxynitrite-Mediated Oxidations

1996 • 583 citations

Biochemical structural and functional properties of oxidized low-density lipoprotein

1990 • 536 citations

Cleavage of lamin A by Mch2 alpha but not CPP32: multiple interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme-related proteases with distinct substrate recognition properties are active in apoptosis.

1996 • 529 citations

Nitric Oxide‐Mediated Mitochondrial Damage in the Brain: Mechanisms and Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases

1997 • 525 citations

Inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, and apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori gastritis: effect of antibiotics and antioxidants.

1996 • 494 citations

Evidence for In Vivo Peroxynitrite Production in Human Acute Lung Injury

1995 • 491 citations

A Molecular Redox Switch on p21

1997 • 488 citations

Reactions of the bioregulatory agent nitric oxide in oxygenated aqueous media: Determination of the kinetics for oxidation and nitrosation by intermediates generated in the nitric oxide/oxygen reaction

1993 • 474 citations

Glutathione Peroxidase Protects against Peroxynitrite-mediated Oxidations

1997 • 470 citations

The Simultaneous Generation of Superoxide and Nitric Oxide Can Initiate Lipid Peroxidation in Human Low Density Lipoprotein

1992 • 460 citations

Effects of peroxynitrite‐induced protein modifications on tyrosine phosphorylation and degradation

1996 • 450 citations

Formation of Nitrating and Chlorinating Species by Reaction of Nitrite with Hypochlorous Acid

1996 • 440 citations

Peroxynitrite, the coupling product of nitric oxide and superoxide, activates prostaglandin biosynthesis

1996 • 428 citations

Inhibition of low‐density lipoprotein oxidation by nitric oxide Potential role in atherogenesis

1993 • 411 citations

Inducible nitric oxide synthase is present within human atherosclerotic lesions and promotes the formation and activity of peroxynitrite.

1996 • 410 citations

p21 as a Common Signaling Target of Reactive Free Radicals and Cellular Redox Stress

1995 • 409 citations

Diffusion of peroxynitrite across erythrocyte membranes

1998 • 399 citations

Cytoprotective function of nitric oxide: Inactivation of superoxide radicals produced by human leukocytes

1991 • 368 citations

Nitric Oxide-stimulated Guanine Nucleotide Exchange on p21ras

1995 • 367 citations

Paradoxical fate and biological action of peroxynitrite on human platelets.

1994 • 364 citations

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Dependent Superoxide Generation from Adriamycin

1997 • 360 citations

Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Contribute to Motor Neuron Apoptosis Induced by Trophic Factor Deprivation

1998 • 342 citations

Peroxynitrite disables the tyrosine phosphorylation regulatory mechanism: Lymphocyte-specific tyrosine kinase fails to phosphorylate nitrated cdc2(6-20)NH2 peptide.

1996 • 341 citations

β cell apoptosis in T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes

1997 • 330 citations

Blood radicals: reactive nitrogen species, reactive oxygen species, transition metal ions, and the vascular system.

1996 • 322 citations

Peroxynitrite-mediated DNA strand breakage activates poly-adenosine diphosphate ribosyl synthetase and causes cellular energy depletion in macrophages stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

1996 • 322 citations

The Reaction of Nitric Oxide with Organic Peroxyl Radicals

1993 • 318 citations

Carbon Dioxide Enhancement of Peroxynitrite-Mediated Protein Tyrosine Nitration

1996 • 302 citations

Peroxynitrite induces both vasodilatation and impaired vascular relaxation in the isolated perfused rat heart.

1994 • 300 citations

Peroxynitrite-induced Apoptosis in HL-60 Cells

1995 • 300 citations

Peroxynitrite rapidly permeates phospholipid membranes

1997 • 299 citations

Thiol Compounds Interact with Nitric Oxide in Regulating Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction in Endothelial Cells

1997 • 297 citations

Mechanisms of cerebral vasodilation by superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite

1996 • 296 citations

Peroxynitrite‐Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells: Evidence for an Apoptotic Mechanism Differentially Modulated by Neurotrophic Factors

1995 • 292 citations

Tyrosine Nitration as a Mechanism of Selective Inactivation of Prostacyclin Synthase by Peroxynitrite

1997 • 287 citations

Nitric Oxide Regulation of Tissue Free Radical Injury

1996 • 278 citations

DNA Damage and Oxidation of Thiols Peroxynitrite Causes in Rat Thymocytes

1995 • 271 citations

Peroxynitrite inhibits leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

1997 • 270 citations

Role of Poly-ADP Ribosyltransferase Activation in the Vascular Contractile and Energetic Failure Elicited by Exogenous and Endogenous Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite

1996 • 254 citations

Peroxynitrite-Dependent Tryptophan Nitration

1996 • 254 citations

Pathways of peroxynitrite oxidation of thiol groups

1997 • 254 citations

Nitric Oxide Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation: Kinetics of Reaction with Lipid Peroxyl Radicals and Comparison with α-Tocopherol

1997 • 252 citations

Nitric Oxide Regulation of Superoxide and Peroxynitrite-dependent Lipid Peroxidation

1994 • 244 citations

Interaction of myeloperoxidase with peroxynitrite

1993 • 233 citations

Peroxynitrite, a product of superoxide and nitric oxide, produces coronary vasorelaxation in dogs.

1994 • 232 citations

Ebselen as a Glutathione Peroxidase Mimic and as a Scavenger of Peroxynitrite

1996 • 226 citations

Kinetics of nitric oxide autoxidation in aqueous solution.

1994 • 225 citations

Characterization of Sulfur-centered Radical Intermediates Formed during the Oxidation of Thiols and Sulfite by Peroxynitrite

1996 • 222 citations

Apoptosis Is the Mode of β-Cell Death Responsible for the Development of IDDM in the Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse

1997 • 203 citations

The formation of nitric oxide donors from peroxynitrite

1995 • 203 citations

Peroxynitrite-induced Accumulation of Cyclic GMP in Endothelial Cells and Stimulation of Purified Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase

1995 • 199 citations

A New Pathway of Nitric Oxide/Cyclic GMP Signaling InvolvingS-Nitrosoglutathione

1998 • 199 citations

Molecular Ordering of Apoptotic Mammalian CED-3/ICE-like Proteases

1996 • 198 citations

Interleukin-1β-Induced Nitric Oxide Production Activates Apoptosis in Pancreatic RINm5F Cells

1994 • 194 citations

Evidence for in vivo peroxynitrite production in human acute lung injury.

1995 • 193 citations

Mouse islet cell lysis mediated by interleukin-1-induced Fas

1996 • 187 citations

BETA-CELL APOPTOSIS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDDM IN THE MULTIPLE LOW-DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN MODEL

1996 • 181 citations

Involvement of nitric oxide and nitrosothiols in relaxation of pulmonary arteries to peroxynitrite

1994 • 180 citations

Carbon Dioxide: Physiological Catalyst for Peroxynitrite-Mediated Cellular Damage or Cellular Protectant?

1996 • 176 citations

The Reaction of Ebselen with Peroxynitrite

1996 • 171 citations

Peroxynitrite modulates tyrosine‐dependent signal transduction pathway of human erythrocyte band 3

1997 • 168 citations

Lack of Tyrosine Nitration by Peroxynitrite Generated at Physiological pH

1998 • 167 citations

Formation of F ₂ -Isoprostanes During Oxidation of Human Low-Density Lipoprotein and Plasma by Peroxynitrite

1995 • 161 citations

Peroxynitrite Causes Apoptosis in Rat Thymocytes

1995 • 153 citations

Carbon dioxide stimulates peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine residues and inhibits oxidation of methionine residues of glutamine synthetase: Both modifications mimic effects of adenylylation

1998 • 151 citations

Development of Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice Is Associated With the Formation of Peroxynitrite in Pancreatic Islet β-Cells

1997 • 149 citations

Peroxynitrite‐mediated oxidation of albumin to the protein‐thiyl free radical

1994 • 146 citations

NITRIC OXIDE PHYSIOLOGY

1997 • 145 citations

Nitric Oxide Attenuates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Activation by Interferon-γ

1996 • 145 citations

Peroxynitrite releases copper from caeruloplasmin: implications for atherosclerosis

1994 • 137 citations

Formation of oxysterols during oxidation of low density lipoprotein by peroxynitrite, myoglobin, and copper

1996 • 135 citations

Inactivation of Glutathione Peroxidase by Peroxynitrite

1998 • 133 citations

Reactive Oxygen Species Participate in Peroxynitrite-Induced Apoptosis in HL-60 Cells

1997 • 119 citations

Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by nitric oxide

1993 • 119 citations

Selenium-Containing Compounds Protect DNA fromSingle-Strand Breaks Caused by Peroxynitrite

1996 • 117 citations

Sensitivity of human pancreatic islets to peroxynitrite-induced cell dysfunction and death

1996 • 106 citations

The Importance of Superoxide in Nitric Oxide-Dependent Toxicity

1996 • 105 citations

Peroxynitrite-Induced Apoptosis in T84 and RAW 264.7 Cells: Attenuation by l-Ascorbic Acid

1997 • 104 citations

Peroxynitrite stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell cyclic GMP synthesis

1995 • 104 citations

Heme-Dependent Activation of Guanylate Cyclase by Nitric Oxide: A Novel Signal Transduction Mechanism

1991 • 103 citations

The Oxidation of α-Tocopherol and Trolox by Peroxynitrite

1994 • 101 citations

Peroxynitrite and atherosclerosis

1993 • 99 citations

Streptozotocin at low doses induces apoptosis and at high doses causes necrosis in a murine pancreatic ß cell line, INS-1

1996 • 93 citations

Oxidative Modification and Nitration of Human Low-Density Lipoproteins by the Reaction of Hypochlorous Acid with Nitrite

1997 • 92 citations

Peroxynitrite-Mediated Heme Oxidation and Protein Modification of Native and Chemically Modified Hemoglobins

1998 • 89 citations

A survey of chemicals inducing lipid peroxidation in biological systems

1987 • 84 citations

Redox Modulation of Iron Regulatory Proteins by Peroxynitrite

1997 • 83 citations

Nitric oxide-dependent and independent effects on human platelets treated with peroxynitrite

1998 • 80 citations

[20] Peroxynitrite-dependent tyrosine nitration catalyzed by superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, and horseradish peroxidase

1996 • 75 citations

Effect of peroxynitrite on erythrocytes

1996 • 75 citations

Nerve Growth Factor Protects PC12 Cells Against Peroxynitrite‐Induced Apoptosis via a Mechanism Dependent on Phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase

1997 • 75 citations

Reaction of peroxynitrite with oxyhaemoglobin: interference with photometrical determination of nitric oxide

1994 • 71 citations

Clinical pharmacology of organic nitrates

1993 • 65 citations

The interplay of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite with signal transduction pathways: Implications for disease

1997 • 55 citations

Amphiphilic peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts in liposomal assemblies

1997 • 52 citations

Nitrosation of organic hydroperoxides by nitrogen dioxide/dinitrogen tetraoxide

1985 • 52 citations

Evidence That Angiotensin II and Lipoxygenase Products Activate c-Jun NH ₂ -Terminal Kinase

1997 • 51 citations

Peroxynitrite inhibition of nitric oxide synthases

1996 • 47 citations

Leukotriene antagonists and inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis as potential therapeutic agents

1991 • 46 citations

Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor Enhances Peroxynitrite-Induced Apoptosis in Primary Murine Fibroblasts

1996 • 44 citations

Thiols and disulphides can aggravate peroxynitrite‐dependent inactivation of α₁‐antiproteinase

1997 • 41 citations

Role of apolipoprotein B-derived radical and alpha-tocopheroxyl radical in peroxidase-dependent oxidation of low density lipoprotein.

1995 • 39 citations

The effects of peroxynitrite on rat aorta: Interaction with glucose and related substances

1997 • 37 citations

Carbon Dioxide Catalysis of the Reaction of Peroxynitrite with Ethyl Acetoacetate: An Example of Aliphatic Nitration by Peroxynitrite

1996 • 33 citations

Evidence for glutathione involvement in platelet-derived growth-factor-mediated signal transduction

1997 • 32 citations

Formation of the NO donors glyceryl mononitrate and glyceryl mononitrite from the reaction of peroxynitrite with glycerol

1997 • 32 citations

Elevation in arterial blood pressure following the development of tachyphylaxis to peroxynitrite

1996 • 32 citations

Reaction of Peroxynitrite with HEPES or MOPS Results in the Formation of Nitric Oxide Donors

1998 • 32 citations

The production of nitrating species by the reaction between nitrite and hypochlorous acid.

1995 • 21 citations

Flavone Acetic Acid Stimulates Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite Production in Subcutaneous Mouse Tumors

1997 • 14 citations

Interaction of myeloperoxidase with peroxynitrite.

1993 • 1 citations