Tyrosine hydroxylase and Parkinson's disease

Mutation in the α-Synuclein Gene Identified in Families with Parkinson's Disease

1997 • 7,814 citations

Oxidative Stress, Glutamate, and Neurodegenerative Disorders

1993 • 3,746 citations

Formation of Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusions Underlies the Neurological Dysfunction in Mice Transgenic for the HD Mutation

1997 • 2,184 citations

Tyrosine Hydroxylase

1964 • 2,038 citations

Verteilung Von Noradrenalin Und Dopamin (3-Hydroxytyramin) Im Gehirn Des Menschen Und Ihr Verhalten Bei Erkrankungen Des Extrapyramidalen Systems

1960 • 1,863 citations

BDNF is a neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra

1991 • 1,487 citations

Free Radicals as Mediators of Tissue Injury and Disease

1993 • 1,480 citations

Aging, energy, and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases

1995 • 1,453 citations

Basal Lipid Peroxidation in Substantia Nigra Is Increased in Parkinson's Disease

1989 • 1,369 citations

Transition Metals, Ferritin, Glutathione, and Ascorbic Acid in Parkinsonian Brains

1989 • 1,367 citations

Huntingtin-Encoded Polyglutamine Expansions Form Amyloid-like Protein Aggregates In Vitro and In Vivo

1997 • 1,283 citations

Renal and neuronal abnormalities in mice lacking GDNF

1996 • 1,260 citations

Renal agenesis and the absence of enteric neurons in mice lacking GDNF

1996 • 1,208 citations

Increased Nigral Iron Content and Alterations in Other Metal Ions Occurring in Brain in Parkinson's Disease

1989 • 1,117 citations

Oxidative pathways for catecholamines in the genesis of neuromelanin and cytotoxic quinones.

1978 • 1,073 citations

Long-term gene expression and phenotypic correction using adeno-associated virus vectors in the mammalian brain

1994 • 1,032 citations

Parallel signal processing among mammalian MAPKs

1995 • 1,015 citations

Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

1996 • 967 citations

Effect of Deprenyl on the Progression of Disability in Early Parkinson's Disease

1989 • 913 citations

Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA shows marked age‐dependent increases in human brain

1993 • 759 citations

Mapping of a Gene for Parkinson's Disease to Chromosome 4q21-q23

1996 • 759 citations

Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress

1996 • 755 citations

Hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation caused by mutations in the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene

1994 • 751 citations

Protein kinase cascades activated by stress and inflammatory cytokines

1996 • 722 citations

Altered Brain Metabolism of Iron as a Cause of Neurodegenerative Diseases?

1994 • 701 citations

Intricate Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity and Gene Expression

1996 • 673 citations

Selective Increase of Iron in Substantia Nigra Zona Compacta of Parkinsonian Brains

1991 • 516 citations

B. TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE

1966 • 493 citations

Apoptosis Induced by Withdrawal of Trophic Factors Is Mediated by p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase

1997 • 471 citations

Glutathione peroxidase, glial cells and Parkinson's disease

1993 • 448 citations

Free radicals in brain metabolism and pathology

1993 • 443 citations

Targeted disruption of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene reveals that catecholamines are required for mouse fetal development

1995 • 441 citations

Mammalian tyrosinase—The critical regulatory control point in melanocyte pigmentation

1987 • 439 citations

Mosaicism for a specific somatic mitochondrial DNA mutation in adult human brain

1992 • 416 citations

Fetal Nigral Transplantation as a Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

2006 • 411 citations

A large kindred with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease

1990 • 411 citations

A single human gene encoding multiple tyrosine hydroxylases with different predicted functional characteristics

1987 • 353 citations

Increase of deleted mitochondrial DNA in the striatum in Parkinson's disease and senescence

1990 • 345 citations

Oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in Parkinson's disease

1996 • 342 citations

The effect of age on the activity and molecular properties of human brain monoamine oxidase

1980 • 342 citations

Long-Term Behavioral Recovery in Parkinsonian Rats by an HSV Vector Expressing Tyrosine Hydroxylase

1994 • 333 citations

Pterin-Dependent Amino Acid Hydroxylases

1996 • 318 citations

Biological origin of free radicals, and mechanisms of antioxidant protection

1994 • 308 citations

Crystal Structure of the Biphenyl-Cleaving Extradiol Dioxygenase from a PCB-Degrading Pseudomonad

1995 • 297 citations

Transport of Iron in the Blood‐Brain‐Cerebrospinal Fluid System

1997 • 272 citations

Intrastriatal implantation of fibroblasts genetically engineered to produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

1995 • 269 citations

Hypoxia increases rate of transcription and stability of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.

1994 • 264 citations

Survival and function of intrastriatally grafted primary fibroblasts genetically modified to produce l-dopa

1991 • 261 citations

Grafting fibroblasts genetically modified to produce L-dopa in a rat model of Parkinson disease.

1989 • 258 citations

Crystal structure of tyrosine hydroxylase at 2.3 Å and its implications for inherited neurodegenerative diseases

1997 • 252 citations

Human gene for torsion dystonia located on chromosome 9q32-q34

1989 • 245 citations

Induction of apoptosis in catecholaminergic PC12 cells by L-DOPA. Implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

1995 • 241 citations

Superoxide dismutase, aging, and degenerative disease

1994 • 234 citations

Dopamine, 6-hydroxydopamine, iron, and dioxygen — their mutual interactions and possible implication in the development of Parkinson's disease

1996 • 232 citations

Lazaroids improve the survival of grafted rat embryonic dopamine neurons.

1994 • 225 citations

In vivo release of DOPA and dopamine from genetically engineered cells grafted to the denervated rat striatum

1990 • 225 citations

Targeted Disruption of the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Locus Results in Severe Catecholamine Depletion and Perinatal Lethality in Mice

1995 • 220 citations

Correspondence

1996 • 215 citations

Exposure to hydrogen peroxide induces cell death via apoptosis in cultured rat cortical neurons

1994 • 208 citations

Oxidative stress as a cause of Parkinson's disease

1991 • 203 citations

A point mutation in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene associated with Segawa's syndrome

1995 • 202 citations

Recessively inherited L-DOPA-responsive dystonia caused by a point mutation (Q381K) in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene

1995 • 200 citations

Dopa-responsive dystonia

2012 • 192 citations

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS VECTORS FOR HUMAN GENE THERAPY

1995 • 187 citations

Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene Expression in the Rat Carotid Body by Hypoxia

1992 • 186 citations

Recessively inherited L-DOPA-responsive parkinsonism in infancy caused by a point mutation (L205P) in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene

1996 • 186 citations

Glial Cell Line‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exerts Neurotrophic Effects on Dopaminergic Neurons In Vitro and Promotes Their Survival and Regrowth After Damage by 1‐Methyl‐4‐Phenylpyridinium

1996 • 181 citations

Dopa‐responsive dystonia: Pathological and biochemical observations in a case

1994 • 180 citations

Phosphorylation and activation of human tyrosine hydroxylase in vitro by mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase and MAP‐kinase‐activated kinases 1 and 2

1993 • 175 citations

Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human phenylalanine hydroxylase reveals the structural basis for phenylketonuria

1997 • 175 citations

Targeted vectors for gene therapy

1995 • 163 citations

Direct intracerebral gene transfer of an adenoviral vector expressing tyrosine hydroxylase in a rat model of Parkinsonʼs disease

1994 • 160 citations

Site-directed mutagenesis of serine 40 of rat tyrosine hydroxylase. Effects of dopamine and cAMP-dependent phosphorylation on enzyme activity.

1992 • 149 citations

Astrocytes retrovirally transduced with BDNF elicit behavioral improvement in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

1995 • 148 citations

Understanding Parkinson's Disease

1997 • 146 citations

Tyrosine hydroxylase: human isoforms, structure and regulation in physiology and pathology.

1995 • 145 citations

BDNF Enhances the Functional Reinnervation of the Striatum by Grafted Fetal Dopamine Neurons

1996 • 141 citations

Generation of DOPA-Producing Astrocytes by Retroviral Transduction of the Human Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene:In VitroCharacterization andin VivoEffects in the Rat Parkinson Model

1996 • 140 citations

Neural-Targeted Gene Therapy for Rodent and Primate Hemiparkinsonism

1994 • 139 citations

Effects of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor on 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinsonism in Monkeys

1995 • 138 citations

Specific A10 Dopaminergic Nuclei in the Midbrain Degenerate in Parkinson's Disease

1997 • 126 citations

Multiple signaling pathways in bovine chromaffin cells regulate tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation at Ser19, Ser31, and Ser40

1993 • 124 citations

THE HISTOCHEMICAL RELATIONSHIP OF NEUROMELANIN AND LIPOFUSCIN

1969 • 124 citations

The roles of neuromelanin, binding of metal ions, and oxidative cytotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: A hypothesis

1994 • 114 citations

Dopa-responsive dystonia in British patients: new mutations of the GTP- cyclohydrolase I gene and evidence for genetic heterogeneity

1996 • 112 citations

Characterization of the Active Site Iron in Tyrosine Hydroxylase

1996 • 111 citations

Localization of the Gene for Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Parkinsonism and Dementia with Pallido-Ponto-Nigral Degeneration to Chromosome 17q21

1996 • 111 citations

Double transduction with GTP cyclohydrolase I and tyrosine hydroxylase is necessary for spontaneous synthesis of L-DOPA by primary fibroblasts.

1996 • 109 citations

Resonance Raman studies on the blue-green-colored bovine adrenal tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (tyrosine hydroxylase). Evidence that the feedback inhibitors adrenaline and noradrenaline are coordinated to iron.

1988 • 107 citations

7th International Symposium

2004 • 106 citations

Recombinant human tyrosine hydroxylase isozymes

1991 • 106 citations

Does Oxidative Stress Participate in Nerve Cell Death in Parkinson’s Disease?

1993 • 104 citations

Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription rate and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA stability by cyclic AMP and glucocorticoid.

1992 • 101 citations

A dual role for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression.

1993 • 96 citations

Double Transduction with GTP Cyclohydrolase I and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Is Necessary for Spontaneous Synthesis ofl-DOPA by Primary Fibroblasts

1996 • 94 citations

Resonance Raman Studies of Catecholate and Phenolate Complexes of Recombinant Human Tyrosine Hydroxylase

1995 • 93 citations

Two-Locus Admixture Linkage Analysis of Bipolar and Unipolar Affective Disorder Supports the Presence of Susceptibility Loci on Chromosomes 11p15 and 21q22

1997 • 93 citations

A Novel Adenovirus—Adeno-Associated Virus Hybrid Vector That Displays Efficient Rescue and Delivery of the AAV Genome

1996 • 92 citations

Four isoforms of tyrosine hydroxylase are expressed in human brain

1993 • 91 citations

Alterations in Brain Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease, and Pick's Disease

1991 • 90 citations

Association of the mitochondrial tRNA^A4336G mutation with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases

1997 • 90 citations

The stress activated protein kinase pathway.

1996 • 90 citations

Isolation and sequence of a cDNA clone which contains the complete coding region of rat phenylalanine hydroxylase. Structural homology with tyrosine hydroxylase, glucocorticoid regulation, and use of alternate polyadenylation sites.

1986 • 89 citations

Hydrogen peroxide production by monoamine oxidase in isolated rat-brain mitochondria: its effect on glutathione levels and Ca2+ efflux

1990 • 88 citations

Homospecific activity (activity per enzyme protein) of tyrosine hydroxylase increases in parkinsonian brain

1988 • 88 citations

Regulation of recombinant human tyrosine hydroxylase isozymes by catecholamine binding and phosphorylation

1992 • 87 citations

Quantitation of a mitochondrial DNA deletion in Parkinson's disease

1992 • 87 citations

Reconstruction of the Nigrostriatal Pathway by Simultaneous Intrastriatal and Intranigral Dopaminergic Transplants

1996 • 87 citations

GDNF triggers fiber outgrowth of fetal ventral mesencephalic grafts from nigra to striatum in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats

1996 • 85 citations

A Mechanism for Hydroxylation by Tyrosine Hydroxylase Based on Partitioning of Substituted Phenylalanines

1996 • 84 citations

Dystonia with marked diurnal variation associated with biopterin deficiency

1988 • 83 citations

BDNF attenuates the effects of intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine

1995 • 82 citations

Peroxynitrite‐Mediated Inhibition of DOPA Synthesis in PC12 Cells

1995 • 79 citations

Biochemistry of Parkinson's disease with special reference to the dopaminergic systems

1994 • 78 citations

MELANIN FORMATION BY HUMAN BRAIN IN VITRO

1975 • 77 citations

Genetic linkage studies in autosomal dominant parkinsonism: Evaluation of seven candidate genes

1994 • 77 citations

Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Tyrosine Hydroxylase: A Possible Contribution to the Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons?

1997 • 76 citations

Viral vectors for modulating gene expression in neurons

1996 • 75 citations

A novel and major isoform of tyrosine hydroxylase in Drosophila is generated by alternative RNA processing

1994 • 71 citations

Oxidative inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase in substantia nigra of aged rat

1996 • 69 citations

Mutations in the GTP cyclohydrolase I and 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase genes

1997 • 69 citations

pH‐dependent release of catecholamines from tyrosine hydroxylase and the effect of phosphorylation of Ser‐40

1990 • 68 citations

Potential of neural "stem-like" cells for gene therapy and repair of the degenerating central nervous system.

1997 • 65 citations

Morphological Alterations in the Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems of Mice Lacking Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF): Immunohistochemical Studies

1997 • 65 citations

Expression and characterization of catalytic and regulatory domains of rat tyrosine hydroxylase

1993 • 64 citations

Increased iron in the substantia nigra of 6-OHDA induced parkinsonian rats: a nuclear microscopy study

1996 • 60 citations

Mitochondrial function in neurodegeneration and ageing

1992 • 59 citations

Participation of a Stress‐Activated Protein Kinase Cascade in the Activation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Chromaffin Cells

1997 • 59 citations

The metal requirement of rat tyrosine hydroxylase

1989 • 58 citations

Kinetics and mechanism of the autoxidation of the 2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridines

1974 • 58 citations

Reactive oxygen species: relation to aging and neurotoxic damage.

1992 • 58 citations

Cerebrospinal Fluid Homovanillic Acid in the DATATOP Study on Parkinson's Disease

1995 • 56 citations

Association of DNA polymorphism in the first intron of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene with disturbances of the catecholaminergic system in schizophrenia

1997 • 52 citations

α-synuclein—a link between Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases?

1997 • 52 citations

Isolation and characterization of tetrahydropterin oxidation products generated in the tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (tyrosine hydroxylase) reaction

1987 • 50 citations

Conversion of Tyrosine Hydroxylase to Stable and Inactive Form by the End Products

1991 • 46 citations

Monoamine oxidase, dopamine and Parkinson's disease

1991 • 45 citations

Suppression of Hydroxyl Radical Formation and Protection of Nigral Neurons by l‐Deprenyl (Selegiline)

1996 • 43 citations

Mössbauer, Electron‐Paramagnetic‐Resonance and X‐ray‐Absorption Fine‐Structure Studies of the Iron Environment in Recombinant Human Tyrosine Hydroxylase

1996 • 43 citations

Dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome (XDP) locus: flanking markers in Xq12-q21.1.

1992 • 42 citations

Genetic factors in the etiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease

1994 • 42 citations

The incorporation of divalent metal ions into recombinant human tyrosine hydroxylase apoenzymes studied by intrinsic fluorescence and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy

1992 • 42 citations

New Species of Human Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA Are Produced in Variable Amounts in Adrenal Medulla and Are Overexpressed in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

1996 • 41 citations

Regional heterogeneity of mtDNA heteroplasmy in parkinsonian brain.

1996 • 41 citations

<scp>l</scp>‐DOPA Is a Substrate for Tyrosine Hydroxylase

1997 • 41 citations

Post-transcriptional regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression by oxygen in PC12 Cells

1997 • 40 citations

Site-directed mutagenesis of tyrosine hydroxylase. Role of serine 40 in catalysis.

1992 • 38 citations

Tyrosine Hydroxylase

1995 • 38 citations

Recombinant human phenylalanine hydroxylase is a substrate for the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme system

1996 • 37 citations

Identification of iron ligands in tyrosine hydroxylase by mutagenesis of conserved histidinyl residues

1995 • 36 citations

Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in depolarized non-transformed bovine adrenal medullary cells: second messenger systems and promoter mechanisms

1994 • 35 citations

Thermal Stability and CD Analysis of Rat Tyrosine Hydroxylase

1995 • 34 citations

7‐Substituted pterins in humans with suspected pterin‐4a‐carbinolamine dehydratase deficiency

1992 • 34 citations

Tyrosine hydroxylase polymorphism in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease

1994 • 33 citations

Possible genotoxicity of melanin synthesis intermediates: Tyrosinase reaction products interact with DNA in vitro

1984 • 31 citations

Tetrahydrobiopterin administration in biopterin‐deflcient progressive dystonia with diurnal variation

1989 • 30 citations

Conformation and interaction of phenylalanine with the divalent cation at the active site of human recombinant tyrosine hydroxylase as determined by proton NMR

1993 • 30 citations

Bovine Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene‐Promoter Regions Involved in Basal and Angiotensin II‐Stimulated Expression in Nontransformed Adrenal Medullary Cells

1994 • 29 citations

The Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Locus: A Marker for the History of Phenylketonuria and Human Genetic Diversity

2007 • 28 citations

A parkinsonian kindred

1989 • 27 citations

Neural Stem Cells for CNS Transplantation

1993 • 26 citations

Catalytic core of rat tyrosine hydroxylase: terminal deletion analysis of bacterially expressed enzyme

1994 • 26 citations

Deprenyl induces the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme in the rat dopaminergic nigrostriatal system

1997 • 25 citations

The GTP-cyclohydrolase I gene in atypical Parkinsonian patients: a clinico-genetic study

1996 • 24 citations

The Stability of Endogenous Tyrosine Hydroxylase Protein in PC‐12 Cells Differs from That Expressed in Mouse Fibroblasts by Gene Transfer

1994 • 24 citations

Deletion mutagenesis of rat PC12 tyrosine hydroxylase regulatory and catalytic domains

1993 • 24 citations

The ‘common deletion’ is not increased in parkinsonian substantia nigra as shown by competitive polymerase chain reaction

1997 • 23 citations

The TiPS/TINS lecture. Catecholamines: from gene regulation to neuropsychiatric disorders

1996 • 23 citations

Environment, Genetics and Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

1991 • 23 citations

l-Dopa and Dopamine-Producing Gene Cassettes for Gene Therapy Approaches to Parkinson's Disease

1997 • 23 citations

Transfection of human lactotroph adenoma cells with an adenovirus vector expressing tyrosine hydroxylase decreases prolactin release.

1996 • 22 citations

A Novel Rat Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA Species Generated by Alternative Splicing

1996 • 22 citations

Crystallization and preliminary diffraction analysis of a truncated homodimer of human phenylalanine hydroxylase

1997 • 19 citations

Transplantation of cells genetically modified and direct intracerebral gene transfer with an adenoviral vector expressing tyrosine hydroxylase in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

1995 • 18 citations

Melanin formation in the inner ear is catalyzed by a new tyrosine hydroxylase kinetically and structurally different from tyrosinase

1997 • 16 citations

Tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in varying forms of human pheochromocytoma

1996 • 16 citations

Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression by the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in rat pheochromocytoma cells

1996 • 14 citations

DOPA compared with dihydroxyfumarate as co-factor in peroxidase-mediated oxidation of tyrosine to melanin

1971 • 14 citations

15 A stress-activated kinase cascade can mediate the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in chromaffin cells

1997 • 11 citations

Superoxide dismutase partially prevents sympathetic denervation by 6-hydroxydopamine

1991 • 10 citations

Brain biochemistry and brain disorders

1993 • 8 citations

Studies on the Possible Mechanism of Inactivation of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase by Destructive Oxygen Species

1984 • 7 citations

Regulation of N-terminus-deleted human tyrosine hydroxylase type 1 by end products of catecholamine biosynthetic pathway

1996 • 7 citations

DEFICIENCY OF TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE OR TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE: A POSSIBLE CAUSE OF TWO HYPOTHETICAL METABOLIC DISEASES

1983 • 5 citations

Regulation of L-DOPA production by genetically modified primary fibroblasts transfected with retrovirus vector system

1996 • 5 citations

Mutations in the Copper- and Zinc-Containing Superoxide Dismutase Gene are Associated with “Lou Gehrig's Disease”

2009 • 4 citations

[Segawa disease (hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation-HPD) and abnormalities in pteridin metabolism].

1996 • 4 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations