Anchoring, Activation, and the Construction of Values

Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases

1974 • 24,440 citations

Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases

1975 • 23,866 citations

Logic and Conversation

1975 • 19,834 citations

Features of similarity.

1977 • 7,149 citations

On the Failure to Eliminate Hypotheses in a Conceptual Task

1960 • 2,013 citations

Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing.

1987 • 2,003 citations

Social Judgment: Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Communication and Attitude Change

1981 • 1,852 citations

Hindsight is not equal to foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty.

1975 • 1,702 citations

Syntax and Semantics:" Vol. 3, "Speech Acts

1977 • 1,619 citations

Contingent weighting in judgment and choice.

1988 • 1,580 citations

Order effects in belief updating: The belief-adjustment model

1992 • 1,568 citations

Reversals of preference between bids and choices in gambling decisions.

1971 • 1,554 citations

Thinking About Answers: The Application of Cognitive Processes to Survey Methodology

1995 • 1,553 citations

Behavioral Decision Research: A Constructive Processing Perspective

1992 • 1,428 citations

Thinking and deciding

1988 • 1,419 citations

Reasons for confidence.

1980 • 1,378 citations

How mental systems believe.

1991 • 1,370 citations

Experts, amateurs, and real estate: An anchoring-and-adjustment perspective on property pricing decisions

1987 • 1,071 citations

Mental contamination and mental correction: Unwanted influences on judgments and evaluations.

1994 • 1,063 citations

The Construction of Social Judgments

2013 • 940 citations

Explaining the enigmatic anchoring effect: Mechanisms of selective accessibility.

1997 • 883 citations

Hindsight-foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty.

1974 • 836 citations

Thinking about Answers: The Application of Cognitive Process to Survey Methodology

1996 • 823 citations

Hindsight: Biased judgments of past events after the outcomes are known.

1990 • 814 citations

Ambiguity and uncertainty in probabilistic inference.

1985 • 775 citations

Measures of Anchoring in Estimation Tasks

1995 • 731 citations

Costs and benefits of judgment errors: Implications for debiasing.

1991 • 730 citations

Reference points, anchors, norms, and mixed feelings

1992 • 722 citations

Perseverance of social theories: The role of explanation in the persistence of discredited information.

1980 • 701 citations

Varieties of Confirmation Bias

1995 • 655 citations

Self-Generated Attitude Change

1978 • 653 citations

Behavioral confirmation in social interaction: From social perception to social reality

1978 • 611 citations

Attitude and Attitude Change: The Social Judgment-Involvement Approach

1982 • 605 citations

Unbelieving the unbelievable: Some problems in the rejection of false information.

1990 • 595 citations

Preference reversals: A broader perspective

1983 • 588 citations

A new look at anchoring effects: Basic anchoring and its antecedents.

1996 • 575 citations

Hypothesis-Consistent Testing and Semantic Priming in the Anchoring Paradigm: A Selective Accessibility Model

1999 • 574 citations

Relative importance of probabilities and payoffs in risk taking.

1968 • 566 citations

Choosing versus rejecting: Why some options are both better and worse than others

1993 • 560 citations

Considering the opposite: A corrective strategy for social judgment.

1984 • 552 citations

Expression theory and the preference reversal phenomena.

1987 • 551 citations

A new look at anchoring effects: Basic anchoring and its antecedents.

1996 • 504 citations

Referendum contingent valuation, anchoring, and willingness to pay for public goods

1998 • 485 citations

On the psychology of experimental surprises.

1977 • 480 citations

Anchoring, efficacy, and action: The influence of judgmental heuristics on self-efficacy judgments and behavior.

1986 • 477 citations

Constructing reality and its alternatives: an inclusion/ exclusion model of assimilation and contrast effects in social judgment

1992 • 448 citations

Considering the opposite: A corrective strategy for social judgment.

1984 • 446 citations

Probability Versus Certainty Equivalence Methods in Utility Measurement: Are they Equivalent?

1985 • 435 citations

You can't not believe everything you read.

1993 • 431 citations

You can't not believe everything you read.

1993 • 393 citations

The limits of anchoring

1994 • 385 citations

Attitude and Attitude Change: The Social Judgment-Involvement Approach.

1966 • 371 citations

Overattribution and unit formation: When behavior engulfs the person.

1982 • 370 citations

Judgment in a Social Context: Biases, Shortcomings, and the Logic of Conversation

1994 • 364 citations

Eliminating the hindsight bias.

1988 • 351 citations

Information-gathering processes: Diagnosticity, hypothesis-confirmatory strategies, and perceived hypothesis confirmation

1986 • 320 citations

An Anchoring and Adjustment Model of Spousal Predictions

1986 • 302 citations

Cognitive processes in preference reversals

1989 • 278 citations

The More You Ask For, the More You Get: Anchoring in Personal Injury Verdicts

1996 • 275 citations

Comparing Is Believing: A Selective Accessibility Model of Judgmental Anchoring

1999 • 260 citations

Bias in Utility Assessments: Further Evidence and Explanations

1989 • 254 citations

Thinking the Unthinkable: The Effects of Anchoring on Likelihood Estimates of Nuclear War¹

1989 • 244 citations

Effects of situation familiarity and financial incentives on use of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic for probability assessment

1989 • 244 citations

Information framing effects in social and personal decisions

1988 • 228 citations

Overconfidence in estimation: Testing the anchoring-and-adjustment hypothesis

1991 • 203 citations

The generality of the relation between familiarity and judged validity

1989 • 197 citations

The relative influence of probabilities and payoffs upon perceived risk of a gamble

1967 • 196 citations

Inoculation and Counterexplanation: Debiasing Techniques in the Perseverance of Social Theories

1982 • 182 citations

Pseudodiagnosticity

1979 • 179 citations

Decision making from a cognitive perspective

1995 • 178 citations

Judgment processes in motivation: Anchoring and adjustment effects on judgment and behavior

1991 • 175 citations

Availability and interference in predictive judgment.

1984 • 168 citations

Stimulus-Similarity and the Anchoring of Subjective Scales

1953 • 158 citations

Confirmation and Matching Biases in Hypothesis Testing

1988 • 153 citations

Hypothesis generation and confidence in judgment.

1994 • 149 citations

Decisions and memory: Differential retrievability of consistent and contradictory evidence

1984 • 133 citations

Linking together different measures of preference: A dynamic model of matching derived from decision field theory

1992 • 85 citations

Anchoring in the detection of deception and leakage.

1984 • 50 citations

Anchoring and adjustment in judgments under risk.

1990 • 36 citations

Availability and interference in predictive judgment.

1984 • 28 citations