Locus control regions: coming of age at a decade plus

Position-independent, high-level expression of the human β-globin gene in transgenic mice

1987 • 1,955 citations

Going the Distance: A Current View of Enhancer Action

1998 • 820 citations

The "beta-like-globin" gene domain in human erythroid cells.

1985 • 634 citations

Transcription complex stability and chromatin dynamics in vivo

1995 • 488 citations

A deletion of the human beta-globin locus activation region causes a major alteration in chromatin structure and replication across the entire beta-globin locus.

1990 • 477 citations

Evidence for a locus activation region: the formation of developmentally stable hypersensitive sites in globin-expressing hybrids

1987 • 440 citations

Erythroid-specific expression of human beta-globin genes in transgenic mice.

1985 • 436 citations

A locus control region adjacent to the human red and green visual pigment genes

1992 • 410 citations

Human CD2 3′-flanking sequences confer high-level, T cell-specific, position-independent gene expression in transgenic mice

1989 • 385 citations

Locus Control Region Function and Heterochromatin-Induced Position Effect Variegation

1996 • 373 citations

Targeted deletion of 5'HS2 of the murine beta-globin LCR reveals that it is not essential for proper regulation of the beta-globin locus.

1995 • 351 citations

Intergenic transcription and transinduction of the human β-globin locus

1997 • 334 citations

Heterochromatin Effects on the Frequency and Duration of LCR-Mediated Gene Transcription

1996 • 328 citations

Diversity of Alpha-Fetoprotein Gene Expression in Mice Is Generated by a Combination of Separate Enhancer Elements

1987 • 315 citations

The β-globin dominant control region activates homologous and heterologous promoters in a tissue-specific manner

1989 • 302 citations

Importance of globin gene order for correct developmental expression.

1991 • 294 citations

Tissue specific and position independent expression of the complete gene domain for chicken lysozyme in transgenic mice.

1990 • 289 citations

Regulated expression of human Aγ-, β-, and hybrid γβ-globin genes in transgenic mice: Manipulation of the developmental expression patterns

1986 • 275 citations

β-Globin gene inactivation by DNA translocation in γβ-thalassaemi

1983 • 266 citations

Identification of a locus control region in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus that deregulates c-myc expression in plasmacytoma and Burkitt's lymphoma cells.

1994 • 258 citations

Locus control regions of mammalian β-globin gene clusters: combining phylogenetic analyses and experimental results to gain functional insights

1997 • 240 citations

Gamma delta beta-thalassemia due to a de novo mutation deleting the 5' beta-globin gene activation-region hypersensitive sites.

1989 • 240 citations

A dominant chromatin-opening activity in 5′ hypersensitive site 3 of the human beta-globin locus control region.

1996 • 220 citations

Participation of the Human β-Globin Locus Control Region in Initiation of DNA Replication

1995 • 217 citations

Developmental regulation of a cloned adult β-globin gene in transgenic mice

1985 • 215 citations

Distal regulatory elements from the mouse metallothionein locus stimulate gene expression in transgenic mice.

1993 • 214 citations

The Effect of Distance on Long-Range Chromatin Interactions

1997 • 196 citations

Position independence and proper developmental control of gamma-globin gene expression require both a 5' locus control region and a downstream sequence element.

1994 • 194 citations

Transcription of the hypersensitive site HS2 enhancer in erythroid cells.

1992 • 191 citations

Synergistic regulation of human beta-globin gene switching by locus control region elements HS3 and HS4.

1995 • 190 citations

The β-Globin LCR Is Not Necessary for an Open Chromatin Structure or Developmentally Regulated Transcription of the Native Mouse β-Globin Locus

1998 • 185 citations

Analysis of Mice Containing a Targeted Deletion of β-Globin Locus Control Region 5′ Hypersensitive Site 3

1996 • 179 citations

Effects of altered gene order or orientation of the locus control region on human β-globin gene expression in mice

1999 • 178 citations

The Human Growth Hormone Gene Is Regulated by a Multicomponent Locus Control Region

1995 • 178 citations

The Locus Control Region Is Necessary for Gene Expression in the Human β-Globin Locus but Not the Maintenance of an Open Chromatin Structure in Erythroid Cells

1998 • 166 citations

Position-Independent Transgene Expression Mediated by Boundary Elements from the Apolipoprotein B Chromatin Domain

1995 • 128 citations

Position-independent expression of the ovine β-lactoglobulin gene in transgenic mice

1992 • 120 citations

Inactivation of the human beta-globin gene by targeted insertion into the beta-globin locus control region.

1992 • 117 citations

A cell-specific enhancer far upstream of the mouse tyrosinase gene confers high level and copy number-related expression in transgenic mice.

1994 • 116 citations

Enhancer Complexes Located Downstream of Both Human Immunoglobulin Cα Genes

1997 • 113 citations

The immunoglobulin mu enhancer core establishes local factor access in nuclear chromatin independent of transcriptional stimulation.

1993 • 112 citations

A locus control region in the T cell receptor α/δ locus

1994 • 109 citations

Effect of deletion of 5'HS3 or 5'HS2 of the human beta-globin locus control region on the developmental regulation of globin gene expression in beta-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome transgenic mice.

1996 • 109 citations

Functional analysis of the human adenosine deaminase gene thymic regulatory region and its ability to generate position-independent transgene expression.

1992 • 108 citations

Role of Gene Order in Developmental Control of Human γ- and β-Globin Gene Expression

1993 • 107 citations

Elf-1 binds to a critical element in a second CD4 enhancer.

1994 • 92 citations

Developmental Specificity of the Interaction between the Locus Control Region and Embryonic or Fetal Globin Genes in Transgenic Mice with an HS3 Core Deletion

1998 • 91 citations

The Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus Control Region Increases Histone Acetylation along Linked c-myc Genes

1998 • 89 citations

Cell-specific expression of high levels of human S100 beta in transgenic mouse brain is dependent on gene dosage

1992 • 88 citations

Asynchronous DNA replication within the human beta-globin gene locus.

1988 • 87 citations

High-level expression of the rat whey acidic protein gene is mediated by elements in the promoter and 3' untranslated region.

1992 • 78 citations

Role of gene order in developmental control of human gamma- and beta-globin gene expression.

1993 • 71 citations

Description and Targeted Deletion of 5′ Hypersensitive Site 5 and 6 of the Mouse β-Globin Locus Control Region

1998 • 69 citations

Structure of the Hepatic Control Region of the Human Apolipoprotein E/C-I Gene Locus

1995 • 65 citations

Extraembryonic expression of the human MHC class I gene HLA-G in transgenic mice. Evidence for a positive regulatory region located 1 kilobase 5' to the start site of transcription.

1993 • 61 citations

Adjacent DNA elements dominantly restrict the ubiquitous activity of a novel chromatin-opening region to specific tissues

1997 • 59 citations

Far upstream regions of class II MHC Ea are necessary for position-independent, copy-dependent expression of Ea transgene

1993 • 56 citations

The 5′ flanking region of the rat LAP (C/EBPβ) gene can direct high-level, position-independent, copy number dependent expression in multiple tissues in transgenic mice

1994 • 56 citations

Transcriptional Insulation of the Human Keratin 18 Gene in Transgenic Mice

1993 • 52 citations

Analysis of Mice with Single and Multiple Copies of Transgenes Reveals a Novel Arrangement for the λ5-V_preB1Locus Control Region

1999 • 51 citations

Targeting gene expression to haemopoietic stem cells: a chromatin-dependent upstream element mediates cell type-specific expression of the stem cell antigen CD34.

1995 • 50 citations

Description and Targeted Deletion of 5′ Hypersensitive Site 5 and 6 of the Mouse β-Globin Locus Control Region

1998 • 49 citations

A promoter within intron 35 of the human C4A gene initiates abundant adrenal-specific transcription of a 1 kb RNA: location of a cryptic CYP21 promoter element?

1995 • 47 citations

Synergism between hypersensitive sites confers long-range gene activation by the β-globin locus control region

1997 • 42 citations

Position independent expression and developmental regulation is directed by the β myosin heavy chain gene's 5′ upstream region in transgenic mice

1995 • 38 citations

Muscle-Specific Locus Control Region Activity Associated with the Human Desmin Gene

1998 • 36 citations

The human β-globin locus control region confers an early embryonic erythroid-specific expression pattern to a basic promoter driving the bacterial lacZ gene

1996 • 34 citations

A New Element within the T-Cell Receptor α Locus Required for Tissue-Specific Locus Control Region Activity

1999 • 33 citations

A 150-base pair 5' region of the MHC class I HLA-B7 gene is sufficient to direct tissue-specific expression and locus control region activity: the alpha site determines efficient expression and in vivo occupancy at multiple cis-active sites throughout this region.

1997 • 32 citations

Transcriptional insulation of the human keratin 18 gene in transgenic mice.

1993 • 27 citations

Extraembryonic expression of the human MHC class I gene HLA-G in transgenic mice

1993 • 24 citations

Tissue-Specific Expression of Kallikrein Family Transgenes in Mice and Rats

1992 • 23 citations

Position‐independent, high‐level, and correct regional expression of the rat aldolase C gene in the central nervous system of transgenic mice

1994 • 23 citations

Inducible Expression of Erythroid-Specific Mouse Glycophorin Gene Is Regulated by Proximal Elements and Locus Control Region-Like Sequence1

1995 • 12 citations