Cytokine gene-modified vaccines in the therapy of cancer

Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins.

1986 • 7,504 citations

An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors.

1975 • 4,522 citations

Virus interference. I. The interferon

1957 • 3,331 citations

Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity.

1993 • 2,828 citations

A Progress Report on the Treatment of 157 Patients with Advanced Cancer Using Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells and Interleukin-2 or High-Dose Interleukin-2 Alone

1987 • 2,769 citations

Lymphokine-activated killer cell phenomenon. Lysis of natural killer-resistant fresh solid tumor cells by interleukin 2-activated autologous human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

1982 • 2,228 citations

Interleukin-2: Inception, Impact, and Implications

1988 • 2,166 citations

The Basic Science of Gene Therapy

1993 • 1,767 citations

Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1: cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities.

1987 • 1,345 citations

Tumor Antigens Recognized by T Lymphocytes

1994 • 1,238 citations

There is more than one interleukin 1

1986 • 1,226 citations

Antitumor and antimetastatic activity of interleukin 12 against murine tumors.

1993 • 1,206 citations

Biological and clinical aspects of interleukin 6

1990 • 1,091 citations

Experience with the Use of High-Dose Interleukin-2 in the Treatment of 652 Cancer Patients

1989 • 1,003 citations

Interleukin-2 production by tumor cells bypasses T helper function in the generation of an antitumor response

1990 • 926 citations

Human tumor necrosis factor. Production, purification, and characterization.

1985 • 922 citations

TUMOR NECROSIS, CACHEXIA, SHOCK, AND INFLAMMATION: A COMMON MEDIATOR

1988 • 814 citations

Recombinant IL-12 administration induces tumor regression in association with IFN-gamma production.

1994 • 796 citations

Induction of TH1 and TH2 responses: a key role for the ‘natural’ immune response?

1992 • 794 citations

Murine interleukin-4 displays potent anti-tumor activity in vivo

1989 • 790 citations

The IL-2/IL-2 receptor system: A current overview

1993 • 778 citations

Regression of established pulmonary metastases and subcutaneous tumor mediated by the systemic administration of high-dose recombinant interleukin 2.

1985 • 737 citations

Treatment of Established Renal Cancer by Tumor Cells Engineered to Secrete Interleukin-4

1991 • 733 citations

High-dose recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha in combination with interferon gamma and melphalan in isolation perfusion of the limbs for melanoma and sarcoma.

1992 • 730 citations

Cytokine therapeutics: lessons from interferonalpha.

1994 • 703 citations

Prospective Randomized Trial of High-Dose Interleukin-2 Alone or in Conjunction With Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells for the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Cancer

1993 • 639 citations

Interleukin 2 gene transfer into tumor cells abrogates tumorigenicity and induces protective immunity.

1990 • 628 citations

B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1/Interleukin 4

1987 • 602 citations

Clinical toxicity of interferons in cancer patients: a review.

1986 • 601 citations

Interferon Alfa-2a as Compared with Conventional Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

1994 • 592 citations

An Eosinophil-Dependent Mechanism for the Antitumor Effect of Interleukin-4

1992 • 540 citations

Structure of tumour necrosis factor

1989 • 512 citations

Leukocyte Interferon-Induced Tumor Regression in Human Metastatic Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Malignant Lymphoma

1980 • 503 citations

Biologic Therapy of Cancer

1992 • 476 citations

Hematopoietic Growth Factors

1989 • 465 citations

High-Dose Recombinant Interleukin 2 in the Treatment of Patients With Disseminated Cancer

1986 • 459 citations

Retroviral vector-mediated gamma-interferon gene transfer into tumor cells generates potent and long lasting antitumor immunity.

1990 • 414 citations

Antitumor effects of interferon

1978 • 346 citations

[Tumor necrosis factor].

1990 • 340 citations

Fibroblasts genetically engineered to secrete interleukin 12 can suppress tumor growth and induce antitumor immunity to a murine melanoma in vivo.

1994 • 335 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor: The molecules and Their Emerging Role in Medicine

1992 • 330 citations

The biological properties of interleukin-1.

1994 • 320 citations

Modulation of phenotypic and functional properties of human peripheral blood monocytes by IL-4.

1988 • 303 citations

B cell stimulatory factor-1 (interleukin 4) activates macrophages for increased tumoricidal activity and expression of Ia antigens.

1987 • 299 citations

Exogenous expression of mouse interferon gamma cDNA in mouse neuroblastoma C1300 cells results in reduced tumorigenicity by augmented anti-tumor immunity.

1989 • 284 citations

Murine tumor cells transduced with the gene for tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Evidence for paracrine immune effects of tumor necrosis factor against tumors.

1991 • 283 citations

Tumor suppression after tumor cell-targeted tumor necrosis factor alpha gene transfer.

1991 • 279 citations

Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with recombinant alpha-interferon

1986 • 267 citations

Recombinant interleukin 4 promotes the growth of human T cells.

1987 • 252 citations

The ups and downs of T cell costimulation

1994 • 240 citations

Hemopoietic Growth Factors: A Review

1992 • 239 citations

Lymphokine-activated killer cell activity

1987 • 235 citations

Interleukin 6 gene transfection into Lewis lung carcinoma tumor cells suppresses the malignant phenotype and confers immunotherapeutic competence against parental metastatic cells.

1992 • 232 citations

Mechanisms of rejection induced by tumor cell-targeted gene transfer of interleukin 2, interleukin 4, interleukin 7, tumor necrosis factor, or interferon gamma.

1993 • 221 citations

Effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 in cancer patients: a phase I-II study

1994 • 216 citations

B cell growth-promoting activity of recombinant human interleukin 4.

1987 • 211 citations

Regression of bladder tumors in mice treated with interleukin 2 gene-modified tumor cells.

1993 • 210 citations

Kaposi's sarcoma and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: treatment with high and low doses of recombinant leukocyte A interferon.

1986 • 209 citations

Interleukin-2 therapy in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma: a phase II study.

1990 • 206 citations

Interleukin 7 is a T-cell growth factor.

1989 • 206 citations

Characterization of the antitumor activities of human tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the comparison with other cytokines: induction of tumor-specific immunity.

1987 • 200 citations

Regulation of cytolytic T-lymphocyte generation by B-cell stimulatory factor

1987 • 193 citations

Immunotherapy of prostate cancer in the Dunning rat model: use of cytokine gene modified tumor vaccines.

1994 • 181 citations

Phase II study of subcutaneous interleukin-2 in unselected patients with advanced renal cell cancer on an outpatient basis.

1992 • 175 citations

Systemic immunological effects of cytokine genes injected into skeletal muscle.

1993 • 174 citations

Tumour regression after intralesional injection of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) in bladder cancer. Preliminary report

1984 • 170 citations

Inhibition of colon and breast carcinoma cell growth by interleukin-4.

1992 • 169 citations

Recombinant alfa interferon in renal cell carcinoma: a randomized trial of two routes of administration.

1987 • 165 citations

A nonimmunogenic sarcoma transduced with the cDNA for interferon gamma elicits CD8+ T cells against the wild-type tumor: correlation with antigen presentation capability.

1992 • 159 citations

Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with recombinant alpha 2 interferon

1985 • 157 citations

Treatment of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with low doses of lnterleukin-2 injected periiymphatically

1988 • 151 citations

Toward a Genetic Analysis of Tumor Rejection Antigens

1992 • 151 citations

Treatment of glioma by engineered interleukin 4-secreting cells.

1993 • 149 citations

Antitumor effects of interleukin-12 (IL-12): applications for the immunotherapy and gene therapy of cancer.

1995 • 146 citations

Antimetastatic vaccination of tumor-bearing mice with two types of IFN-gamma gene-inserted tumor cells.

1993 • 142 citations

Autocrine growth and tumorigenicity of interleukin 2-dependent helper T cells transfected with IL-2 gene.

1989 • 141 citations

Expression of murine interleukin 7 in a murine glioma cell line results in reduced tumorigenicity in vivo.

1992 • 140 citations

Regulation of Fc receptor for IgE (CD23) and class II MHC antigen expression on Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines by human IL-4 and IFN-gamma.

1988 • 139 citations

Blockade of the CD28 co-stimulatory pathway: a means to induce tolerance

1994 • 139 citations

Regulation of cytolytic cell populations from human peripheral blood by B cell stimulatory factor 1 (interleukin 4).

1987 • 137 citations

Inpatient continuous-infusion interleukin-2 in 788 patients with cancer the national biotherapy study group experience

1993 • 134 citations

Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with recombinant alpha 2 interferon

1985 • 134 citations

Cationic Liposomes for Direct Gene Transfer in Therapy of Cancer and Other Diseasesa

1994 • 119 citations

Interleukin-2 in cancer therapy.

1988 • 115 citations

Human lymphoblastoid interferon treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Clinical response and prognostic parameters

1985 • 111 citations

Repetitive Weekly Cycles of Interleukin-2. II. Clinical and Immunologic Effects of Dose, Schedule, and Addition of Indomethacin

1988 • 110 citations

Interleukin-2 gene therapy in a patient with glioblastoma.

1995 • 107 citations

Lymphokines and cytokines as cancer treatment.Immunotherapy realized

1990 • 106 citations

Genetic modification of a murine fibrosarcoma to produce interleukin 7 stimulates host cell infiltration and tumor immunity.

1992 • 105 citations

Recombinant alpha-2-interferon for hairy cell leukemia

1985 • 104 citations

The Role of Interferon in Cancer Therapy: A Current Perspective

1988 • 104 citations

Interferons, a group of multiple lymphokines

1984 • 103 citations

Interleukin 7 generates antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes against murine sarcomas with efficacy in cellular adoptive immunotherapy.

1991 • 103 citations

Phase II Trial of High-Dose Intermittent Interleukin-2 in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Southwest Oncology Group Study

1990 • 99 citations

Anti‐metastatic vaccination of tumor‐bearing mice with il‐2‐gene‐inserted tumor cells

1993 • 99 citations

Interleukin 4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) can mediate the induction of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity directed against fresh tumor cells.

1987 • 99 citations

Low doses of IL-4 injected perilymphatically in tumor-bearing mice inhibit the growth of poorly and apparently nonimmunogenic tumors and induce a tumor-specific immune memory.

1990 • 99 citations

Growth inhibition of human lung cancer cell lines by interleukin 6 in vitro: a possible role in tumor growth via an autocrine mechanism.

1993 • 98 citations

Immunotherapy of bladder cancer with cytokine gene-modified tumor vaccines.

1994 • 95 citations

Fibrosarcoma cells transduced with the IL-6 gene exhibited reduced tumorigenicity, increased immunogenicity, and decreased metastatic potential.

1992 • 90 citations

Administration of recombinant human IL-7 to mice alters the composition of B-lineage cells and T cell subsets, enhances T cell function, and induces regression of established metastases.

1994 • 88 citations

Gene transfer technologies for the gene therapy of cancer.

1994 • 85 citations

Retroviral vector-mediated lymphokine gene transfer into human renal cancer cells.

1992 • 83 citations

Interferon-alpha therapy of renal cancer.

1984 • 83 citations

Immunotheraphy of cancer using local administration of lymphoid cells transformed by IL-2 cDNA and constitutively producing IL-2

1990 • 83 citations

IL-7 induces human lymphokine-activated killer cell activity and is regulated by IL-4.

1991 • 82 citations

Interleukin 2‐dependent activation of tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo

1991 • 81 citations

Retroviral gene transfer induced constitutive expression of interleukin- 2 or interferon-gamma in irradiated human melanoma cells

1992 • 81 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor for the Treatment of Malignancies

1994 • 81 citations

Human Renal Carcinoma Line Transfected With Interleukin-2 and/or Interferon Gene(s): Implications for Live Cancer Vaccines

1993 • 80 citations

Local administration of cells containing an inserted IL-2 gene and producing IL-2 inhibits growth of human tumours in nu/nu mice

1988 • 79 citations

Local continuous high dose interleukin 2: a new therapeutic model for the treatment of advanced bladder carcinoma.

1989 • 79 citations

Lysis of neuroblastoma cell lines by human natural killer cells activated by interleukin-2 and interleukin-12

1994 • 79 citations

Phase II trial of outpatient interleukin-2 in malignant lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and selected solid tumors.

1989 • 78 citations

Interleukin-12 augments cytolytic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with hematologic and solid malignancies

1993 • 77 citations

Complete recovery of mice from a pre-established tumor by direct intratumoral delivery of an adenovirus vector harboring the murine IL-2 gene.

1995 • 77 citations

Cancer Immunotherapy: are the Results Discouraging? Can They be Improved?

1992 • 75 citations

Adoptive immunotherapy with murine tumor-specific T lymphocytes engineered to secrete interleukin 2.

1994 • 72 citations

High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 in the treatment of patients with disseminated cancer. Responses, treatment-related morbidity, and histologic findings

1986 • 70 citations

IL2 treatment for cancer: from biology to gene therapy

1992 • 68 citations

Recombinant human interleukin 4 (IL-4) given as daily subcutaneous injections – a phase I dose toxicity trial

1992 • 68 citations

Induction of Antitumor Immunity by Interleukin-2 Gene-Transduced Mouse Mammary Tumor Cells Versus Transduced Mammary Stromal Fibroblasts

1993 • 66 citations

In vivo evaluation of the effects of interleukins 2, 4 and 7 on enhancing the immunotherapeutic efficacy of anti‐tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes

1991 • 65 citations

Clinical evaluation of recombinant interferon alfa-2a (Roferon-A) in metastatic melanoma using two different schedules .

1987 • 65 citations

Alpha 1-interferon gene transfer into metastatic Friend leukemia cells abrogated tumorigenicity in immunocompetent mice: antitumor therapy by means of interferon-producing cells.

1993 • 65 citations

Interleukin-2 treatment in lymphoma: a phase II multicenter study [see comments]

1994 • 64 citations

Continuous infusion of recombinant interleukin-2 with or without autologous lymphokine activated killer cells for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma

1992 • 64 citations

Towards tumor therapy with interferons, part II. Interferons: in vivo effects

1980 • 63 citations

Human leukocyte (alpha) interferon in metastatic malignant melanoma: the American Cancer Society phase II trial.

1984 • 62 citations

Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor — II. Antitumor effect on murine and human tumors transplanted in mice

1986 • 60 citations

Local and systemic effects during interleukin-2 therapy of mouse mammary tumors.

1987 • 60 citations

Recombinant human interleukin-4 inhibits growth of some human lung tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo

1993 • 59 citations

Tumor necrosis factor: molecular and cellular biology and clinical relevance

1994 • 59 citations

Growth inhibition of a MC-induced mouse sarcoma by TCGF (IL 2)-containing preparations

1983 • 59 citations

Induction of murine lymphokine-activated killer cells by recombinant IL-7.

1990 • 58 citations

Intratumoral low-dose interleukin-2 induces rejection of distant solid tumour

1991 • 57 citations

Effects of recombinant leukocyte interferon (rIFN-α A) on tumour growth and immune responses in patients with metastatic melanoma

1985 • 57 citations

A phase I clinical trial of recombinant interleukin-2 by periodic 24-hour intravenous infusions.

1989 • 56 citations

Melanoma: therapeutic options with recombinant interferons.

1985 • 52 citations

A prospective randomized trial of alpha 2B-interferon/gamma-interferon or the combination in advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

1988 • 49 citations

HLA association with response and toxicity in melanoma patients treated with interleukin 2-based immunotherapy.

1992 • 48 citations

MHC expression on human tumors--its relevance for local tumor growth and metastasis.

1991 • 47 citations

Tumor necrosis factor: Molecular and cellular biology and clinical relevance

1995 • 45 citations

Local interleukin-2 therapy in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma

1989 • 42 citations

Enhancement of experimental metastatic ability by tumor necrosis factor-alpha alone or in combination with interferon-gamma

1990 • 41 citations

Towards tumor therapy with interferons, Part I. Interferons: production and properties

1980 • 41 citations

The immunobiological effects of interleukin-2 in vivo

1994 • 41 citations

Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients With Advanced Malignancy: A Phase Ib Trial

1990 • 41 citations

Immunomodulatory Effects of Interleukin-12 on Human Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes

1993 • 40 citations

Antitumor Effects of Interferon

1977 • 40 citations

Antitumor Activity of Interleukin-12

1994 • 39 citations

Interferons in the Therapy of Solid Tumors

1994 • 39 citations

Functions of the Natural Immune System

1989 • 38 citations

Recombinant alpha-2 interferon in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia.

1985 • 38 citations

Immunotherapy Via Gene Therapy

1993 • 35 citations

Biological and antitumor effects of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor in mice.

1991 • 35 citations

The Year in immunology

1982 • 34 citations

Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with recombinant alpha-interferon

1986 • 34 citations

ALPHA INTERFERON THERAPY OF KAPOSRS SARCOMA IN AIDS

1984 • 33 citations

Anti-tumor activity of recombinant tumor necrosis factor on mouse fibrosarcoma in vivo and in vitro.

1988 • 32 citations

Interleukin 6 induces myeloid differentiation of a human biphenotypic leukemic cell line

1992 • 32 citations

Inhibition of growth of rat hepatoma by local injection of liposomes containing recombinant interleukin-2

1991 • 31 citations

Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in cancer therapy

1994 • 30 citations

Dual effects of cytokines in regulation of MHC-unrestricted cell mediated cytotoxicity.

1993 • 28 citations

Cytokine gene therapy: a new strategy for the management of cancer patients.

1994 • 28 citations

Treatment of plasma cell neoplasm with recombinant leukocyte A interferon and human lymphoblastoid interferon

1985 • 26 citations

Influence of CD28 co-stimulation on cytokine production is mainly regulated via interleukin-2.

1994 • 25 citations

Nk Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity: Receptors, Signaling, and Mechanisms

1992 • 25 citations

Effect of recombinant interleukin 2 (R-IL2) on in vivo growth of murine myeloma X5563

1986 • 24 citations

In vitro and in vivo growth of B16F10 melanoma cells transfected with interleukin-4 cDNA and gene therapy with the transfectant

1994 • 23 citations

Suppression of pulmonary tumour metastasis in mice by recombinant human interleukin-2: role of asialo GM1-positive cells.

1987 • 23 citations

Transduction of human melanoma cells with the gamma interferon gene enhances cellular immunity.

1994 • 22 citations

Characteristics of interleukin-6-enhanced lymphokine-activated killer cell function

1991 • 22 citations

Interferons for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies

1994 • 22 citations

Abrogation of B16 Melanoma Metastases by Long-Term Low-Dose Interleukin-6 Therapy

1993 • 21 citations

Transduction of Human Melanoma Cells with Interleukin-2 Gene Reduces Tumorigenicity and Enhances Host Antitumor Immunity: A Nude Mouse Model1

1994 • 21 citations

Prolonged Survival of Tumor-bearing Rats with Repetitive Low-Dose Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor

1990 • 20 citations

Increasing tumour immunogenicity by genetic modification

1994 • 20 citations

Local and regional immunotherapy of cancer with interleukin 2

1990 • 19 citations

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor for Cancer Treatment

1994 • 19 citations

Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Management of Cancer Patients: Five Years On

1994 • 18 citations

TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR AND CELL-DEATH IN TUMORS (REVIEW)

1994 • 16 citations

Local immunotherapy of cancer with interleukin 2

1989 • 16 citations

PEG‐IL‐2 therapy of advanced cancer in the guinea pig. Impact of the primary tumor and beneficial effect of cyclopphosphamide

1994 • 16 citations

Disease Stabilization by Leukocyte Alpha Interferon and Survival of Patients with Metastatic Melanoma

1992 • 15 citations

Interleukin-2 therapy for refractory and relapsing lymphomas

1991 • 15 citations

Therapeutic Potential of Cytokines: A Comparison of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

2015 • 14 citations

Antitumor effects of recombinant interleukin-6 expressed in eukaryotic cells

1993 • 13 citations

Influence of recombinant human interleukin (IL)‐7 on disease progression in mice infected with friend virus complex

1992 • 13 citations

The cloning and characterization of interleukin-7.

1989 • 13 citations

Interferon in the treatment of malignant lymphoma.

1985 • 12 citations

Anti‐tumor effect of recombinant murine TNF‐alpha (rmutnfa) given by continuous I.V. infusion as compared to repeated I.V. injections in a rat liver metastasis model

1989 • 11 citations

Human interleukin 4.

1991 • 11 citations

Interferon‐γ‐producing Tumor Induces Host Tumor‐specific T Cell Responses

1993 • 11 citations

Interleukin-2 gene therapy of residual EL-4 leukaemia potentiates the effect of cyclophosphamide pretreatment

1995 • 10 citations

Role of the Natural Immune System in Control of Primary Tumors and Metastasis

1989 • 9 citations

Use of IL-2 gene transfer in local immunotherapy of cancer

1992 • 7 citations

Peritumoural IL-4 treatment induces systemic inhibition of tumour growth in experimental melanoma.

1992 • 7 citations

Antitumor Activity of Recombinant Human Interleukin‐1 against Heterotransplanted Human Non‐Hodgkin Lymphomas in Nude Mice

1990 • 5 citations

Induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells from nude mouse spleen cells by interleukin-4

1993 • 5 citations

IL-2 AND GENE-THERAPY OF CANCER

1993 • 5 citations

Tumor necrosis factors: The molecules and their emerging role in medicine

1992 • 4 citations

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the management of cancer.

1991 • 2 citations

High Dose of rTNFa, rIFN? and Melphalan in Isolation Perfusion Produce 90% Complete Response in Melanoma in Transit Metastases

2015 • 2 citations