Enkephalins and Endorphins

Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity

1975 • 3,780 citations

Endogenous opioid peptides: multiple agonists and receptors

1977 • 2,494 citations

Opiate Receptor: Demonstration in Nervous Tissue

1973 • 2,364 citations

Purification and properties

1975 • 1,733 citations

β-Endorphin and Adrenocorticotropin Are Selected Concomitantly by the Pituitary Gland

1977 • 1,426 citations

Surgery in the Rat during Electrical Analgesia Induced by Focal Brain Stimulation

1969 • 1,355 citations

Opiates and endogenous opioid peptides

1977 • 1,282 citations

Lesion of striatal neurons with kainic acid provides a model for Huntington's chorea

1976 • 1,247 citations

Common precursor to corticotropins and endorphins

1977 • 1,106 citations

Isolation of an endogenous compound from the brain with pharmacological properties similar to morphine

1975 • 981 citations

Opiate analgesics inhibit substance P release from rat trigeminal nucleus

1977 • 968 citations

Immunohistochemical analysis of peptide pathways possibly related to pain and analgesia: enkephalin and substance P.

1977 • 887 citations

Duplication of biochemical changes of Huntington's chorea by intrastriatal injections of glutamic and kainic acids

1976 • 832 citations

Regional Distribution of Opiate Receptor Binding in Monkey and Human Brain

1973 • 811 citations

Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to leucine-enkephalin: Initial observations on the nervous system of the rat

1976 • 767 citations

Antagonism of acupuncture analgesia in man by the narcotic antagonist naloxone

1977 • 742 citations

Stereochemical Criteria for Polypeptide and Protein Chain Conformations

1965 • 715 citations

Central nervous system mechanisms of analgesia

1976 • 710 citations

The distribution of enkephalin-immunoreactive cell bodies in the rat central nervous system

1977 • 690 citations

Antagonism of Stimulation-Produced Analgesia by Naloxone, a Narcotic Antagonist

1976 • 664 citations

Chain reversals in proteins

1973 • 652 citations

Opiate receptor binding in primate spinal cord: distribution and changes after dorsal root section

1976 • 642 citations

The neurosciences. Third study program

1975 • 623 citations

Opioid peptide enkephalin: immunohistochemical mapping in rat central nervous system.

1977 • 617 citations

Effects of naloxone, morphine and methionine enkephalin on serum prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone

1977 • 579 citations

Stress-induced parallel changes in central opioid levels and pain responsiveness in the rat

1977 • 560 citations

Opiate Receptor Binding of Agonists and Antagonists Affected Differentially by Sodium

1974 • 554 citations

Analgesia induced in vivo by central administration of enkephalin in rat

1976 • 524 citations

Mode of deactivation of the enkephalins by rat and human plasma and rat brain homogenates

1976 • 516 citations

C fragment of lipotropin has a high affinity for brain opiate receptors

1976 • 488 citations

ENKEPHALIN-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

1977 • 467 citations

[D-Ala ² ]-Met-Enkephalinamide: A Potent, Long-Lasting Synthetic Pentapeptide Analgesic

1976 • 466 citations

beta-endorphin is a potent analgesic agent.

1976 • 465 citations

Regional dissociation of beta-endorphin and enkephalin contents in rat brain and pituitary.

1977 • 451 citations

Enkephalin may mediate euphoria and drive-reduction reward

1977 • 450 citations

Insulin-Receptor Interactions in Adipose Tissue Cells: Direct Measurement and Properties

1971 • 443 citations

Properties of Opiate-Receptor Binding in Rat Brain

1973 • 437 citations

Characteristics of the “Receptor” for Narcotic Analgesics in Synaptic Plasma Membrane Fraction from Rat Brain

1973 • 426 citations

A synthetic enkephalin analogue with prolonged parenteral and oral analgesic activity

1977 • 395 citations

STIMULATION IN VIVO OF THE SECRETION OF PROLACTIN AND GROWTH HORMONE BY β-ENDORPHIN

1977 • 394 citations

An endogenous morphine-like factor in mammalian brain

1975 • 393 citations

KINETIC PARAMETERS OF NARCOTIC AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO N‐ALLYLNOROXYMORPHONE (NALOXONE)

1968 • 392 citations

Morphine and Enkephalin: Analgesic and Epileptic Properties

1977 • 358 citations

Characterization of a common precursor to corticotropin and beta-lipotropin: cell-free synthesis of the precursor and identification of corticotropin peptides in the molecule.

1977 • 337 citations

Regional distribution of leu and met enkephalin in rat brain

1977 • 307 citations

Evidence for a long Leu-enkephalin striopallidal pathway in rat brain

1978 • 300 citations

Neuronal actions of endorphins and enkephalins among brain regions: a comparative microiontophoretic study.

1977 • 299 citations

Facilitation de r�actions nociceptives par la naloxone chez la souris et chez le rat

1974 • 295 citations

In Vitro Models in the Study of Structure-Activity Relationships of Narcotic Analgesics

1975 • 289 citations

Isolation

1975 • 286 citations

Biosynthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone in mouse pituitary tumor cells.

1976 • 284 citations

Morphine-like ligand for opiate receptors in human CSF

1975 • 281 citations

Determination of methionine enkephalin in discrete regions of rat brain

1977 • 280 citations

β-Endorphin as a potent analgesic by intravenous injection

1976 • 279 citations

Endorphins are located in the intermediate and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland, not in the neurohypophysis

1977 • 273 citations

Isolation and Amino-acid Sequence of β-LPH from Sheep Pituitary Glands

1965 • 273 citations

The γ Turn, a Possible Folded Conformation of the Polypeptide Chain. Comparison with the β Turn

1972 • 271 citations

The regional distribution of a morphine-like factor enkephalin in monkey brain

1976 • 266 citations

Opioid activity of a peptide, beta-lipotropin-(61-91), derived from beta-lipotropin.

1976 • 264 citations

Naloxone-induced reversal of schizophrenic hallucinations

1977 • 262 citations

Evidence for analgesic activity of enkephalin in the mouse

1976 • 252 citations

β-Endorphin in vitro inhibition of striatal dopamine release

1976 • 252 citations

Enkephalin analogues and naloxone modulate the release of growth hormone and prolactin - evidence for regulation by an endogenous opioid peptide in brain

1977 • 251 citations

Purification and properties of enkephalin — The possible endogenous ligand for the morphine receptor

1975 • 240 citations

beta-Lipotropin: localization of cells and axons in rat brain by immunocytochemistry.

1977 • 236 citations

Radioimmunoassays for α-endorphin and β-endorphin

1977 • 231 citations

Immunocytochemical localization of methionine enkephalin: Preliminary observations

1977 • 230 citations

Morphine-like peptides in mammalian brain: isolation, structure elucidation, and interactions with the opiate receptor.

1976 • 226 citations

Physical Dependence of Opiate-Like Peptides

1976 • 219 citations

Peptides in brain and intestine

1976 • 215 citations

Opiate receptor affinities and behavioral effects of enkephalin: Structure-activity relationship of ten synthetic peptide analogues

1976 • 214 citations

Neuroanatomical focus for morphine and enkaphalin-induced hypermotility

1977 • 209 citations

beta-Lipotropin as a prohormone for the morphinomimetic peptides endorphins and enkephalins.

1976 • 206 citations

In vitro pharmacology of the opioid peptides, enkephalins and endorphins

1977 • 205 citations

Presence of corticotropin in brain of normal and hypophysectomized rats.

1977 • 203 citations

EFFECTS OF MORPHINE ON SERUM GROWTH HORMONE, CORTISOL, PROLACTIN AND THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE IN MAN

1975 • 202 citations

Substance P and analgesia

1976 • 202 citations

Lipotropin, a New Active Peptide from Pituitary Glands

1964 • 197 citations

Lack of effect of naloxone on pain perception in humans

1976 • 191 citations

Morphine, enkephalin and the substantia gelatinosa

1976 • 188 citations

Regulation of prolactin release by endogenous opiates

1977 • 186 citations

Size heterogeneity of immunoreactive human ACTH in plasma and in extracts of pituitary glands and ACTH-producing thymoma

1971 • 186 citations

Opiate receptor in normal and drug altered brain function*

1975 • 184 citations

Receptor binding and pharmacological activity of opiates in the guinea-pig intestine.

1975 • 182 citations

ASSESSMENT IN THE GUINEA‐PIG ILEUM AND MOUSE VAS DEFERENS OF BENZOMORPHANS WHICH HAVE STRONG ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY BUT DO NOT SUBSTITUTE FOR MORPHINE IN THE DEPENDENT MONKEY

1975 • 177 citations

Effects of methionine-enkephalin on prolactin release and catecholamine levels and turnover in the median eminence

1977 • 177 citations

Conformation of Met5-enkephalin determined by high field PMR spectroscopy

1976 • 171 citations

Adrenocorticotrophic and melanocyte-stimulating peptides in the human pituitary

1974 • 171 citations

Intravenous Naloxone Administration in Schizophrenia and Affective Illness

1977 • 170 citations

Enkephalin catabolism in vitro and in vivo

1977 • 168 citations

An Analog of Enkephalin Having Prolonged Opiate-Like Effects in Vivo

1977 • 159 citations

A superactive antinociceptive pentapeptide, (D‐Met²,Pro⁵)‐enkephalinamide

1977 • 157 citations

High molecular weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone are glycoproteins.

1976 • 154 citations

Proton magnetic resonance studies of conformation and flexibility of enkephalin peptides

1976 • 151 citations

Isolation and characterization of the opioid peptides from rat pituitary: beta-endorphin.

1977 • 151 citations

Enkephalin-Induced Depression of Single Neurons in Brain Areas with Opiate Receptors—Antagonism by Naloxone

1976 • 150 citations

Radioimmunoassay of brain peptides: Evaluation of a methodology for the assay of β-endorphin and enkephalin

1977 • 140 citations

Enkephalin: conformational analysis by means of empirical energy calculations.

1977 • 140 citations

The γ Turn. Evidence for a New Folded Conformation in Proteins

1972 • 139 citations

β-ENDORPHIN STIMULATES SECRETION OF ARGININE VASOPRESSIN IN VIVO

1977 • 139 citations

Stability of Met-enkephalin content in brain structures of morphine-dependent or foot shock-stressed rats

1977 • 139 citations

Stimulation of prolactin release in the rat by intraventricular injection of β-end orphin and methionine-enkephalin

1977 • 138 citations

On the role of endogenous opioid peptides: Failure of naloxone to influence shock escape threshold in the rat

1976 • 137 citations

Enkephalin: A potential modulator of noradrenaline release in rat brain

1976 • 135 citations

Effects of microiontophoretically applied methionine-enkephalin on single neurones in rat brainstem

1976 • 135 citations

Amine mechanisms in enterochromaffin and enterochromaffin-like cells of gastric mucosa in various mammals

1970 • 134 citations

REVIEW THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF HORMONES BY NON-ENDOCRINE TUMOURS-A REVIEW

1975 • 133 citations

The opiate receptor: a model explaining structure-activity relationships of opiate agonists and antagonists.

1976 • 133 citations

Enkephalin-stimulated prolactin release

1976 • 133 citations

Enkephalin and opiate narcotics increase cyclic GMP accumulation in slices of rat neostriatum

1976 • 132 citations

Characteristics of “Big ACTH” in Human Plasma and Pituitary Extracts

1973 • 132 citations

A morphine-like factor ‘enkephalin’ in rat brain: subcellular localization

1976 • 129 citations

Synthesis and opioid activities of stereoisomers and other D-amino acid analogs of methionine-enkephalin

1976 • 128 citations

Centrally acting peptides

1979 • 127 citations

Naloxone in Chronic Schizophrenia

1977 • 126 citations

Cross tolerance between morphine and methionine-enkephalin

1976 • 125 citations

Human β-endorphin: Development of tolerance and behavioral activity in rats

1977 • 120 citations

Beta-endorphin: stimulation of growth hormone release in vivo.

1977 • 118 citations

Inhibitors of glucagon inactivationEffect on glucagon-receptor interactions and glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in liver cell membranes

1974 • 118 citations

Extremely rapid degradation of [3H] methionine-enkephalin by various rat tissues and

1977 • 115 citations

Mode of action of endogenous opiate peptides

1976 • 114 citations

Presence of immunoassayable β-lipotropin in bovine brain and spinal cord: Lack of concordance with ACTH concentrations

1977 • 113 citations

Antibodies as a means of isolating and characterizing biologically active substances: presence of a non-peptide, morphine-like compound in the central nervous system.

1976 • 112 citations

C‐FRAGMENT OF LIPOTROPIN—AN ENDOGENOUS POTENT ANALGESIC PEPTIDE

1977 • 111 citations

Structural requirements for opioid activity of analogues of the enkephalins

1977 • 108 citations

Endogenous Opiate Receptor Ligand: Electrically Induced Release in the Guinea Pig Ileum

1977 • 108 citations

Naloxone (Narcan�) treatment in depression: Clinical observations and effects on CSF endorphins and monoamine metabolites

1977 • 98 citations

Phylogenetic distribution of a morphine-like peptide ‘enkephalin’

1976 • 98 citations

Enkephalin-induced inhibition of cortical neurones and the lack of this effect in morphine tolerant/dependent rats

1976 • 97 citations

Effects of enkephalin and morphine on Renshaw cells in feline spinal cord

1976 • 97 citations

Comparison of the behavioral effects of β-endorphin and enkephalin analogs

1977 • 96 citations

Effects of methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin compared with those of morphine on brainstem neurones in cat

1976 • 94 citations

On the locaticn of methicnine enkephalin neurons in rat striatum

1977 • 93 citations

Potent prolactin and growth hormone releasing activity of more analogues of Met-enkephalin

1977 • 93 citations

Growth Hormone and ACTH Secretion: Evidence for an Inverse Relationship in Rats

1972 • 93 citations

High molecular weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the mouse pituitary and in a mouse pituitary tumor cell line

1975 • 93 citations

The metabolic stability of the enkephalins

1977 • 90 citations

γ Endorphin, α endorphin and Met-enkephalin are formed extracellularly from lipotropin C fragment

1977 • 89 citations

Interaction of iodinated enkephalin analogues with opiate receptors

1978 • 87 citations

Depression of nociceptive and other neurones in the brain by iontophoretically applied met-enkephalin

1976 • 87 citations

Biosynthesis of Small Peptides

1974 • 86 citations

MORPHINE AND NEUROTRANSMITTER SUBSTANCES: MICROIONTOPHORETIC STUDY IN THE RAT BRAIN STEM

1974 • 85 citations

Electrically stimulated release of opiate-like material from the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig ileum

1977 • 84 citations

A large product of cell-free translation of messenger RNA coding for corticotropin.

1976 • 84 citations

β Endorphin inhibits ACh turnover in nuclei of rat brain

1977 • 83 citations

(D-MET2, PRO5)-enkephalinamide: a potent morphine-like analgesic

1977 • 82 citations

Morphinomimetic activity of synthetic fragments of beta-lipotropin and analogs.

1976 • 82 citations

Evidence for topographical analogy between methionine-enkephalin and morphine derivatives

1977 • 81 citations

Leu-enkephalin-stimulated growth hormone and prolactin release in the rat: comparison with the effect of morphine

1977 • 79 citations

beta-Endorphin: cross tolerance to and cross physical dependence on morphine.

1976 • 78 citations

Structural and conformational relationships between the enkephalins and the opiates

1976 • 77 citations

Failure of hypophysectomy to alter brain content of opioid peptides (endorphins)

1976 • 74 citations

Isolation of a novel endogenous opiate analgesic from human blood.

1976 • 73 citations

Structure-activity relationships of methionine-enkephalin

1976 • 72 citations

Opiate receptor affinity of peptides related to Leu-enkephalin

1976 • 72 citations

Enkephalin inhibits firing of myenteric neurones

1976 • 72 citations

Behavioural dissociation of the enkephalinergic systems of nucleus accumbens and nucleus caudatus

1977 • 71 citations

THE PARALYSING ACTION OF MORPHINE ON THE GUINEA‐PIG ILEUM

1955 • 71 citations

Opiate agonist-antagonist interaction at cortical neurones of naive and tolerant/dependent rats

1974 • 68 citations

Characterization of an endogenous morphine-like factor(enkephalin) in mammalian brain.

1976 • 67 citations

Opioid peptides: differentiation by radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay

1977 • 67 citations

Isolation and characterization of the opioid peptides from rat pituitary: beta-lipotropin.

1977 • 62 citations

Subcellular localisation of leucine-enkephalin-hydrolysing activity in rat brain

1977 • 62 citations

Enkephalin regulates the levels of cyclic nucleotides in neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells

1976 • 60 citations

ACTH and MSH Production by a Single Cloned Mouse Pituitary Tumor Cell Line

1973 • 60 citations

Tolerance and dependence evoked by an endogenous opiate peptide.

1976 • 60 citations

β-endorphin: A pituitary peptide with potent morphine-like activity

1977 • 59 citations

The role of the hypothalamus in pituitary-adrenal activation and antidiuresis by morphine.

1959 • 59 citations

Enkephalin analogues eliciting analgesia after intravenous injection

1977 • 57 citations

Tolerance and dependence induced by morphine-like pituitary peptides in rats

1976 • 55 citations

5,7-DHT-induced muricide: inhibition as a result of preoperative exposure of rats to mice

1977 • 55 citations

Conformational analysis of Methionine-Enkephalin and some analogs

1977 • 55 citations

Elevated levels of enkephalin in morphine-dependent rats

1976 • 55 citations

STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF PITUITARY‐ADRENAL ACTIVATION BY MORPHINE

1955 • 54 citations

Biological Properties of Ovineβ-Lipotropic Hormone

1968 • 50 citations

Effects of ligation and morphine on electric and motor activity of dog duodenum

1965 • 49 citations

Lipotropin: Localization by radioimmunoassay of endorphin precursor in pituitary and brain

1977 • 46 citations

Effects of enkephalin analogues on prolactin release in the rat

1978 • 45 citations

β-endorphin induced akinesia in rats: Effect of apomorphine and α-methyl-p-tyrosine and related modifications of dopamine turnover in the basal ganglia

1977 • 44 citations

In vitro biosynthesis of beta-endorphin, gamma-lipoprotein, and beta-lipotropin by the pars intermedia of beef pituitary glands.

1977 • 44 citations

Influence of peptides on reduced response of rats to electric footshock after acute administration of morphine

1975 • 43 citations

Morphine and enkephalin interactions with putative neurotransmitters in rat hippocampus

1977 • 40 citations

Coupling of a New, Active Morphine Derivative to Sepharose for Affinity Chromatography

1972 • 40 citations

beta-Endorphin: development of tolerance and its reversal by 5-hydroxytryptophan in cats.

1977 • 40 citations

EFFECTS OF MORPHINE AND SOME OTHER OPIUM ALKALOIDS ON THE MUSCULAR ACTIVITY OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL I. ACTION ON THE SMALL INTESTINE IN UNANESTHETIZED DOGS AND MAN

1926 • 40 citations

Endorphin from pituitary inhibits cyclic AMP formation in homogenates of neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells

1977 • 40 citations

β-Endorphin: Lack of correlation between opiate activity and immunoreactivity by radioimmunoassay

1977 • 39 citations

A CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS FOR LEUCINE‐ENKEPHALIN USING ACTIVITY AND BINDING DATA OF SYNTHETIC ANALOGUES

1977 • 38 citations

Subcellular localization of endorphine activity in bovine pituitary and brain

1976 • 38 citations

Peptides related to β‐lipotropin with opioid activity

1977 • 37 citations

Enkephalin evokes biochemical correlates of opiate tolerance and dependence in neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells

1976 • 36 citations

In vitro biosynthesis of beta-endorphin in pituitary glands.

1977 • 35 citations

[D-Thr2, Thz5]- and [D-Met2, Thz5]-enkephalinamides: Potent analgesics by intravenous injection

1977 • 31 citations

Further characterization of morphine-like peptides (endorphins) from pituitary

1976 • 30 citations

Endorphins in brains of decapitated and microwave-killed mice

1977 • 29 citations

Increased optical transparency associated with excitation–contraction coupling in voltage-clamped cut skeletal muscle fibres

1977 • 28 citations

Binding of 3H-leu-enkephalin in rat striatum: Partial inhibition by morphine or naloxone

1977 • 27 citations

Synthesis of opiate peptides by a clonal pituitary tumor cell line.

1977 • 26 citations

Agonist–antagonist properties of N-allyl-[D-Ala]2-Met-enkephalin

1977 • 26 citations

Specific antiserum to leu‐enkephalin and its use in a radioimmunoassay

1976 • 26 citations

Extraluminal Contractile Force and Electrical Activity of Reversed Canine Duodenum

1968 • 25 citations

Gastric emptying following Finney pyloroplasty and vagotomy

1970 • 25 citations

Detection of a long acting endogenous opioid in blood and small intestine

1977 • 25 citations

Different receptors for somatostatin and opioids in neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells

1977 • 25 citations

Distribution of endorphins (peptides with morphine-like pharmacological activity) in pituitary

1977 • 24 citations

Dependence liability of enkephalin in the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig

1976 • 21 citations

Opiate-like action of methionine-enkephalin in inhibiting morphine abstinence syndrome

1977 • 20 citations

Binding of the opiate-like pentapeptide methionine-enkephalin to a particulate fraction from rat brain

1976 • 20 citations

Synthesis of leucine enkephalin derivatives: Structure-function studies

1977 • 19 citations

Evidence for symmetry in the phytochrome subunit

1978 • 18 citations

Endorphins exert opiate‐like action on neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells

1977 • 17 citations

A morphine-like factor in mammalian brain: Analgesic activity in rats

1977 • 15 citations

Opioid properties of β-lipotropin fragment 60–65, HArgTryGlyGlyPheMetOH

1977 • 13 citations

Preparation and characterisation of a specific antiserum to the C‐Fragment of lipotropin

1977 • 13 citations

Opposite effects of K+-induced depolarisation on endorphin/lipotropin secretion by anterior and intermediate lobes of the rat pituitary

1980 • 12 citations

Recombinant DNA research: a debate on the benefits and risks.

1977 • 9 citations

Effects of D-Tubocurarine on the binding of met-enkephalin to synaptosomal fractions of rat brain

1977 • 3 citations