3 Determinants that govern high-affinity calcium binding

Energy parameters in polypeptides. VII. Geometric parameters, partial atomic charges, nonbonded interactions, hydrogen bond interactions, and intrinsic torsional potentials for the naturally occurring amino acids

1975 • 1,532 citations

Carp Muscle Calcium-binding Protein

1973 • 1,359 citations

Solution structure of a calmodulin-target peptide complex by multidimensional NMR

1992 • 1,258 citations

Target Enzyme Recognition by Calmodulin: 2.4 Å Structure of a Calmodulin-Peptide Complex

1992 • 1,031 citations

Structure of calmodulin refined at 2.2 Å resolution

1988 • 1,019 citations

CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THE HELIX-LOOP-HELIX CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS

1989 • 855 citations

Calcineurin: a calcium- and calmodulin-binding protein of the nervous system.

1979 • 724 citations

Calmodulin structure refined at 1.7 Å resolution

1992 • 709 citations

Cryptates. XVI. [2]-Cryptates. Stability and selectivity of alkali and alkaline-earth macrobicyclic complexes

1975 • 548 citations

Calcium binding to calmodulin and its globular domains

1991 • 486 citations

Three-dimensional structure of the alkaline protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a two-domain protein with a calcium binding parallel beta roll motif.

1993 • 468 citations

The refined crystal structure of bovine β-trypsin at 1·8 Å resolution

1975 • 462 citations

Structure of pentameric human serum amyloid P component

1994 • 459 citations

Structure of thermolysin refined at 1.6 Å resolution

1982 • 443 citations

Crystal Structure of Bee-Venom Phospholipase A ₂ in a Complex with a Transition-State Analogue

1990 • 442 citations

Structure of bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 at 1.7 Å resolution

1981 • 429 citations

Komplexone XXV. Die polarographische Untersuchung von Austauschgleichgewichten. Neue Daten der Bildungskonstanten von Metallkomplexen der Äthylendiamin‐tetraessigsäure und der 1,2‐Diaminocyclohexan‐tetraessigsäure

1954 • 399 citations

The covalent and three-dimensional structure of concanavalin A. III. Structure of the monomer and its interactions with metals and saccharides.

1975 • 343 citations

The refined structure of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein from bovine intestine. Molecular details, ion binding, and implications for the structure of other calcium-binding proteins.

1986 • 340 citations

Calcium-myristoyl protein switch.

1992 • 339 citations

Refined crystal structure of troponin C from turkey skeletal muscle at 2·0 Å resolution

1988 • 335 citations

A model for the Ca2+-induced conformational transition of troponin C. A trigger for muscle contraction.

1986 • 323 citations

Structural comparison of two serine proteinase-protein inhibitor complexes: Eglin-C-subtilisin Carlsberg and CI-2-subtilisin Novo

1988 • 307 citations

Studies on phospholipase A and its zymogen from porcine pancreas

1971 • 298 citations

Structure of the regulatory domain of scallop myosin at 2.8 Ä resolution

1994 • 296 citations

Refined structure of baboon α-lactalbumin at 1.7 Å resolution

1989 • 286 citations

Metal-binding sites of concanavalin A and their role in the binding of α-methyl <scp>d</scp>-glucopyranoside

1968 • 282 citations

Key residues involved in calcium-binding motifs in EGF-like domains

1991 • 282 citations

Refined structure of chicken skeletal muscle troponin C in the two-calcium state at 2-A resolution.

1988 • 279 citations

Three-dimensional structure of recoverin, a calcium sensor in vision

1993 • 274 citations

The calcium ion and membrane binding structure of the Gla domain of calcium-prothrombin fragment 1

1992 • 259 citations

The crystal structure of the ternary complex of staphylococcal nuclease, Ca²⁺ and the inhibitor pdTp, refined at 1.65 Å

1989 • 258 citations

Calcium-Binding Sites in Proteins: A Structural Perspective

1991 • 247 citations

X-ray structure of phospholipase A2 complexed with a substrate-derived inhibitor

1990 • 241 citations

Metal Content of α-Amylases of Various Origins

1959 • 238 citations

Ions binding to S100 proteins. I. Calcium- and zinc-binding properties of bovine brain S100 alpha alpha, S100a (alpha beta), and S100b (beta beta) protein: Zn2+ regulates Ca2+ binding on S100b protein.

1986 • 217 citations

Ca2+ binding and conformational change in two series of point mutations to the individual Ca(2+)-binding sites of calmodulin.

1992 • 213 citations

Structure of recombinant human rheumatoid arthritic synovial fluid phospholipase A2 at 2.2 Å resolution

1991 • 201 citations

Thermodynamics of complex dissociation in aqueous solution at elevated temperatures

1967 • 198 citations

Calcium Coordination and the Calmodulin Fold: Divergent versus Convergent Evolution

1987 • 184 citations

Komplexone XXXVI. Reakinsenthalpie und ‐entropie bei der Bildung der Metallkomplexe der höheren EDTA‐Homologen

1964 • 182 citations

Calcium binding proteins. Elucidating the contributions to calcium affinity from an analysis of species variants and peptide fragments

1990 • 177 citations

Chemical composition, affinity for calcium, and related properties of the vitamin D dependent calcium-binding protein

1974 • 176 citations

Site-directed Mutation of the Trigger Calcium-binding Sites in Cardiac Troponin C

1989 • 175 citations

The enzymatic activity of proteinase K is controlled by calcium

1988 • 172 citations

How an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain binds calcium. High resolution NMR structure of the calcium form of the NH2-terminal EGF-like domain in coagulation factor X.

1992 • 166 citations

Evolution of EF-hand calcium-modulated proteins. II. Domains of several subfamilies have diverse evolutionary histories

1992 • 165 citations

S100P, a novel Ca²⁺ ‐binding protein from human placenta

1992 • 162 citations

How an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain binds calcium. High resolution NMR structure of the calcium form of the NH2-terminal EGF-like domain in coagulation factor X.

1992 • 157 citations

Structure of native porcine pancreatic elastase at 1.65 Å resolution

1988 • 155 citations

Calcium binding to complexes of calmodulin and calmodulin binding proteins

1985 • 152 citations

Proline cis-trans isomers in calbindin D9k observed by X-ray crystallography

1992 • 148 citations

Signal transduction versus buffering activity in Ca2+–binding proteins

1994 • 144 citations

Cooperative binding to the Ca2+-specific sites of troponin C in regulated actin and actomyosin.

1983 • 140 citations

The role of protein surface charges in ion binding

1988 • 138 citations

Crystal structure of thermitase at 1.4A˚resolution

1990 • 137 citations

Kinetics of calcium dissociation from calmodulin and its tryptic fragments. A stopped-flow fluorescence study using Quin 2 reveals a two-domain structure

1985 • 137 citations

Calcium and Cell Function

1982 • 134 citations

Structure-function relationships in EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. Protein engineering and biophysical studies of calbindin D9k

1987 • 131 citations

Electrostatic contributions to the binding of calcium in calbindin D9k

1991 • 130 citations

Myosin light chains and troponin C: Structural and evolutionary relationships revealed by amino acid sequence comparisons

1991 • 125 citations

Metal ion and drug binding to proteolytic fragments of calmodulin: proteolytic cadmium-113 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies

1984 • 125 citations

Restrained least squares refinement of native (calcium) and cadmium-substituted carp parvalbumin using X-ray crystallographic data at 1.6-Å resolution

1989 • 116 citations

Calcium-Induced Peptide Association to Form an Intact Protein Domain: ¹ H NMR Structural Evidence

1990 • 115 citations

Calcium-binding proteins: basic concepts and clinical implications.

1992 • 111 citations

High-resolution Solution Structure of Calcium-loaded Calbindin D9k

1993 • 110 citations

Determination of the free-energy coupling for binding of calcium ion and troponin I to calmodulin

1982 • 110 citations

Calcium(II) site specificity: effect of size and charge on metal ion binding to an EF-hand-like site

1990 • 109 citations

Calcium binding to the isolated β-hydroxyaspartic acid-containing epidermal growth factor-like domain of bovine factor X

1989 • 109 citations

Restoration of the calcium binding activity of mutant calmodulins toward normal by the presence of a calmodulin binding structure

1991 • 103 citations

Inhibition of mutant troponin C activity by an intra-domain disulphide bond

1990 • 102 citations

Derivatives of blood coagulation factor IX contain a high affinity Ca2+-binding site that lacks gamma-carboxyglutamic acid.

1984 • 101 citations

Calcium binding to the epidermal growth factor homology region of bovine protein C.

1988 • 99 citations

Probing the calcium-induced conformational transition of troponin C with site-directed mutants

1990 • 99 citations

Design and creation of a Ca2+ binding site in human lysozyme to enhance structural stability.

1989 • 98 citations

Calcium-binding properties of bovine factor X lacking the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing region.

1984 • 96 citations

Macrocycles and their selectivity for metal ions on the basis of size

1986 • 96 citations

Novel type of very high affinity calcium-binding sites in beta-hydroxyasparagine-containing epidermal growth factor-like domains in vitamin K-dependent protein S.

1990 • 92 citations

Determination of residue specificity in the EF-hand of troponin C for Ca2+ coordination, by genetic engineering.

1992 • 85 citations

Communication between two globular domains of calmodulin in the presence of mastoparan or caldesmon fragment. Ca2+ binding and 1H NMR.

1987 • 82 citations

Mutational effects on the cooperativity of calcium binding in calmodulin

1993 • 80 citations

Komplexone XXXIII. Reaktionsenthalpie und ‐entropie bei der Bildung der Metallkomplexe von Äthylendiamin‐ und Diaminocyclohexan‐tetraessigsäure

1963 • 79 citations

A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Binding of Calcium, and Magnesium Ions to Parvalbumin

1980 • 78 citations

Calcium-dependent activation of protein kinase C. The role of the C2 domain in divalent cation selectivity.

1993 • 78 citations

The Binding of Nucleotides and Calcium to the Extracellular Nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus

1967 • 77 citations

Novel ion specificity of a carboxylate cluster magnesium(II) binding site: Strong charge selectivity and weak size selectivity

1993 • 77 citations

The three‐dimensional structure of the first EGF‐like module of human factor IX: Comparison with EGF and TGF‐α

1992 • 75 citations

Comparative studies on thermostability of calmodulin, skeletal muscle troponin C and their tryptic fragments

1983 • 75 citations

High level expression in Escherichia coli and characterization of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein caltractin.

1994 • 74 citations

Characterization of the human calmodulin-like protein expressed in Escherichia coli

1992 • 71 citations

Structure of a sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein from Nereis diversicolor refined at 2·0 Å resolution

1992 • 70 citations

Construction and characterization of a spectral probe mutant of troponin C: application to analyses of mutants with increased calcium affinity

1992 • 69 citations

NMR-derived three-dimensional solution structure of protein S complexed with calcium

1994 • 69 citations

Kinetic studies show that calcium and terbium have different binding preferences toward the four calcium-binding sites of calmodulin

1984 • 68 citations

Die Verwendung der Quecksilberelektrode zur Bestimmung der Stabilitätskonstanten von Metallkomplexen

1957 • 68 citations

Stopped‐flow studies of calcium dissociation from calcium‐binding‐site mutants of Drosophila melanogaster calmodulin

1992 • 66 citations

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the internal dynamics in apo, (Cd2+)1 and (Ca2+)2 Calbindin D9k

1992 • 65 citations

Calcium-dependent interaction between the epidermal growth factor precursor-like region of human protein C and a monoclonal antibody.

1987 • 65 citations

Thermodynamics of chelation

1978 • 63 citations

Protein structural requirements for Ca2+ binding to the light chain of factor X. Studies using isolated intact fragments containing the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid region and/or the epidermal growth factor-like domains

1991 • 62 citations

Circular dichroism studies on calcium binding to two series of calcium binding site mutants of Drosophila melanogaster calmodulin

1992 • 62 citations

Calcium- and magnesium-binding properties of oncomodulin. Direct binding studies and microcalorimetry.

1990 • 60 citations

Solution structure of a polypeptide dimer comprising the fourth calcium-binding site of troponin C by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

1991 • 59 citations

The effect of aspartate hydroxylation on calcium binding to epidermal growth factor-like modules in coagulation factors IX and X.

1993 • 57 citations

Biophysical studies of engineered mutant proteins based on calbindin D_9k modified in the pseudo EF‐hand

1990 • 56 citations

Quantitating and engineering the ion specificity of an EF-hand-like calcium binding site

1991 • 56 citations

Mutation of the high affinity calcium binding sites in cardiac troponin C.

1992 • 55 citations

Properties of isolated recombinant N and C domains of chicken troponin C

1994 • 54 citations

Synchrotron X-ray data collection and restrained least-squares refinement of the crystal structure of proteinase K at 1.5 Å resolution

1988 • 54 citations

Characterization of a new sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein with magnesium-induced cooperativity in the binding of calcium

1981 • 54 citations

Protein surface charges and calcium binding to individual sites in calbindin D9k: stopped-flow studies

1990 • 54 citations

Cooperative binding of two calcium ions to the double site of apothermolysin

1974 • 54 citations

Magnesium and calcium ion binding to bovine prothrombin fragment 1. A circular dichroism, fluorescence, and 43Ca2+ and 25Mg2+ nuclear magnetic resonance study.

1979 • 53 citations

The Chelate Effect

1967 • 53 citations

A series of point mutations reveal interactions between the calcium‐binding sites of calmodulin

1992 • 53 citations

Determination of and corrections to sequences of turkey and chicken troponins-C. Effects of Thr-130 to Ile mutation on Ca2+ affinity

1991 • 52 citations

Structural requirements for Ca2+ binding to the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and epidermal growth factor-like regions of factor IX. Studies using intact domains isolated from controlled proteolytic digests of bovine factor IX

1991 • 51 citations

Two-dimensional 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of the Half-saturated (Ca2+)1 State of Calbindin D9k

1993 • 51 citations

Structure of a Sarcoplasmic Calcium-binding Protein from Amphioxus Refined at 2·4 Å Resolution

1993 • 49 citations

Ligand requirements for Ca²⁺ binding to EGF-like domains

1992 • 48 citations

Effect of amino acid substitutions and deletions on the thermal stability, the pH stability and unfolding by urea of bovine calbindin D_9k

1988 • 47 citations

Structure of oncomodulin refined at 1·85 Å resolution

1990 • 47 citations

Observations on the binding of lanthanides and calcium to vitamin D-dependent chick intestinal calcium-binding protein. Implications regarding calcium-binding protein function.

1987 • 47 citations

Towards an understanding of the effects of calcium on protein structure and function

1991 • 47 citations

The Stability of Complex Ions with Special Reference to Hydration

1954 • 47 citations

The effect of protein concentration on ion binding.

1995 • 46 citations

Synthetic analog of a high affinity calcium binding site in rabbit skeletal troponin C.

1980 • 46 citations

Calbindin-D28K, a 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced calcium-binding protein, binds five or six Ca2+ ions with high affinity.

1990 • 46 citations

Three-dimensional structure of the apo form of the N-terminal EGF-like module of blood coagulation factor X as determined by NMR spectroscopy and simulated folding

1992 • 45 citations

Calcium affinity of the NH2-terminal epidermal growth factor-like module of factor X. Effect of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing module.

1993 • 45 citations

Thermodynamic changes in the binding of Ca2+ to a mutant human lysozyme (D86/92). Enthalpy-entropy compensation observed upon Ca2+ binding to proteins.

1992 • 45 citations

The binding of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cd2+ to tryptic fragments of skeletal muscle troponin C. Cadmium-113 and proton NMR studies.

1987 • 44 citations

Calmodulin-cardiac troponin C chimeras. Effects of domain exchange on calcium binding and enzyme activation.

1993 • 43 citations

Noncovalent complex between domain AB and domains CD*EF of parvalbumin

1991 • 42 citations

Towards an understanding of the effects of calcium on protein structure and function

1992 • 42 citations

The calcium-binding site in the galactose chemoreceptor protein

1989 • 42 citations

Amino acid sequence of two sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins from the protochordate Amphioxus

1986 • 42 citations

Influence of calcium binding on the thermal stability of ‘thermitase’, a serine protease from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris

1981 • 42 citations

Calcium binding to calbindin D9k strongly affects backbone dynamics: measurements of exchange rates of individual amide protons using proton NMR

1990 • 40 citations

Energetics of the binding of calcium and troponin I to troponin C from rabbit skeletal muscle

1985 • 40 citations

Characterization of calcium-binding sites in development-specific protein S of Myxococcus xanthus using site-specific mutagenesis.

1988 • 39 citations

Calcium Binding to Proteins and Other Large Biological Anion Centers

1982 • 39 citations

Troponin‐C mutants with increased calcium affinity

1993 • 39 citations

Dissection of Calbindin D_9k into two Ca²⁺‐binding subdomains by a combination of mutagenesis and chemical cleavage

1992 • 39 citations

Location of the calcium ion binding site in porcine pancreatic elastase using a lanthanide ion probe

1977 • 36 citations

Determination of the solution structure of a synthetic two-site calcium-binding homodimeric protein domain by NMR spectroscopy

1992 • 36 citations

Calcium and calmodulin

1992 • 36 citations

Dynamic and structural properties of the calcium binding site of bovine serine proteases and their zymogens

1985 • 36 citations

Disulfide bonds in homo‐ and heterodimers of EF‐hand subdomains of calbindin D_9k: Stability, calcium binding, and NMR studies

1993 • 35 citations

A Site-Directed Mutagenesis Study of Yeast Calmodulin1

1991 • 35 citations

A structure–function relationship for the calcium affinities of regulatory proteins containing ‘EF-hand’ pairs

1988 • 35 citations

Kinetic control of Ca(II) signaling: tuning the ion dissociation rates of EF-hand Ca(II) binding sites.

1993 • 34 citations

Cation binding and conformation of tryptic fragments of Nereis sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein: Calcium-induced homo- and heterodimerization

1993 • 34 citations

Synthetic fragments of calmodulin calcium-binding site III. A test of the acid pair hypothesis.

1990 • 34 citations

Crystal structures of the apo- and holomutant human lysozymes with an introduced Ca2+ binding site.

1991 • 33 citations

The structure of apo‐calmodulin

1993 • 33 citations

Calcium ion binding by thermitase

1989 • 30 citations

Ion-binding properties of calbindin D9k: a Monte Carlo simulation study

1991 • 30 citations

Steady-State Properties of Calcium Binding to Parvalbumins from Bullfrog Skeletal Muscle: Effects of Mg2+ pH, Ionic Strength, and Temperature1

1986 • 29 citations

Evidence for the interaction between the calcium indicator 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and calcium-binding proteins.

1986 • 29 citations

Kinetics of calcium binding to calbindin mutants

1988 • 29 citations

Calcium ion binding to pancreatic phospholipase A2 and its zymogen: a calcium-43 NMR study

1984 • 28 citations

Kinetic mechanism of calcium binding to whiting parvalbumin

1988 • 27 citations

A functional and degenerate pair of EF hands contains the very high affinity calcium-binding site of calbindin-D28K.

1993 • 27 citations

Distinct regional localization of neurocalcin, a Ca2+-binding protein, in the bovine adrenal gland

1993 • 26 citations

Prokaryotic calcium‐binding protein of the calmodulin superfamily Calcium binding to a Saccharopolyspora erythraea 20 kDa protein

1992 • 25 citations

Structural and biological studies on synthetic peptide analogues of a low-affinity calcium-binding site of skeletal troponin C

1987 • 25 citations

A calorimetric study of Ca²⁺ binding by the parvalbumin of the toad (Bufo): distinguishable binding sites in the molecule

1986 • 25 citations

Electrostatic contributions to the binding of Ca2+ in calbindin mutants

1990 • 24 citations

Ca²⁺ binding of latent transforming growth factor‐β1 binding protein

1993 • 24 citations

A synthetic 33-residue analogue of bovine brain calmodulin calcium binding site III: synthesis, purification, and calcium binding

1987 • 24 citations

Kinetics of cadmium and terbium dissociation from calmodulin and its tryptic fragments

1986 • 23 citations

Differential recovery of Ca2+ binding activity in mutated EF-hands of cardiac troponin C.

1993 • 22 citations

Mutagenesis of the fourth calcium-binding domain of yeast calmodulin

1993 • 22 citations

The entropy effect of chelation

1979 • 22 citations

The solution structures of mutant calbindin D9k's, as determined by NMR, show that the calcium binding site can adopt different folds

1993 • 22 citations

Helix variants of troponin C with tailored calcium affinities

1993 • 20 citations

Neutral lonophores having extraordinary Ca2+ binding strengths and Ca2+/Na+ selectivities in aqueous solution

1990 • 20 citations

Binding Strength of Calcium Ion to Bovine α-Lactalbnmin1

1986 • 20 citations

Binding of calcium to calmodulin and its tryptic fragments: Theory and experiment

1993 • 20 citations

On experimental artifacts in the use of metal ion chelators for the determination of the cation binding constants of alpha-lactalbumin. A reply.

1987 • 19 citations

Cation binding and conformation of human calmodulin-like protein

1993 • 19 citations

Kinetics of calcium binding to calbindin mutants

1988 • 19 citations

The thermodynamics of calcium binding to thermolysin

1986 • 18 citations

Thermodynamic data on the binding of six M2+-ions to bovine, goat, and human α-lactalbumin

1991 • 17 citations

Stability effects associated with the introduction of a partial and a complete Ca²⁺-binding site into human lysozyme

1993 • 17 citations

Site-specific Mutants of Oncomodulin

1989 • 16 citations

Calcium-binding constants of trypsin and trypsinogen. A reassessment

1981 • 16 citations

Mutation of the pseudo‐EF‐hand of calbindin D_9k into a normal EF‐hand

1991 • 16 citations

Spectroscopic analysis of a methionine-48 to tyrosine mutant of chicken troponin C

1992 • 15 citations

Thermodynamics of cation binding to Nereis sarcoplasmic calcium‐binding protein

1992 • 15 citations

Design and synthesis of the pseudo‐EF hand in calbindin D_9K: Effect of amino acid substitutions in the α‐helical regions

1991 • 14 citations

Calcium-ion binding by the potential calcium-ion-binding protein, p9Ka

1990 • 14 citations

Thermodynamics of ion association. XVI. Bivalent metal complexes involving nitrogen and oxygen coordination

1968 • 13 citations

Interactions between residues in the oncomodulin CD domain influence Ca2+ ion-binding affinity

1991 • 13 citations

Functional properties of calbindin D9K mutants with exchanged Ca2+ binding sites.

1990 • 13 citations

PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AS COMPLEXING AGENTS XII. Thermodynamics of Complex Formation with 2-Pyridylmethyl-iminodiacetic Acid and its 6-Methyl Substituted Derivative

1981 • 10 citations

Thermodynamics of Ca2+ binding to calmodulin and its tryptic fragments

1991 • 9 citations

Biochemical properties of calcyclin--a potential marker of some diseases.

1993 • 5 citations

A thermometric titrimetric study of the complexation of alkaline-earth metals by linear poly(aminocarboxylic) acids

1983 • 5 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations