The Efferent Arm of the Energy Balance Regulatory Pathway: Neuroendocrinology and Pathology

Central nervous system control of food intake

2000 • 6,305 citations

Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp.

1999 • 5,310 citations

Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents

2000 • 3,915 citations

Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans

1997 • 2,900 citations

The Continuing Epidemics of Obesity and Diabetes in the United States

2001 • 2,803 citations

A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction

1998 • 2,333 citations

Effects of Recombinant Leptin Therapy in a Child with Congenital Leptin Deficiency

1999 • 1,959 citations

Changes in Energy Expenditure Resulting from Altered Body Weight

1995 • 1,926 citations

Obesity, Fat Distribution, and Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in Men

1994 • 1,842 citations

Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans

1998 • 1,666 citations

Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis

2000 • 1,560 citations

Insulin and insulin resistance:

2004 • 1,477 citations

Interacting Appetite-Regulating Pathways in the Hypothalamic Regulation of Body Weight*

1999 • 1,467 citations

Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease

1995 • 1,239 citations

From Lesions to Leptin

1999 • 1,165 citations

Obesity and impaired prohormone processing associated with mutations in the human prohormone convertase 1 gene

1997 • 1,125 citations

The Glucagon-Like Peptides

1999 • 1,018 citations

Receptor-mediated regional sympathetic nerve activation by leptin.

1997 • 980 citations

Melanocortin-4 receptor mutations are a frequent and heterogeneous cause of morbid obesity

2000 • 896 citations

Interacting Appetite-Regulating Pathways in the Hypothalamic Regulation of Body Weight

1999 • 862 citations

Targeted Disruption of the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene

1995 • 483 citations

Mechanisms and Physiological Significance of the Cholinergic Control of Pancreatic β-Cell Function

2001 • 480 citations

Role of the Vagus Nerve in Mediating Proximal Nutrient-Induced Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion*

1999 • 434 citations

Regulation of Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin mRNA by Leptin in ob/ob Mice

1997 • 425 citations

Diverse Causes of Hypoglycemia-Associated Autonomic Failure in Diabetes

2004 • 407 citations

Heart rate variability in obesity and the effect of weight loss

1999 • 391 citations

Incidence of Type II Diabetes in Mexican Americans Predicted by Fasting Insulin and Glucose Levels, Obesity, and Body-Fat Distribution

1990 • 387 citations

Leptin activates distinct projections from the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei

1998 • 376 citations

Diet, Obesity and Hypertension: An Hypothesis Involving Insulin, the Sympathetic Nervous System, and Adaptive Thermogenesis

1986 • 375 citations

Mice lacking the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor are hypophagic and lean

2001 • 373 citations

Selective parasympathetic innervation of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat — functional implications

2002 • 368 citations

Central Effect of Ghrelin, an Endogenous Growth Hormone Secretagogue, on Hypothalamic Peptide Gene Expression

2000 • 362 citations

Structure and function of the uncoupling protein from brown adipose tissue

1999 • 360 citations

Obesity and insulin resistance in humans: A dose-response study

1990 • 360 citations

CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY

2001 • 337 citations

The Cephalic Insulin Response to Meal Ingestion in Humans Is Dependent on Both Cholinergic and Noncholinergic Mechanisms and Is Important for Postprandial Glycemia

2001 • 285 citations

Octreotide Therapy of Pediatric Hypothalamic Obesity: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2003 • 284 citations

Relation between circulating leptin concentrations and appetite during a prolonged, moderate energy deficit in women

1998 • 271 citations

Acute Hyperinsulinemia and Its Reversal by Vagotomy after Lesions of the Ventromedial Hypothalamus in Anesthetized Rats*

1979 • 266 citations

Gut hormones in the control of appetite

2004 • 248 citations

Resting Energy Expenditure is Sensitive to Small Dose Changes in Patients on Chronic Thyroid Hormone Replacement¹

1997 • 238 citations

MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPOTHALAMIC OBESITY IN MAN: A COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF EIGHT PATIENTS AND A EEVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

1975 • 229 citations

Autonomic nervous system activity in weight gain and weight loss

1995 • 223 citations

The Glucagon-Like Peptides

1999 • 218 citations

Mechanisms of inhibition of insulin release

1996 • 199 citations

Obesity in Patients with Craniopharyngioma: Assessment of Food Intake and Movement Counts Indicating Physical Activity

2003 • 193 citations

The Effects of Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomy in Rats With Ventromedial Hypothalamic Obesity

1977 • 187 citations

Role of Melanocortin-4 Receptors in Mediating Renal Sympathoactivation to Leptin and Insulin

2003 • 183 citations

Glucose uptake in human adipose tissue

1987 • 180 citations

Resting Energy Expenditure is Sensitive to Small Dose Changes in Patients on Chronic Thyroid Hormone Replacement

1997 • 180 citations

Hypothalamic obesity

1981 • 169 citations

Monogenic Human Obesity Syndromes

2004 • 168 citations

Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic function during weight change in humans

1991 • 154 citations

Mechanisms and Physiological Significance of the Cholinergic Control of Pancreatic -Cell Function

2001 • 150 citations

Acute Postchallenge Hyperinsulinemia Predicts Weight Gain: A Prospective Study

1997 • 148 citations

Pathophysiological Significance of theObeseGene Product, Leptin, in Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)-Lesioned Rats: Evidence for Loss of Its Satiety Effect in VMH-Lesioned Rats¹

1997 • 143 citations

Early Changes in Postprandial Insulin Secretion, Not in Insulin Sensitivity, Characterize Juvenile Obesity

1994 • 139 citations

Ventromedial hypothalamus modulates fat mobilisation during fasting

1978 • 137 citations

A Novel Melanocortin 3 Receptor Gene (MC3R) Mutation Associated with Severe Obesity

2002 • 137 citations

Regulation of Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin mRNA by Leptin in ob/ob Mice

1997 • 134 citations

Intracerebroventricular insulin produces nonuniform regional increases in sympathetic nerve activity

1994 • 132 citations

Incidence of type II diabetes in Mexican Americans predicted by fasting insulin and glucose levels, obesity, and body-fat distribution

1990 • 121 citations

Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Release, A Mathematical Approach: I. Assay of the Beta-cell Response After Oral Glucose Loading

1976 • 121 citations

MARCKS, membranes, and calmodulin: kinetics of their interaction

1998 • 121 citations

Gut hormones and the control of appetite

2004 • 116 citations

Central Effect of Ghrelin, an Endogenous Growth Hormone Secretagogue, on Hypothalamic Peptide Gene Expression

2000 • 111 citations

Neural pathways involved in the hypothalamic integration of autonomic responses

1981 • 102 citations

Role of the β3-Adrenergic Receptor and/or a Putative β4-Adrenergic Receptor on the Expression of Uncoupling Proteins and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1

1999 • 99 citations

Cholinergic Agonists Prime the β-Cell to Glucose Stimulation

1989 • 95 citations

Suppression of insulin secretion is associated with weight loss and altered macronutrient intake and preference in a subset of obese adults

2003 • 93 citations

Effects of Fasting and Refeeding on the Level of Uncoupling Protein mRNA in Rat Brown Adipose Tissue: Evidence for Diet-Induced and Cold-Induced Responses

1990 • 92 citations

Activation of the Parasympathetic Nervous System Is Necessary for Normal Meal-Induced Insulin Secretion in Rhesus Macaques1

2001 • 92 citations

Role of the Vagus Nerve in Mediating Proximal Nutrient-Induced Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion

1999 • 91 citations

FAT CELLS

1996 • 90 citations

An hypothesis on the aetiology of obesity: dysfunction of the central nervous system as a primary cause

1985 • 89 citations

Adrenergic control of protein metabolism in skeletal muscle

2002 • 86 citations

Protein kinase C in beta-cells: expression of multiple isoforms and involvement in cholinergic stimulation of insulin secretion

1996 • 85 citations

THE NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY

2001 • 81 citations

Endocrine and neuroanatomic features associated with weight gain and obesity in adult patients with hypothalamic damage

2005 • 81 citations

Central obesity in rhesus monkeys: association with hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia?

1993 • 81 citations

Central and peripheral noradrenalin regulation in eating disorders

1996 • 81 citations

Hypothalamic Obesity: The Sixth Cranial Endocrinopathy

2002 • 79 citations

Consequences of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Lesions upon Insulin and Glucagon Secretion by Subsequently Isolated Perfused Pancreases in the Rat

1980 • 78 citations

Craniopharyngioma: Endocrine Sequelae of Treatment

1994 • 78 citations

Insulin-Induced Sympathetic Activation and Vasodilation in Skeletal Muscle: Effects of Insulin Resistance in Lean Subjects

1995 • 73 citations

Mechanism of sympathetic neural regulation of insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon secretion

1990 • 71 citations

Involvement of the Cholinergic System in Insulin and Glucagon Oversecretion of Genetic Preobesity*

1985 • 64 citations

Vagal regulation of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion in vitro in the rat.

1987 • 62 citations

Autonomic dysfunction of the beta-cell and the pathogenesis of obesity.

2003 • 60 citations

Effect of Vagotomy on Serum Insulin in Rats with Paraventricular or Ventromedial Hypothalamic Lesions*

1986 • 58 citations

In VivoEpinephrine-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle

2004 • 55 citations

Activation of the Parasympathetic Nervous System Is Necessary for Normal Meal-Induced Insulin Secretion in Rhesus Macaques

2001 • 54 citations

Creation of an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ store in secretory granules of insulin-producing cells.

1994 • 52 citations

Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Obese and Never‐Obese Young Men

1997 • 52 citations

Muscarinic Stimulation Increases Na+Entry in Pancreatic B-Cells by a Mechanism Other than the Emptying of Intracellular Ca2+Pools

1996 • 51 citations

Syndromes of hypothalamic obesity in man.

1984 • 50 citations

Defect in Epinephrine Production in Children with Craniopharyngioma: Functional or Organic Origin?

2003 • 49 citations

A Novel Melanocortin 3 Receptor Gene (MC3R) Mutation Associated with Severe Obesity

2002 • 48 citations

Pathophysiological Significance of the Obese Gene Product, Leptin, in Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)-Lesioned Rats: Evidence for Loss of Its Satiety Effect in VMH-Lesioned Rats

1997 • 47 citations

Early changes in postprandial insulin secretion, not in insulin sensitivity, characterize juvenile obesity

1994 • 44 citations

Nerves, Fat, and Insulin Resistance

2003 • 44 citations

Sympathoadrenal Counterregulation in Patients with Hypothalamic Craniopharyngioma

2002 • 43 citations

Influence of duration of obesity on the insulin resistance of obese non-diabetic patients

1998 • 42 citations

Direct effect of CNS on insulin hypersecretion in obese Zucker rats: involvement of vagus nerve

1989 • 38 citations

Basal and exercise‐induced sympathetic nervous activity and lipolysis in adipose tissue of patients with anorexia nervosa

2004 • 33 citations

Racial and etiopathologic dichotomies in insulin hypersecretion and resistance in obese children

2005 • 32 citations

Interrelationships among measures of autonomic activity and cardiovascular risk factors during orthostasis and the oral glucose tolerance test

1995 • 31 citations

Adrenoceptor subtypes mediating catecholamine-induced thermogenesis in man.

1993 • 31 citations

Diabetic syndrome in the Chinese hamster induced with monosodium glutamate

1980 • 30 citations

Acute postchallenge hyperinsulinemia predicts weight gain: a prospective study

1997 • 30 citations

Insulin-induced sympathetic activation and vasodilatation in skeletal muscle.

1996 • 23 citations

Glucose tolerance and insulin release, a mathematical approach I. Assay of the beta-cell response after oral glucose loading

1976 • 21 citations

Selective parasympathetic innervation of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat — functional implications

2002 • 21 citations

Cardiac autonomic nerve function and insulin sensitivity in obese subjects.

1996 • 18 citations

Sympathoadrenal Counterregulation in Patients with Hypothalamic Craniopharyngioma

2002 • 18 citations