The biology of leptin: a review.

Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue

1994 • 12,975 citations

Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans

1996 • 6,254 citations

Weight-Reducing Effects of the Plasma Protein Encoded by the obese Gene

1995 • 4,457 citations

Effects of the obese Gene Product on Body Weight Regulation in ob / ob Mice

1995 • 4,057 citations

Leptin levels in human and rodent: Measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects

1995 • 3,730 citations

An Antidiabetic Thiazolidinedione Is a High Affinity Ligand for Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ)

1995 • 3,603 citations

Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R

1995 • 3,498 citations

Recombinant Mouse OB Protein: Evidence for a Peripheral Signal Linking Adiposity and Central Neural Networks

1995 • 3,302 citations

Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting

1996 • 3,106 citations

Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans

1997 • 2,900 citations

Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice

1996 • 2,361 citations

Evidence That the Diabetes Gene Encodes the Leptin Receptor: Identification of a Mutation in the Leptin Receptor Gene in db/db Mice

1996 • 2,185 citations

mPPAR gamma 2: tissue-specific regulator of an adipocyte enhancer.

1994 • 2,176 citations

Leptin levels reflect body lipid content in mice: Evidence for diet-induced resistance to leptin action

1995 • 1,630 citations

The role of neuropeptide Y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene product

1995 • 1,521 citations

Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant leptin

1996 • 1,505 citations

Identification of targets of leptin action in rat hypothalamus.

1996 • 1,502 citations

The role of depot fat in the hypothalamic control of food intake in the rat

1953 • 1,400 citations

Adipogenesis and Obesity: Rounding Out the Big Picture

1996 • 1,268 citations

Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin

1996 • 1,210 citations

Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in mediating the effects of fibrates and fatty acids on gene expression

1996 • 1,201 citations

Decreased cerebrospinal-fluid/serum leptin ratio in obesity: a possible mechanism for leptin resistance

1996 • 1,170 citations

Transient increase in obese gene expression after food intake or insulin administration

1995 • 1,102 citations

Leptin activation of Stat3 in the hypothalamus of wild–type and ob/ob mice but not db/db mice

1996 • 1,097 citations

Phenotypes of Mouse diabetes and Rat fatty Due to Mutations in the OB (Leptin) Receptor

1996 • 1,074 citations

Leptin is a metabolic signal to the reproductive system.

1996 • 1,037 citations

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and their effects on lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation

1996 • 1,036 citations

Sensitivity to leptin and susceptibility to seizures of mice lacking neuropeptide Y

1996 • 1,020 citations

OBESE, A NEW MUTATION IN THE HOUSE MOUSE*

1950 • 1,020 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid leptin levels: Relationship to plasma levels and to adiposity in humans

1996 • 1,004 citations

Thiazolidinediones in the Treatment of Insulin Resistance and Type II Diabetes

1996 • 1,004 citations

Leptin: The Tale of an Obesity Gene

1996 • 987 citations

Diabetes, a New Mutation in the Mouse

1966 • 966 citations

Localization of leptin receptor mRNA and the long form splice variant (Ob‐Rb) in mouse hypothalamus and adjacent brain regions by in situ hybridization

1996 • 879 citations

Specificity of Leptin Action on Elevated Blood Glucose Levels and Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y Gene Expression in ob/ob Mice

1996 • 873 citations

Early Onset of Reproductive Function in Normal Female Mice Treated with Leptin

1997 • 844 citations

Attenuation of the Obesity Syndrome of ob/ob Mice by the Loss of Neuropeptide Y

1996 • 814 citations

Defective STAT signaling by the leptin receptor in diabetic mice.

1996 • 803 citations

Multiple Cytokines and Acute Inflammation Raise Mouse Leptin Levels: Potential Role in Inflammatory Anorexia

1997 • 798 citations

Nocturnal rise of leptin in lean, obese, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects.

1996 • 784 citations

Leptin accelerates the onset of puberty in normal female mice.

1997 • 768 citations

Leptin can induce proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation of hemopoietic cells

1996 • 751 citations

Role of leptin in hypothalamic–pituitary function

1997 • 744 citations

Modulation of Insulin Activities by Leptin

1996 • 733 citations

CCAAT-Enhancer Binding Protein: A Component of a Differentiation Switch

1991 • 733 citations

Effects of parabiosis of obese with diabetes and normal mice

1973 • 728 citations

Crystal structure of the obese protein Ieptin-E100

1997 • 658 citations

Human leptin levels are pulsatile and inversely related to pituitary–ardenal function

1997 • 632 citations

Novel B219/OB receptor isoforms: Possible role of leptin in hematopoiesis and reproduction

1996 • 629 citations

The transcriptional control of hematopoiesis [see comments]

1996 • 608 citations

Differentiation-induced gene expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein interacts with and activates the promoters of two adipocyte-specific genes.

1989 • 587 citations

Expression of ob mRNA and its encoded protein in rodents. Impact of nutrition and obesity.

1995 • 573 citations

Evidence of free and bound leptin in human circulation. Studies in lean and obese subjects and during short-term fasting.

1996 • 552 citations

Regulated expression of the obese gene product (leptin) in white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

1995 • 522 citations

The OB Protein (Leptin) Pathway - A Link Between Adipose Tissue Mass and Central Neural Networks

1996 • 517 citations

Responses of Leptin to Short-Term Fasting and Refeeding in Humans: A Link With Ketogenesis but Not Ketones Themselves

1996 • 516 citations

Expression of the Functional Leptin Receptor mRNA in Pancreatic Islets and Direct Inhibitory Action of Leptin on Insulin Secretion

1997 • 511 citations

Leptin Is a Metabolic Gate for the Onset of Puberty in the Female Rat

1997 • 506 citations

Regulation of Expression of ob mRNA and Protein by Glucocorticoids and cAMP

1996 • 497 citations

Induction of ob Gene Expression by Corticosteroids Is Accompanied by Body Weight Loss and Reduced Food Intake

1995 • 485 citations

A role for leptin and its cognate receptor in hematopoiesis

1996 • 478 citations

Coexpression of Leptin Receptor and Preproneuropeptide Y mRNA in Arcuate Nucleus of Mouse Hypothalamus

1996 • 473 citations

The effects of lesions in the hypothalamus in parabiotic rats

1959 • 465 citations

Insulin and Cortisol Promote Leptin Production in Cultured Human Fat Cells

1996 • 464 citations

Leptin Impairs Metabolic Actions of Insulin in Isolated Rat Adipocytes

1997 • 463 citations

Leptin Treatment Rescues the Sterility of Genetically Obese ob/ob Males*

1997 • 456 citations

The function of adipocytes in the bone marrow stroma: an update

1996 • 447 citations

Body weight and food intake as initiating factors for puberty in the rat

1963 • 441 citations

Recombinant ob protein reduces feeding and body weight in the ob/ob mouse.

1995 • 436 citations

A Longitudinal Assessment of Hormonal and Physical Alterations during Normal Puberty in Boys. V. Rising Leptin Levels May Signal the Onset of Puberty¹

1997 • 435 citations

Leptin Directly Alters Lipid Partitioning in Skeletal Muscle

1997 • 434 citations

Inhibition of growth by pro-inflammatory cytokines: an integrated view.

1997 • 429 citations

Leptin Activates Neurons in Ventrobasal Hypothalamus and Brainstem

1997 • 428 citations

Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide Y on energy metabolism

1991 • 414 citations

Response of leptin to short-term and prolonged overfeeding in humans.

1996 • 409 citations

Serum Leptin in Children With Obesity: Relationship to Gender and Development

1996 • 394 citations

Leptin Suppression of Insulin Secretion by the Activation of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in Pancreatic β-Cells

1997 • 386 citations

Induction by leptin of uncoupling protein-2 and enzymes of fatty acid oxidation

1997 • 384 citations

Decreased food intake does not completely account for adiposity reduction after ob protein infusion.

1996 • 380 citations

Regulation of in VivoGrowth Hormone Secretion by Leptin

1997 • 351 citations

Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones inhibit leptin (ob) gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

1996 • 342 citations

Leptin Receptors Expressed on Pancreatic β-Cells

1996 • 332 citations

Effects of parabiosis of normal with genetically diabetic mice

1969 • 326 citations

Disappearance of body fat in normal rats induced by adenovirus-mediated leptin gene therapy

1996 • 321 citations

Evidence for a Novel Peripheral Action of Leptin as a Metabolic Signal to the Adrenal Gland: Leptin Inhibits Cortisol Release Directly

1997 • 320 citations

Leptin in Human Reproduction: Serum Leptin Levels in Pregnant and Lactating Women

1997 • 319 citations

Activation of β3 Adrenergic Receptors Suppresses Leptin Expression and Mediates a Leptin-Independent Inhibition of Food Intake in Mice

1996 • 315 citations

The Leptin Receptor Activates Janus Kinase 2 and Signals for Proliferation in a Factor-Dependent Cell Line

1997 • 315 citations

Expression and Localization of the Leptin Receptor in Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tissues of the Rat

1997 • 313 citations

Hypothalamic Dysfunction in Secondary Amenorrhea Associated with Simple Weight Loss

1977 • 311 citations

Reciprocal Regulation of Adipogenesis by Myc and C/EBPα

1992 • 296 citations

Leptin Receptor (OB-R) Signaling

1997 • 290 citations

Increased neuropeptide-Y messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and decreased neurotensin mRNA in the hypothalamus of the obese (ob/ob) mouse.

1993 • 276 citations

The ob Gene and Insulin: A Relationship Leading to Clues to the Understanding of Obesity

1995 • 275 citations

Effects of fasting and refeeding on ob gene expression in white adipose tissue of lean and obese (ob/ob) mice

1995 • 269 citations

Economic Costs of Obesity

2014 • 266 citations

Relationships among Weight Gains, Age at Puberty and Reproductive Performance in Heifers

1971 • 262 citations

Threading analysis suggests that the obese gene product may be a helical cytokine

1995 • 261 citations

Effect of Restricted Nutrition on Puberty in the Lamb: Patterns of Tonic Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Secretion and Competency of the LH Surge System*

1985 • 252 citations

Functional Antagonism between CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein-α and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ on the Leptin Promoter

1997 • 250 citations

Genomic Structure and Promoter Analysis of the Human obese Gene

1996 • 245 citations

The beta 3-adrenergic receptor inhibits insulin-stimulated leptin secretion from isolated rat adipocytes.

1996 • 245 citations

Evidence for Leptin Binding to Proteins in Serum of Rodents and Humans: Modulation With Obesity

1996 • 236 citations

Regulation of energy balance by leptin

2009 • 221 citations

Leptin stimulates glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in C 2 C 12 myotubes: evidence for a PI3-kinase mediated effect

1997 • 207 citations

Nutritional Infertility: The Role of the Interconnected Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y–Galanin–Opioid Network

1996 • 207 citations

The Weight-Reducing Effect of an Intracerebroventricular Bolus Injection of Leptin in Genetically Obese fa/fa Rats: Reduced Sensitivity Compared With Lean Animals

1996 • 206 citations

Food-Restricted, Prepubertal, Female Rats: Rapid Recovery of Luteinizing Hormone Pulsing with Excess Food, and Full Recovery of Pubertal Development with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone*

1986 • 206 citations

Leptin receptor mRNA is expressed in ewe anterior pituitary and adipose tissues and is differentially expressed in hypothalamic regions of well-fed and feed-restricted ewes

1997 • 203 citations

Leptin Is Present in Human Milk and Is Related to Maternal Plasma Leptin Concentration and Adiposity

1997 • 201 citations

Supraphysiological Hyperinsulinemia Increases Plasma Leptin Concentrations After 4 h in Normal Subjects

1996 • 197 citations

Transcriptional activation of the mouse obese (ob) gene by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha.

1996 • 186 citations

The expression of ob gene is not acutely regulated by insulin and fasting in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue.

1996 • 184 citations

Down-regulation of the Expression of the Obese Gene by an Antidiabetic Thiazolidinedione in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats and db/db Mice

1996 • 180 citations

Leptin, the obese gene product, rapidly modulates synaptic transmission in the hypothalamus.

1996 • 176 citations

Altered Cerebrospinal Fluid Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY Immunoreactivity in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa

1990 • 175 citations

A direct role for C/EBP and the AP-I-binding site in gene expression linked to adipocyte differentiation.

1989 • 170 citations

Regulation of Leptin Production in Cultured Mature White Adipocytes

1996 • 167 citations

The Mouse obese Gene

1995 • 153 citations

Leptin Stimulates Fetal and Adult Erythroid and Myeloid Development

1997 • 144 citations

Influence of Food Restriction on Neuropeptide-Y, Proopiomelanocortin, and Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression in Sheep Hypothalami1

1993 • 137 citations

OB protein binds specifically to the choroid plexus of mice and rats.

1996 • 124 citations

Nutritionally-Induced Anestrus in Gilts: Metabolic and Endocrine Changes Associated with Cessation and Resumption of Estrous Cycles

1987 • 121 citations

A review of nutritional influences on reproduction in boars, bulls and rams

1994 • 118 citations

Recombinant OB-Gene Product Reduces Food-Intake in Fasted Mice

1995 • 117 citations

Central Actions of Neuropeptide-Y May Provide a Neuromodulatory Link between Nutrition and Reproduction1

1992 • 117 citations

Rapid Inhibition ofobGene Expression and Circulating Leptin Levels in Lean Mice by the β3-Adrenoceptor Agonists BRL 35135A and ZD2079

1996 • 116 citations

Functional STAT 1 and 3 signaling by the leptin receptor (OB-R); reduced expression of the rat fatty leptin receptor in transfected cells.

1996 • 116 citations

Energy Intake, Body Composition and Reproductive Performance of the Gilt

1985 • 114 citations

Effect of Troglitazone on Leptin Production: Studies In Vitro and in Human Subjects

1996 • 111 citations

Lateral cerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide Y stimulates feeding in sheep

1989 • 109 citations

Preproneuropeptide Y Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus of the Rat is Increased by Food Deprivation or Dehydration

1991 • 98 citations

Neuropeptide-Y Suppresses Pulsatile Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone in Ovariectomized Rats: Possible Site of Action*

1989 • 96 citations

Leptin and OB-R: Body weight regulation by a cytokine receptor

1996 • 95 citations

Stimulation of feeding in the satiated pig by intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide Y

1986 • 95 citations

Effect of fasting on regional levels of neuropeptide Y mRNA and insulin receptors in the rat hypothalamus: An autoradiographic study

1992 • 84 citations

Leptin receptor (OB‐R) oligomerizes with itself but not with its closely related cytokine signal transducer gp130

1997 • 82 citations

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis in Genetically Obese (ob/ob) Mice: Response to Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone*

1978 • 79 citations

Soluble hormone receptors [editorial; comment]

1993 • 78 citations

Effect of chronic food restriction on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in castrate male sheep

1997 • 72 citations

Investigation into the hypogonadism of the obese mouse (genotype ob/ob)

1982 • 71 citations

Demonstration of a Leptin Binding Factor in Human Serum

1997 • 69 citations

Do Milk-Borne Cytokines and Hormones Influence Neonatal Immune Cell Function?

1997 • 67 citations

Leptin is a four‐helix bundle: secondary structure by NMR

1997 • 60 citations

Modulation of reproductive hormone secretion by nutritional intake: stress signals versus metabolic signals

1993 • 55 citations

Cloning and expression of the porcineobesegene

1997 • 53 citations

Characterization of central actions of neuropeptide Y on food and water intake in rabbits

1988 • 51 citations

FERTILE, OBESE MALE MICE

1954 • 47 citations

Metabolic Feedback in Mammalian Endocrine Systems

1992 • 47 citations

Hematopoietic progenitor cells.

1996 • 43 citations

Cytokine-binding proteins in the lung

1995 • 42 citations

Metabolic Interfaces between Growth and Reproduction. II. Characterization of Changes in Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Concentrations of Gonadotropin Subunits, Growth Hormone, and Prolactin in Nutritionally Growth-Limited Lambs and the Differential Effects of Increased Nutrition*

1989 • 39 citations

Innate variability in sexual development irrespective of body fatness in gilts1

1993 • 36 citations

Obesity Sheds Its Secrets

1997 • 34 citations

Leptin Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Cellular Proteins Including STAT-1 in Human Renal Adenocarcinoma Cells, ACHN

1996 • 30 citations

Nutrition and the Treatment of Sterility in Dairy Cattle: A Review

1949 • 26 citations

The role of hypothalamic peptides in the control of energy balance and body weight

1996 • 26 citations

Assignment of the porcine obese (leptin) gene to Chromosome 18 by linkage analysis of a new PCR-based polymorphism

1996 • 23 citations

Environmental factors and sexual maturation in rodents

1996 • 10 citations

Evidence that leptin is present in human breast milk

1997 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations