The Optimal Number of Response Alternatives for a Scale: A Review

Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests

1951 • 39,787 citations

Attitudes Can Be Measured

1928 • 1,435 citations

Estimation of the reliability of ratings

1951 • 998 citations

Further Evidence on Response Sets and Test Design

1950 • 730 citations

Multivariate information transmission

1954 • 715 citations

USING ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE WITH A DICHOTOMOUS DEPENDENT VARIABLE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY¹

1970 • 544 citations

Is There an Optimal Number of Alternatives for Likert Scale Items? Study I: Reliability and Validity

1971 • 543 citations

Effect of the number of scale points on reliability: A Monte Carlo approach.

1975 • 482 citations

The nature of the data, or how to choose a correlation coefficient

1961 • 339 citations

The Information of Elementary Auditory Displays

1952 • 326 citations

Is there an optimal number of alternatives for Likert-scale items? Effects of testing time and scale properties.

1972 • 323 citations

The amount of information in absolute judgments.

1951 • 241 citations

Rating Scales and Information Recovery—How Many Scales and Response Categories to Use?

1970 • 209 citations

On the Loss of Reliability in Ratings Due to Coarseness of the Scale.

1924 • 191 citations

Statistical behavioristics and sequences of responses.

1949 • 189 citations

Number of Scale Points and the Reliability of Scales

1965 • 188 citations

Two components in bipolar scales: Direction and extremeness.

1962 • 184 citations

Reliability and the number of rating-scale categories.

1954 • 177 citations

Attitude Content, Intensity, and the Neutral Point on a Likert Scale

1963 • 157 citations

Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: Recovery of metric information

1970 • 157 citations

A Monte Carlo study of factors affecting three indices of composite scale reliability.

1977 • 156 citations

Are Three-Point Scales Always Good Enough?

1972 • 138 citations

The effect of number of categories in rating scales on precision of estimation of scale values

1973 • 130 citations

Rating scales, discriminability, and information transmission.

1960 • 119 citations

A comparative study of scales constructed by three psychophysical methods

1937 • 99 citations

Alternative Semantic Scaling Formats for Measuring Store Image: An Evaluation

1979 • 88 citations

The reliability of self-ratings as a function of the amount of verbal anchoring and of the number of categories on the scale.

1953 • 86 citations

Optimal refinement of the rating scale.

1939 • 72 citations

Effects of Scaling on the Correlation Coefficient: Additional Considerations

1978 • 61 citations

The identification of redundant stimulus patterns.

1955 • 56 citations

A method of graded dichotomies for the scaling of judgments.

1949 • 49 citations

The Effects of Scaling on the Correlation Coefficient: A Test of Validity

1973 • 45 citations

Grouping for Testing Trends in Categorical Data

1972 • 45 citations

Effect of amount of verbal anchoring and number of rating-scale categories upon transmitted information.

1953 • 38 citations

Clinical prediction: Does one sometimes know too much?

1966 • 32 citations

EFFECTS OF CATEGORIZING CONTINUOUS NORMAL VARIABLES ON PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION

1971 • 28 citations

An Investigation of the Effect of the Number of Scale Intervals on Principal Components Factor Analysis

1974 • 28 citations

How Many Scales and how many Categories shall we use in Consumer Research?—A Comment

1971 • 28 citations

Information Processing Capacity and Attitude Measurement

1975 • 28 citations

Transmitted information and the length of rating scales.

1954 • 27 citations

Regressions with Discrete Dependent Variables: The Effect on R²

1972 • 27 citations

A Study of Selected Opinion Measurement Techniques

1967 • 26 citations

The computation of psychological values from judgments in absolute categories.

1938 • 24 citations

All or none versus graded response questionnaires.

1939 • 24 citations

Response latency, response uncertainty, information transmitted and the number of available judgmental categories.

1968 • 14 citations

On the Relation between Response Uncertainty and Reaction Time in Category Judgments

1963 • 11 citations