Stopping Time: The Genetics of Fly and Mouse Circadian Clocks

Molecular Bases for Circadian Clocks

1999 • 2,823 citations

Clock Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster

1971 • 2,191 citations

Loss of a circadian adrenal corticosterone rhythm following suprachiasmatic lesions in the rat

1972 • 2,054 citations

Circadian Rhythms in Drinking Behavior and Locomotor Activity of Rats Are Eliminated by Hypothalamic Lesions

1972 • 1,975 citations

A Serum Shock Induces Circadian Gene Expression in Mammalian Tissue Culture Cells

1998 • 1,954 citations

Role of the CLOCK Protein in the Mammalian Circadian Mechanism

1998 • 1,915 citations

Resetting Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators in Transgenic Rats

2000 • 1,844 citations

Transplanted Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Determines Circadian Period

1990 • 1,788 citations

Resetting of Circadian Time in Peripheral Tissues by Glucocorticoid Signaling

2000 • 1,733 citations

Mutagenesis and Mapping of a Mouse Gene, Clock , Essential for Circadian Behavior

1994 • 1,570 citations

mCRY1 and mCRY2 Are Essential Components of the Negative Limb of the Circadian Clock Feedback Loop

1999 • 1,558 citations

Mop3 Is an Essential Component of the Master Circadian Pacemaker in Mammals

2000 • 1,523 citations

Individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phased circadian firing rhythms

1995 • 1,437 citations

Mammalian Cry1 and Cry2 are essential for maintenance of circadian rhythms

1999 • 1,361 citations

Positional Cloning of the Mouse Circadian Gene

1997 • 1,335 citations

Interacting Molecular Loops in the Mammalian Circadian Clock

2000 • 1,332 citations

Correlates of Sleep and Waking in Drosophila melanogaster

2000 • 1,244 citations

A pdf Neuropeptide Gene Mutation and Ablation of PDF Neurons Each Cause Severe Abnormalities of Behavioral Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila

1999 • 1,122 citations

Feedback of the Drosophila period gene product on circadian cycling of its messenger RNA levels

1990 • 1,103 citations

Rest in Drosophila Is a Sleep-like State

2000 • 1,007 citations

Cryptochromes: Blue Light Receptors for Plants and Animals

1999 • 994 citations

The cryb Mutation Identifies Cryptochrome as a Circadian Photoreceptor in Drosophila

1998 • 952 citations

A Molecular Mechanism Regulating Rhythmic Output from the Suprachiasmatic Circadian Clock

1999 • 894 citations

A Differential Response of Two Putative Mammalian Circadian Regulators, mper1and mper2, to Light

1997 • 883 citations

Three period Homologs in Mammals: Differential Light Responses in the Suprachiasmatic Circadian Clock and Oscillating Transcripts Outside of Brain

1998 • 867 citations

Light-Induced Resetting of a Mammalian Circadian Clock Is Associated with Rapid Induction of the Transcript

1997 • 866 citations

CRY, a Drosophila Clock and Light-Regulated Cryptochrome, Is a Major Contributor to Circadian Rhythm Resetting and Photosensitivity

1998 • 861 citations

Positional Syntenic Cloning and Functional Characterization of the Mammalian Circadian Mutation tau

2000 • 850 citations

double-time Is a Novel Drosophila Clock Gene that Regulates PERIOD Protein Accumulation

1998 • 820 citations

Closing the Circadian Loop: CLOCK-Induced Transcription of Its Own Inhibitors per and tim

1998 • 799 citations

Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene

1997 • 782 citations

A diffusible coupling signal from the transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus controlling circadian locomotor rhythms

1996 • 776 citations

Two period Homologs: Circadian Expression and Photic Regulation in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei

1997 • 763 citations

The basic-helix–loop–helix-PAS orphan MOP3 forms transcriptionally active complexes with circadian and hypoxia factors

1998 • 761 citations

A Mutant Drosophila Homolog of Mammalian Clock Disrupts Circadian Rhythms and Transcription of period and timeless

1998 • 718 citations

Circadian Rhythms in Cultured Mammalian Retina

1996 • 710 citations

A Mutation of the Circadian System in Golden Hamsters

1988 • 693 citations

The mPer2 gene encodes a functional component of the mammalian circadian clock

1999 • 692 citations

The Drosophila Clock Gene double-time Encodes a Protein Closely Related to Human Casein Kinase Iε

1998 • 678 citations

Differential regulation of mammalian Period genes and circadian rhythmicity by cryptochromes 1 and 2

1999 • 668 citations

RIGUI, a Putative Mammalian Ortholog of the Drosophila period Gene

1997 • 664 citations

Functional Identification of the Mouse Circadian Clock Gene by Transgenic BAC Rescue

1997 • 664 citations

ON TEMPERATURE INDEPENDENCE IN THE CLOCK SYSTEM CONTROLLING EMERGENCE TIME IN DROSOPHILA

1954 • 638 citations

CYCLE Is a Second bHLH-PAS Clock Protein Essential for Circadian Rhythmicity and Transcription of Drosophila period and timeless

1998 • 631 citations

Independent Photoreceptive Circadian Clocks Throughout Drosophila

1997 • 628 citations

Loss of Circadian Behavioral Rhythms and per RNA Oscillations in the Drosophila Mutant timeless

1994 • 627 citations

Light-Independent Role of CRY1 and CRY2 in the Mammalian Circadian Clock

1999 • 613 citations

Molecular Genetics of Circadian Rhythms in Mammals

2000 • 541 citations

Circadian rhythmicity restored by neural transplant. Immunocytochemical characterization of the graft and its integration with the host brain

1987 • 538 citations

Differential regulation of circadian pacemaker output by separate clock genes in Drosophila

2000 • 531 citations

PAS is a dimerization domain common to Drosophila Period and several transcription factors

1993 • 515 citations

A light-entrainment mechanism for the Drosophila circadian clock

1996 • 471 citations

Light-Induced Degradation of TIMELESS and Entrainment of the Drosophila Circadian Clock

1996 • 462 citations

Light acts directly on organs and cells in culture to set the vertebrate circadian clock

2000 • 448 citations

Cycling vrille Expression Is Required for a Functional Drosophila Clock

1999 • 433 citations

CLOCK, an essential pacemaker component, controls expression of the circadian transcription factor DBP

2000 • 418 citations

Temporal phosphorylation of the Drosophila period protein.

1994 • 410 citations

Circadian fluctuations of period protein immunoreactivity in the CNS and the visual system of Drosophila

1990 • 404 citations

Vitamin B ₂ -based blue-light photoreceptors in the retinohypothalamic tract as the photoactive pigments for setting the circadian clock in mammals

1998 • 402 citations

The period clock gene is expressed in central nervous system neurons which also produce a neuropeptide that reveals the projections of circadian pacemaker cells within the brain of Drosophila melanogaster.

1995 • 401 citations

Regulation of the Drosophila Protein Timeless Suggests a Mechanism for Resetting the Circadian Clock by Light

1996 • 400 citations

Drosophila CRY Is a Deep Brain Circadian Photoreceptor

2000 • 400 citations

Role of Mouse Cryptochrome Blue-Light Photoreceptor in Circadian Photoresponses

1998 • 397 citations

Antibodies to the period gene product of drosophila reveal diverse tissue distribution and rhythmic changes in the visual system

1988 • 396 citations

Photic Induction of mPer1 and mPer2 in Cry -Deficient Mice Lacking a Biological Clock

1999 • 373 citations

Rhythmic Expression of timeless : A Basis for Promoting Circadian Cycles in period Gene Autoregulation

1995 • 368 citations

Isolation of timeless by PER Protein Interaction: Defective Interaction Between timeless Protein and Long-Period Mutant PER ^L

1995 • 364 citations

Interlocked Feedback Loops Within the Drosophila Circadian Oscillator

1999 • 361 citations

Block in Nuclear Localization of period Protein by a Second Clock Mutation, timeless

1994 • 360 citations

Circadian orchestration of gene expression in cyanobacteria.

1995 • 360 citations

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Use of ¹⁴ C-Labeled Deoxyglucose Uptake as a Functional Marker

1977 • 357 citations

The Drosophila single-minded gene encodes a nuclear protein with sequence similarity to the per gene product

1988 • 353 citations

Interconnected Feedback Loops in the Neurospora Circadian System

2000 • 352 citations

Zebrafish Clock rhythmic expression reveals independent peripheral circadian oscillators

1998 • 348 citations

Mammalian Circadian Autoregulatory Loop

1998 • 347 citations

Analysis of Clock Proteins in Mouse SCN Demonstrates Phylogenetic Divergence of the Circadian Clockwork and Resetting Mechanisms

2000 • 343 citations

Regulation of Nuclear Entry of the Drosophila Clock Proteins Period and Timeless

1996 • 322 citations

Multitissue Circadian Expression of Rat periodHomolog (rPer2) mRNA Is Governed by the Mammalian Circadian Clock, the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Brain

1998 • 305 citations

Targeted Disruption of the mPer3 Gene: Subtle Effects on Circadian Clock Function

2000 • 297 citations

All's well that ends dead

1999 • 293 citations

Nuclear Entry of the Circadian Regulator mPER1 Is Controlled by Mammalian Casein Kinase I ɛ

2000 • 291 citations

The DBP gene is expressed according to a circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and influences circadian behavior

1997 • 291 citations

ISOLATION OF CIRCADIAN CLOCK MUTANTS OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA

1973 • 277 citations

Circadian rhythms in a nutshell

2000 • 277 citations

Temporally regulated nuclear entry of the Drosophila period protein contributes to the circadian clock

1995 • 275 citations

Resetting the Drosophila Clock by Photic Regulation of PER and a PER-TIM Complex

1996 • 272 citations

Inhibition of Light- or Glutamate-InducedmPer1Expression Represses the Phase Shifts into the Mouse Circadian Locomotor and Suprachiasmatic Firing Rhythms

1999 • 262 citations

The Drosophila takeout Gene Is a Novel Molecular Link between Circadian Rhythms and Feeding Behavior

2000 • 261 citations

Post-transcriptional regulation contributes to Drosophila clock gene mRNA cycling

1997 • 257 citations

Spatial and Temporal Expression of theperiodandtimelessGenes in the Developing Nervous System ofDrosophila: Newly Identified Pacemaker Candidates and Novel Features of Clock Gene Product Cycling

1997 • 245 citations

From the gene to behavior.

1971 • 241 citations

Product of per locus of Drosophila shares homology with proteoglycans

1986 • 241 citations

PER and TIM Inhibit the DNA Binding Activity of a Drosophila CLOCK-CYC/dBMAL1 Heterodimer without Disrupting Formation of the Heterodimer: a Basis for Circadian Transcription

1999 • 239 citations

A Circadian Enhancer Mediates PER-Dependent mRNA Cycling in Drosophila melanogaster

1997 • 237 citations

Antiphase Circadian Expression betweenBMAL1andperiodHomologue mRNA in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Peripheral Tissues of Rats

1998 • 235 citations

A light-independent oscillatory gene mPer3 in mouse SCN and OVLT

1998 • 234 citations

The Drosophila CLOCK Protein Undergoes Daily Rhythms in Abundance, Phosphorylation, and Interactions with the PER–TIM Complex

1998 • 231 citations

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Vasopressin Messenger RNA: Circadian Variation in Normal and Brattleboro Rats

1986 • 228 citations

disconnected: A locus required for neuronal pathway formation in the visual system of drosophila

1987 • 220 citations

Circadian Regulation of a Drosophila Homolog of the Mammalian Clock Gene: PER and TIM Function as Positive Regulators

1998 • 217 citations

Circadian oscillations in period gene mRNA levels are transcriptionally regulated.

1992 • 212 citations

Suppression of PERIOD protein abundance and circadian cycling by the Drosophila clock mutation timeless.

1995 • 205 citations

Molecular analysis of zebrafish photolyase/cryptochrome family: two types of cryptochromes present in zebrafish

2000 • 200 citations

From the Gene to Behavior

1971 • 193 citations

Protein-protein interaction via PAS domains: role of the PAS domain in positive and negative regulation of the bHLH/PAS dioxin receptor-Arnt transcription factor complex.

1995 • 187 citations

Differential Regulation of mPER1 and mTIM Proteins in the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nuclei: New Insights into a Core Clock Mechanism

1999 • 175 citations

A time-less function for mouse Timeless

2000 • 175 citations

Novel Features of Drosophila period Transcription Revealed by Real-Time Luciferase Reporting

1996 • 175 citations

Genetic dissection of glucocorticoid receptor function in mice

1998 • 173 citations

Transplantation of a circadian pacemaker in Drosophila

1979 • 172 citations

Molecular Analysis of Mammalian Timeless

1998 • 169 citations

Pigment-Dispersing Hormone Shifts the Phase of the Circadian Pacemaker of the CockroachLeucophaea maderae

1997 • 163 citations

Circadian Expression of the Steroid 15 α-Hydroxylase (Cyp2a4) and Coumarin 7-Hydroxylase (Cyp2a5) Genes in Mouse Liver Is Regulated by the PAR Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor DBP

1999 • 163 citations

Transplantation of the neonatal suprachiasmatic nuclei into rats with complete bilateral suprachiasmatic lesions

1984 • 159 citations

Fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus transplants: diurnal rhythm recovery of lesioned rats

1984 • 158 citations

Isolation and Chronobiological Analysis of a Neuropeptide Pigment-Dispersing Factor Gene in Drosophila melanogaster

1998 • 158 citations

Spatial and temporal expression of the period gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

1988 • 157 citations

A TIMELESS-Independent Function for PERIOD Proteins in the Drosophila Clock

2000 • 155 citations

The 5′ upstream region of mPer1 gene contains two promoters and is responsible for circadian oscillation

2000 • 151 citations

The two PAR leucine zipper proteins, TEF and DBP, display similar circadian and tissue-specific expression, but have different target promoter preferences.

1996 • 145 citations

The period clock locus of D. melanogaster codes for a proteoglycan

1986 • 144 citations

Disruption of synaptic transmission or clock-gene-product oscillations in circadian pacemaker cells ofDrosophila cause abnormal behavioral rhythms

2000 • 143 citations

The disconnected Visual System Mutations in Drosophila melanogaster Drastically Disrupt Circadian Rhythms

1989 • 138 citations

takeout, a Novel DrosophilaGene under Circadian Clock Transcriptional Regulation

2000 • 137 citations

Phosphorylation and destabilization of human period I clock protein by human casein kinase Iε

2000 • 135 citations

dCLOCK Is Present in Limiting Amounts and Likely Mediates Daily Interactions between the dCLOCK–CYC Transcription Factor and the PER–TIM Complex

2000 • 134 citations

MUTANTS OF THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI

1972 • 133 citations

Immortal Time: Circadian Clock Properties of Rat Suprachiasmatic Cell Lines

1999 • 133 citations

GFP fluorescence reports Period 1 circadian gene regulation in the mammalian biological clock

2000 • 131 citations

Ontogeny of a biological clock in Drosophila melanogaster.

1992 • 128 citations

Analysis of period mRNA cycling in Drosophila head and body tissues indicates that body oscillators behave differently from head oscillators.

1994 • 127 citations

Transplanted Drosophila excretory tubules maintain circadian clock cycling out of phase with the host

2000 • 127 citations

Circadian Programs in Cyanobacteria: Adaptiveness and Mechanism

1999 • 123 citations

Effect of constant light and circadian entrainment of perS flies: evidence for light-mediated delay of the negative feedback loop in Drosophila.

1996 • 121 citations

Identification of Inhibitory Autophosphorylation Sites in Casein Kinase I ε

1999 • 115 citations

The Basic Helix-Loop-Helix-PAS Protein MOP9 Is a Brain-Specific Heterodimeric Partner of Circadian and Hypoxia Factors

2000 • 113 citations

Biological clocks

1999 • 110 citations

Regulation of Casein Kinase I ε and Casein Kinase I δ by anin Vivo Futile Phosphorylation Cycle

1998 • 108 citations

Humoral signals mediate the circadian expression of rat period homologue (rPer2) mRNA in peripheral tissues

1998 • 106 citations

Rhythmic Expression of a PER-Reporter in the Malpighian Tubules of Decapitated Drosophila: Evidence for a Brain-Independent Circadian Clock

1997 • 102 citations

Circadian rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus are temperature-compensated and phase-shifted by heat pulses in vitro.

1999 • 99 citations

Cryptochromes: sensory reception, transduction, and clock functions subserving circadian systems

2000 • 90 citations

Behavioral and molecular analyses suggest that circadian output is disrupted by disconnected mutants in D. melanogaster.

1992 • 89 citations

Two NoveldoubletimeMutants Alter Circadian Properties and Eliminate the Delay between RNA and Protein inDrosophila

2000 • 88 citations

An Extraretinally Expressed Insect Cryptochrome with Similarity to the Blue Light Photoreceptors of Mammals and Plants

1999 • 87 citations

Circadian Rhythms in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus are Temperature-Compensated and Phase-Shifted by Heat PulsesIn Vitro

1999 • 84 citations

Differential regulation of circadian pacemaker output by separate clock genes in Drosophila

2000 • 83 citations

DCRY is a Drosophila photoreceptor protein implicated in light entrainment of circadian rhythm

1999 • 82 citations

A second timeless gene in Drosophila shares greater sequence similarity with mammalian tim

2000 • 79 citations

Persistent Diurnal Rhythmicity in Drosophila Emergence1

1955 • 79 citations

The vrille Gene of Drosophila Is a Maternal Enhancer of decapentaplegic and Encodes a New Member of the bZIP Family of Transcription Factors

1997 • 77 citations

Time Flies for Drosophila

2000 • 71 citations

Identification of the mammalian homologues of the Drosophila timeless gene, Timeless1¹

1998 • 68 citations

The Tick-Tock of the Biological Clock

2000 • 66 citations

Extent and character of circadian gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster: identification of twenty oscillating mRNAs in the fly head

1995 • 64 citations

Circadian rhythm and light responsiveness of BMAL1 expression, a partner of mammalian clock gene Clock, in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of rats

1998 • 61 citations

Oscillation and Light Induction oftimelessmRNA in the Mammalian Circadian Clock

1999 • 52 citations

tim^rit Lengthens Circadian Period in a Temperature-Dependent Manner through Suppression of PERIOD Protein Cycling and Nuclear Localization

1999 • 51 citations

Establishment and characterization of adenoviral E1A immortalized cell lines derived from the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus

1999 • 49 citations

A Synoptic Flora of South Georgian Mosses

1976 • 38 citations

Shedding light on clock controlled cab gene transcription in higher plants

1993 • 28 citations

Marking Time for a Kingdom

2000 • 27 citations

The Runners-Up

1998 • 13 citations

The Runners-Up

1997 • 9 citations