Active efflux as a mechanism of resistance to ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Prevention of Drug Access to Bacterial Targets: Permeability Barriers and Active Efflux

1994 • 1,518 citations

Resistance to Penicillin and Cephalosporin and Mortality from Severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain

1995 • 785 citations

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to macrolides but sensitive to clindamycin: a common resistance pattern mediated by an efflux system

1996 • 635 citations

The Prevalence of Drug-ResistantStreptococcus pneumoniaeIn Atlanta

1995 • 519 citations

Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus norA gene, which confers resistance to quinolones

1990 • 479 citations

Involvement of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase as ciprofloxacin targets in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1996 • 430 citations

Efflux-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

1993 • 414 citations

Role of efflux pump(s) in intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and norfloxacin

1994 • 395 citations

Penetration of lipophilic agents with multiple protonation sites into bacterial cells: tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones as examples

1993 • 276 citations

Multidrug resistance mediated by a bacterial homolog of the human multidrug transporter MDR1.

1996 • 275 citations

Inducible NorA-mediated multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

1995 • 256 citations

High-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae requires mutations in parC and gyrA

1996 • 232 citations

ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary target of fluoroquinolones and cooperates with DNA gyrase A subunit in forming resistance phenotype

1996 • 226 citations

Quinolone resistance mediated by norA: physiologic characterization and relationship to flqB, a quinolone resistance locus on the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome

1994 • 222 citations

Genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae: nucleotide sequence analysis shows comA, a gene required for competence induction, to be a member of the bacterial ATP-dependent transport protein family

1991 • 158 citations

Cloning and characterization of the parC and parE genes of Streptococcus pneumoniae encoding DNA topoisomerase IV: role in fluoroquinolone resistance

1996 • 155 citations

The ami locus of the Gram‐positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is similar to binding protein‐dependent transport operons of Gram‐negative bacteria

1990 • 138 citations

Multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: a novel gene, ramA, confers a multidrug resistance phenotype in Escherichia coli

1995 • 137 citations

The multidrug efflux transporter of Bacillus subtilis is a structural and functional homolog of the Staphylococcus NorA protein

1992 • 135 citations

RELEASE OF GENETIC TRANSFORMING AGENT FROM PNEUMOCOCCAL CULTURES DURING GROWTH AND DISINTEGRATION

1962 • 124 citations

Proton motive force-driven and ATP-dependent drug extrusion systems in multidrug-resistant Lactococcus lactis

1994 • 105 citations

Energetics and Mechanism of Drug Transport Mediated by the Lactococcal Multidrug Transporter LmrP

1996 • 104 citations

Evidence for an efflux pump in multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni

1995 • 98 citations

Emergent resistance to ciprofloxacin amongst Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus:clinical significance and therapeutic approaches

1990 • 83 citations

Transport of pefloxacin across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane in quinolone-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

1992 • 77 citations

Relationships among antibacterial activity, inhibition of DNA gyrase, and intracellular accumulation of 11 fluoroquinolones

1992 • 76 citations

Physicochemical properties of the fluoroquinolone antimicrobials. III. 1-Octanol/water partition coefficients and their relationships to structure

1992 • 73 citations

In vitro activity of sparfloxacin compared with those of five other quinolones

1992 • 64 citations

Physicochemical properties of the fluoroquinolone antimicrobials V. Effect of fluoroquinolone structure and pH on the complexation of various fluoroquinolones with magnesium and calcium ions

1993 • 59 citations

Transport of H+, K+, Na+ and Ca++ in Streptococcus

1982 • 52 citations

Uptake of sparfloxacin and norfloxacin by clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

1991 • 39 citations

Mechanisms of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates: accumulation of sparfloxacin and of fluoroquinolones of various hydrophobicity, and analysis of membrane composition

1993 • 36 citations

Characterization of a Streptococcus pneumoniae mutant with altered electric transmembrane potential

1984 • 34 citations

In vitro activities of five fluoroquinolone compounds against strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae with resistance to other antimicrobial agents

1996 • 29 citations

Induction of Resistance of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae </i>to Quinolones in vitro

1993 • 22 citations

In vitro Activity of Sparfloxacin Compared with Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin against Respiratory Tract Pathogens

1993 • 15 citations

In Vivo Selection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Resistant to Quinolones, Including Sparfloxin

1995 • 15 citations